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Seminar On

2. 2INTEGRAL UNIVERSITY LUCKNOW4/23/2017 4:48 PM
Definition
It is the act of tricking someone into giving
confidential information (like passwords and
credit card information) on a fake web page or
email form pretending to come from a legitimate
company (like their bank).
For example: Sending an e-mail to a user falsely claiming to
be an established legitimate enterprise in an attempt to scam
the user into surrendering private information that will be
used for identity theft.
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Examples
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Examples
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Examples
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Types of Phishing
 Deceptive - Sending a deceptive email, in bulk,
with a “call to action” that demands the
recipient click on a link.
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Types of Phishing
 Malware-Based - Running malicious software on the
user’s machine. Various forms of malware-based phishing
are:
 Key Loggers & Screen Loggers
 Session Hijackers
 Web Trojans
 Data Theft
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Types of Phishing
 DNS-Based - Phishing that interferes with the integrity of
the lookup process for a domain name. Forms of DNS-based
phishing are:
 Hosts file poisoning
 Polluting user’s DNS cache
 Proxy server compromise
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Types of Phishing
 Content-Injection – Inserting malicious content into legitimate site.
Three primary types of content-injection phishing:
 Hackers can compromise a server through a security vulnerability and
replace or augment the legitimate content with malicious content.
 Malicious content can be inserted into a site through a cross-site
scripting vulnerability.
 Malicious actions can be performed on a site through a SQL injection
vulnerability.
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Types of Phishing
 Man-in-the-Middle Phishing - Phisher positions
himself between the user and the legitimate site.
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Types of Phishing
 Search Engine Phishing - Create web pages for fake
products, get the pages indexed by search engines, and wait
for users to enter their confidential information as part of an
order, sign-up, or balance transfer.
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Causes of Phishing
 Misleading e-mails
 No check of source address
 Vulnerability in browsers
 No strong authentication at websites of banks and financial
institutions
 Limited use of digital signatures
 Non-availability of secure desktop tools
 Lack of user awareness
 Vulnerability in applications
 … and more
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Effects of Phishing
 Internet fraud
 Identity theft
 Financial loss to the original institutions
 Difficulties in Law Enforcement Investigations
 Erosion of Public Trust in the Internet.
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Industries affected
Major industries affected are:
 Financial Services
 ISPs
 Online retailers
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Phishing Trends
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Phishing Trends
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How to combat phishing?
 Educate application users
 Think before you open
 Never click on the links in an email , message boards or mailing lists
 Never submit credentials on forms embedded in emails
 Inspect the address bar and SSL certificate
 Never open suspicious emails
 Ensure that the web browser has the latest security patch applied
 Install latest anti-virus packages
 Destroy any hard copy of sensitive information
 Verify the accounts and transactions regularly
 Report the scam via phone or email.
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How to combat phishing?
 Formulate and enforce Best practices
 Authorization controls and access privileges for systems,
databases and applications.
 Access to any information should be based on need-to-know
principle
 Segregation of duties.
 Media should be disposed only after erasing sensitive
information.
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How to combat phishing?
Reinforce application development / maintenance
processes:
1. Web page personalization
 Using two pages to authenticate the users.
 Using Client-side persistent cookies.
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How to combat phishing?
2. Content Validation
 Never inherently trust the submitted data
 Never present the submitted data back to an
application user without sanitizing the same
 Always sanitize data before processing or storing
 Check the HTTP referrer header
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How to combat phishing?
3. Session Handling
 Make session identifiers long, complicated and difficult to guess.
 Set expiry time limits for the SessionID’s and should be checked for every
client request.
 Application should be capable of revoking active SessionID’s and not
recycle the same SessionID.
 Any attempt the invalid SessionID should be redirected to the login page.
 Never accept session information within a URL.
 Protect the session via SSL.
 Session data should be submitted as a POST.
 After authenticating, a new SessionID should be used (HTTP & HTTPS).
 Never let the users choose the SessionID.
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How to combat phishing?
4. URL Qualification
 Do not reference redirection URL in the browser’s URL
 Always maintain a valid approved list of redirection url’s
 Never allow customers to supply their own URL’s
 Never allow IP addresses to be user in URL information
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How to combat phishing?
5. Authentication Process
 Ensure that a 2-phase login process is in place
 Personalize the content
 Design a strong token-based authentication
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How to combat phishing?
6. Transaction non-repudiation
 To ensure authenticity and integrity of the transaction
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How to combat phishing?
7. Image Regulation
 Image Cycling
 Session-bound images
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Organizations
 Anti-Phishing Working Group (APWG)
The APWG has over 2300+ members from over 1500
companies & agencies worldwide. Member companies include
leading security companies such as Symantec, McAfee and
VeriSign. Financial Industry members include the ING
Group,VISA, Mastercard and the American Bankers
Association.
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What does all the above imply?
It is better to be safer now than feel sorry later.
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4/23/20

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Thank You!
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