1. RES 341 FINAL EXAMS
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1. A recent study of breast cancer revealed that 13% of the women in the sample used antibiotics
more than 500 days in their lifetime. Further, 79% of these “heavy antibiotics users” developed
breast cancer. According to the American Cancer Society, one in twelve women will develop
breast cancer at some time in her life. Of the numbers mentioned, which are parameters?
2. Which of the following is an example of statistical inference?
3. The Information Commons in the main library has 150 personal computers. The probability
that any one of them will require repair on a given day is 0.02. To find the probability that
exactly 25 of the computers will require repair, one would use what type of probability
distribution?
4. Ten bolts were selected randomly from a production line and the diameter of each was
measured. Why do these diameters not have a binomial distribution?
5. Which of these parameters associated with a binomial experiment will produce a probability
distribution with the smallest standard deviation; given n is the same for each situation?
6. The use of the student’s t distribution requires which of the following assumptions?
7. Which of the following statements is consistent with the Central Limit Theorem?
8. In statistical process control, a Type I error occurs if we decide that the process is
9. To tell if the standard deviation of a process has changed, the control charts used are
10. A survey was mailed to a total of 400 students; 100 were randomly selected from each of the
freshman, sophomore, junior and senior classes last semester. What sampling method was used?
11. What is the difference between probability sampling and simple random sampling?
12. A poll is planned to determine what proportion of all students favor an increase in fees to
support a new track and field stadium. A questionnaire will be published and the first 1000
completed questionnaires will be analyzed. Which of the following errors will be associated with
the sample?
13. Which of the following is not a characteristic of an ideal statistician?
14. The collection and summarization of the socioeconomic and physical characteristics of the
employees of a particular firm is an example of
2. 15. Which of the following statements is false?
16. A study of the scores on an in plant course in management principles and the years of service
of the employees enrolled in the course yielded the following statistics: Test Scores: mean=100
variance = 225 Years of Service: mean=5 variance = 81 Of test scores and years of service,
which measure has the greater dispersion?
17. A supermarket has determined that daily demand for eggs has a bell-shaped distribution, with
a mean of 55 cartons and a standard deviation of six cartons. If the supermarket begins each
morning with a stock of 61 cartons of eggs, approximately what percentage of days will there be
a surplus of eggs?
18. The average score for a class of 30 students was 75. The 20 male students in the class
averaged 70. The 10 female students in the class averaged
19. Which of the following is a characteristic of every binomial distribution?
20. The local police department must write, on average, 5 tickets a day to keep department
revenues at budgeted levels. Suppose the number of tickets written per day follows a Poisson
distribution with a mean of 5.5 tickets per day. Interpret the value of the mean.
21. Which of the following cannot generate a Poisson distribution?
22. The Big Red Arcade and Pizza Palace caters to young teens and sells tokens to play arcade
games for 25¢ each and slices of pizza for 50¢ each. The distribution of sales of pizza slices per
customer and sales of arcade tokens per customer is below.
23. Kunlakarn has decided to invest in oil paintings as a hedge against inflation. She is
particularly interested in paintings by Picasso or Constable. Below is a table of information
about the value of paintings by these artists in differing states of the Fine Art Market.
24. The Big Red Arcade and Pizza Palace caters to young teens and sells tokens to play arcade
games for 25¢ each and slices of pizza for 50¢ each. The distribution of sales of pizza slices per
customer and sales of arcade tokens per customer is below.
25. The expected value of the sampling distribution of the sample mean equals the population
mean
26. The standard error of the sample mean is equal to 5 when n=25. If the sample size increases
by a factor of four, how will the standard error change?
3. 27. For a sample size of 1, the sampling distribution of the mean will be normally distributed
28. What does it mean to have 95% confidence in an interval estimate?
29. A random sample of 25 observations is selected from a normally distributed population. The
sample variance is 10. In the 95% confidence interval for the population variance, the upper limit
will be:
30. A study of 200 insomniacs paid for by the Serta Mattress Company found that the average
insomniac counted 350 sheep before falling asleep, with a standard deviation of 120. An
insomniac is a person who has difficulty falling asleep. Some useful numbers might be:
31. When no point lies outside the control limits of a chart, we conclude that variation in the
process is
32. When the only sources of variation in a production process are caused by chance, the process
is said to be
33. When the results of a process are either defective or acceptable, the charts used for SPC are
called
34. Which of the following is not a reason one should have knowledge of statistics?
35. A multiple-choice test has 20 questions, and there are 4 choices for each question. A student
comes to class with four different colored balls of identical shape and size in her pocket. She has
decided to draw one ball from her pocket per question and allow the color of the ball to select the
answer for each question. What type of probability distribution can be used to figure out her
chance of getting 10 questions right?
36. Ceteris paribus, which is narrower, a 95% confidence interval with n=100 or a 99%
confidence interval with n=30?
37. Past history shows that 70% of college students prefer Pepsi. Groups of nine students are
selected. Describe the histogram that would represent this distribution. The histogram would be:
38. A child was born into the Doe family each year for five consecutive years. What is the
variance of the ages of the Doe children?
39. A random variable follows the student’s t distribution. The probability that it will be positive
is
40. Construct a 95% confidence interval estimate for the difference between the means of two
normally distributed populations, where the unknown population variances are assumed not to be
equal. Summary statistics computed from two independent samples are as follows: The upper
confidence limit is:
4. 41. A sufficiently large coverage error will result in which of the following?
42. Which of the following statements is not true?
43. Textbook Price Number of Textbooks $25 to $35 2 35 to 45 16 45 to 55 5 55 to 65 7 65 to
75 20 Estimate the mean price of a textbook.
44. Textbook Price Number of Textbooks $25 to $35 2 35 to 45 16 45 to 55 5 55 to 65 7 65 to 75
20 Estimate the standard deviation of the price of a textbook.
45. A statistician working for the Department of the Interior is constructing a systematic random
sample of trees in a forest preserve. All trees have been identified and numbered with a non-
invasive number attached to the bark. The statistician wishes to estimate the mean height of the
trees in the forest preserve, and has calculated an appropriate sample size of n=43 trees. The
587th of the 731 trees in the preserve was selected as the first observation in the sample. What is
the tree number of the second observation in the sample?
46. When a change has occurred in the mean of the process distribution, the result is referred to
as
47. What is the probability that, at most, a shipment received will contain 10 size six rings?
48. What is the expected number of size 9 rings in a 50 ring shipment?
49. Whenever π = 0.5, the binomial distribution will
50. What is the probability that revenues from pizza slice sales will be greater than $1.00 per
customer
51. If the expected number of arcade games played by the typical customer is 2 games, what is
the standard deviation of the number of arcade games played per customer?
52. Two international students were talking in the wake of the Singapore Air disaster a few years
ago. The first student said she had been intending to fly Singapore Air for the semester break,
but wasn’t going to now that there had been an accident! The second said, “But it should be
extra safe now. The chances of it crashing again so soon are very small.” If the likelihood of an
airplane crashing follows a Poisson distribution, what are these students forgetting about a
Poisson random variable?
53. What is the probability that a shipment of 50 rings will have more than 20 but no more than
30 size 7 or size 8 rings?
54. Past study shows that 13 of the 19 adult residents of Shepherd's Pass, Utah, favor gun
control. You wish to talk to a sample of 5 from this population and are curious about how likely
5. it is that all five of them will not favor gun control. Which is the appropriate distribution to use to
model this situation?
55. What is the expected number of size 9 rings in a 50 ring shipment?
56. A financial institution wishes to estimate the mean balances owed by its credit card
customers. The population standard deviation is estimated to be $300. If a 98 percent confidence
interval is used and an interval of ±$75 is desired, how many cardholders should be sampled?
57. Jolly Blue Giant Health Insurance (JBGHI) is concerned about rising lab test costs and would
like to know what proportion of the positive lab tests for prostate cancer are actually proven
correct through subsequent biopsy. JBGHI demands a sample large enough to ensure an error of
± 2% with 90% confidence. What is the necessary sample size?
58. A poll showed that 48 out of 120 randomly chosen graduates of California medical schools
last year intended to specialize in family practice. What is the width of a 90% confidence interval
for the proportion that plan to specialize in family practice?
59. To estimate the average annual expenses of students on books and class materials a sample of
size 36 is taken. The mean is $850 and the standard deviation is $54. A 99% confidence interval
for the population mean is
60. A random sample of 16 ATM transactions at the Last National Bank of Flatrock revealed a
mean transaction time of 2.8 minutes with a standard deviation of 1.2 minutes. The width (in
minutes) of the 95% confidence interval for the true mean transaction time is
61. The owner of Limp Pines Resort wanted to know the average age of its clients. A random
sample of 25 tourists is taken. It shows a mean age of 46 years with a standard deviation of 5
years. The width of a 98 percent CI for the true mean client age is approximately
62. The standard error of the mean decreases if
63. In classical hypothesis testing, the test statistic is to the critical value what the
64. We have created a 95% confidence interval for μ with the result [10, 15]. What conclusion
will we make if we test H0: μ = 16 versus H1: μ ≠ 16 at α ? = 0.05?
65. You performed a right tailed hypothesis test and your sample gave you a test statistic in the
left tail. Which of the following is considered the appropriate next step in this hypothesis test?
66. If the p-value for the hypothesis test described above is 0.005, the null hypothesis of the test
would be
67. In December of 1999, a research team at Ohio State University reported that the median
allowance for U.S. teenagers is $50 per week. While some teenagers received no allowance,
6. others reported receiving $200 per week. Based on this information, the mean allowance for
U.S. teenagers is most likely
68. A sample of 10 observations has a variance of 16. The sum of the squared deviations from
the sample mean is
69. Using the Empirical Rule, the range over which approximately 95% of families’ monthly
food expenditures falls is
70. Which is wider, the range over which Chebyshev predicts at least 68% or the range over
which the Empirical Rule predicts about 68%?
71. In a test for the equality of two variances (two-tailed), when the populations are normal, a 5%
level of significance was used. Sample sizes were n1 = 13 and n2 = 10 respectively. The upper
critical value for the test is
72. Which of the following statements is false for an F-distribution?
73. One hundred women were polled and 60 reported successfully communicating an automobile
problem to the auto repairman. A sample of 150 men had 95 reporting the same success. The
value of the test statistic for a test of the equality of proportions is
74. A pooled proportion estimate can be used to calculate the test statistic for a test of the
equality of proportions when the
75. You are conducting a two-tailed test of means but your software package only calculates a
one-tailed p-value equal to 0.13. The actual p-value for your test is
76. A test for equality of two variances is based on
77. When testing for differences between two means, the Behrens-Fisher problem arises when
the sample populations are
78. Two independent samples of 20 each from the male and female students of a large university
have been selected at random. To test for difference in the grade point average between male and
female students, the most likely ANOVA to fit this test situation is the
79. Which of the following statistics from the ANOVA table do not have an additive
relationship?
80. Which of the following is not a required to perform a one-factor ANOVA?
81. If we want to conduct a test to determine whether a population mean is greater than another
population mean, we
7. 82. Three tennis players, a beginner, an intermediate player, and an advanced player, were
randomly selected from the membership of the local YMCA. Using the same tennis ball, each
player hits ten serves, one with each of three racquet models, with the three racquet models
selected randomly. The speed of each serve is measured with a machine and the result recorded.
Among the ANOVA models listed below, the most likely model to fit this situation is the
83. The primary interest of designing a randomized block experiment is to
84. The randomized block design with exactly two treatments is equivalent to a two-tail
85. Which of the following is not a reason one should have a knowledge of statistics
86. Which of the following is not a rule to bear in mind when writing reports?
87. What is the difference between random sampling and simple random sampling?
88. A poll is planned to determine what proportion of all IU students favor an increase in fees to
support a new track and field stadium. A questionnaire will be published in the IDS and the first
1000 completed questionnaires will be analyzed. Which of the following errors will be
associated with the sample?
89. A statistician working for the Department of the Interior is constructing a systematic random
sample of trees in a forest preserve. All trees have been identified and numbered with a non-
invasive number attached to the bark. The statistician wishes to estimate the mean height of the
trees in the forest preserve, and has calculated an appropriate sample size of n=43 trees. The
587th of the 731 trees in the preserve was selected as the first observation in the sample. What is
the tree number of the second observation in the sample?
90. Sufficiently large coverage error will result in which of the following?
91. To monitor security, IU Police are surveying the number of students in the Atwater Parking
Garage each 30 minutes for a 24-hour period, to help determine when patrols would be most
helpful to students. The number of students in the lot is an example of
92. Large investment companies underwrite the initial public offerings (IPO's) for companies
going public. From January 1, 1998 to April 1, 1999, Morgan Stanley Dean Witter underwrote
$12.21 billion, Merrill Lynch $11.24 billion. The total underwriting amount for all IPO's during
this period was $62.64 billion. Which of the following graphs would be the most appropriate and
informative display of the data from all 77 underwriting companies?
93. Which of the following statements about pie charts is false?
94. Which of the following statements is true?
8. 95. A clothes store manager has sales data of trouser sizes for the last month's sales. Which
measure of central tendency should the manager use, if the manager is interested in the most
sellable size?
96. In December of 2006, a research team at Ohio State University reported that the median
allowance for U.S. teenagers is $75 per week, with a coefficient of skewness (as calculated in
class) of 0.762. While some teenagers received no allowance, others reported receiving $300 per
week. Based on this information, the mean allowance for U.S. teenagers is most likely
97. In a television advertisement for Fix-A-Flat, the announcer says, "In this world, there are two
kinds of people: those who have had a flat tire and those who will have." Thinking as a
statistician, which of the following statements is correct with respect to the categories in this
statement?
98. Which is greater, the probability that, given a billionaire has 1.5 to 3.5 billion in wealth, the
billionaire will be located in Europe or the probability that, given a billionaire has 1.5 to 3.5
billion in wealth, the billionaire will be located in the United States?
99. Which is greater, the probability that, given a billionaire is located in Europe, a billionaire
will have 1.5 to 3.5 billion in wealth OR the probability that, given a billionaire is located in the
United States, a billionaire will have 1.5 to 3.5 billion in wealth?
100. If Location of Billionaires and Wealth in Billions are independent, how many billionaires
would you expect would be located in Europe and have wealth of as much as 1.5 billion dollars,
rounded to the nearest whole person?
101. What is the probability of being a Mideastern billionaire or having wealth of 1.5 to 3.5
billion dollars?
102. What is the probability of having wealth of 3.5 to 5.5 dollars and being from Asia?
103. What is the probability of being one of the "poorest" billionaires or one of the "wealthiest"
billionaires?
104. What is the probability of being a billionaire in Europe or the United States?
105. Forty samples of size 800 were drawn from a manufacturing process and the number of
defectives in each sample was counted. The mean sample proportion was 0.035. The lower
control limit for the p chart is
106. When the results of a process are either defective or acceptable the charts used for SPC are
called
107. When no point lies outside the control limits of a chart, we conclude that variation in the
process is
9. 108. Variations in process output that are caused by a number of randomly occurring events that
are part of the production process are
109. Variations in output that are caused by specific temporary events such as machine
malfunction are
110. If each group has at least five observations, the distribution of the Kruskal-Wallis H is
111. How many runs are in the sequence TFTFFFFTTF?
112. The nonparametric counterpart of the randomized block model of the analysis of variance is
the
113. The Kruskal-Wallis test statistic can be approximated by a chi-squared distribution with c-1
degrees of freedom (where c is the number of populations) whenever the sample sizes are all
greater than or equal to:
114. For applications of the Kruskal-Wallis test, the alternative hypothesis to be tested is
115. My friend Linda is a real estate broker. She compared the asking price of homes in two
different communities to their corresponding selling prices. The purpose was to compare the
distribution of price ratios, asking to selling, in the two communities. Samples were selected
from each community using last years information. What would be her best nonparametric
method to analyze the data?
116. The Wilcoxon signed rank sum test statistic is approximately normally distributed whenever
the sample sizes are larger than:
117. The appropriate measure of central location of ordinal data is the:
118. The nonparametric counterpart of the parametric one-way analysis of variance F-test is the
119. Which of the following tests would be an example of a nonparametric method?
120. Statistical methods that require few assumptions, if any, about the population distribution
are known as:
121. The president of IU collected opinions from students about building a new basketball
stadium. Responses were classified by level of agreement and if the student was a member of the
10. Greek community or not. To see if the level of agreement depended on being a member of a
sorority or fraternity, the most appropriate test is:
122. The number of degrees of freedom in testing for normality is the
123. In testing a hypothesis using the χ2 test, the theoretical frequencies are based on the
124. In the chi-squared goodness-of-fit test, if the expected frequencies ei and the observed
frequencies ƒi were quite different, we would conclude that the
125. The sampling distribution of the test statistic for a goodness-of-fit test with k categories is
126. To calculate critical values for the chi-squared distribution, required information includes
127. If each observation can be classified into one of several mutually exclusive and collectively
exhaustive categories, the population is a
128. Which of the following models might be appropriate to describe a new product that has
experienced a rapid early growth rate followed by the inevitable leveling off?
129. The level of construction employment in the north is lowest during the winter. A model
designed to forecast construction employment in Traverse City Michigan should use
130. Which of the following statements is true?
131. In determining monthly seasonal indexes, the first step is to construct a centered moving
average with a period of
132. For which of the following values of the smoothing constant α will the smoothed series
catch up most quickly whenever the original time series changes direction?
133. Smoothing time series data by the moving average method or exponential smoothing
method is an attempt to remove the effect of the
134. Which of the following methods is appropriate for forecasting a time series when the trend,
cyclical, and seasonal components of the series are not significant?
135. If we want to measure the seasonal variations on stock market performance by quarter, we
would need
136. In exponentially smoothed time series, the smoothing constant α is chosen on the basis of
how much smoothing is required. In general, which of the following statements is true?
137. The term "seasonal variation" may refer to
138. Which of the four- time series component is more likely to exhibit the changes in stock
market prices at particular times during the course of one day?
11. 139. The time series component that reflects the irregular changes in a time series that are not
caused by any other component is called
140. A time series is
141. If the Durbin-Watson statistic, DW, has values greater than 2, this indicates
142. If the Durbin-Watson statistic has a value close to 0, which assumption is violated?
143. In explaining the income earned by college graduates, which of the following independent
variables is best represented by a dummy variable?
144. If a group of independent variables are not significant individually but are significant as a
group at a specified level of significance, this is most likely due to
145. Which of the following statements regardingmulticollinearity is not true?
146. As the p-value associated with the coefficient on Finance is 0.001, the null hypothesis of the
hypothesis test would be
147. Kunlakarn knows that GPA can never be negative, so she feels that a one-tailed test of the
coefficient on GPA is in order. What is the p-value associated with this test?
148. Could the salary offered to finance majors be $20,000 higher than that offered to other
majors?
149. The least squares regression line minimizes a certain value. Referring to the output above,
what is that minimized value?
150. Which of the following are ethical regression analysis behaviors?
151. According to the regression output, how much more could Wasiq ask if his home had two
more rooms?
152. What is the margin of error for a 95% confidence interval for the coefficient on Rooms from
this regression?
153. What sign should be on the correlation coefficient for this regression?
154. Two independent samples of 20 each from the male and female students of a large
university have been selected at random. To test for difference in the grade point average
between male and female students, the most likely ANOVA to fit this test situation is the
12. 155. Which of the following statistics from the ANOVA table do not have an additive
relationship?
156. If we want to conduct a test to determine whether a population mean is greater than another
population mean, we
157. Three tennis players, a beginner, an intermediate player, and an advanced player, were
randomly selected from the membership of the local YMCA. Using the same tennis ball, each
player hits ten serves, one with each of three racquet models, with the three racquet models
selected randomly. The speed of each serve is measured with a machine and the result recorded.
Among the ANOVA models listed below, the most likely model to fit this situation is the
158. The primary interest of designing a randomized block experiment is to
