This is about the definition, functions and theories of management.

1. ORGANIZATION &
MANAGEMENT 11
Maricel M. Songahid
Subject Teacher

2. Explain the meaning, functions,
types and theories of
management.

3. I. TRUE or FALSE Directions: Before each statement, write TRUE if the
statement is correct or FALSE if the statement is incorrect.
_____________ 1) Management is goal-oriented when they achieve specific
goals.
______________2) Management is a continuous process to operate as long
as there is organized action for the achievement of group goals.
______________3) Management is universal that has an unessential element
of every organized activity.
_____________ 4) Management is situational that there is the best way of
doing things and not to solve particular problems conditions and
situations.
_____________5) Management is multidisciplinary such as management
techniques, principles, and theories.

4. PICTURE
WHAT CAN YOU SAY
ABOUT THE GIVEN
SCENARIO?

5. MANAGEMENT
Management
defined by
Management
Guru’s

6. MANAGEMENT
Management
defined by
Management
Guru’s

7. BALANCING
ACT
A. Management is goal oriented: management is not an end in itself.
It is a means to achieve certain goals. Management has no
justification to exist without goals. Management goals are called
group goals or organizational goals. The basic goal of management
is to ensure efficiency and economy in the utilization of human,
physical and financial resources. Thus, the management is
purposeful.
B. Management is universal: Management is an essential element of
every organized activity irrespective of the size or the type of the
activity.

8. BALANCING
ACT
C. Management is continuous process: The cycle of the management
continues to operate as long as there is organized action for the
achievement of group goals. Management is an ongoing process and is
also a never ending process. Management is dynamic and the cycle is
continous.
D. Management is multi-disciplinary: Management techniques,
principles and theories are drawn from other disciplines such as
engineering, anthropology, sociology and psychology. It depends on wide
knowledge and practice derived from various discipline.
E. Management is intangible force: Management is evidenced by the
results of its efforts through others. Management is unseen and invisible
force. It can not be seen, but its presence can be felt in the form of results
in very type of organization.

9. BALANCING
ACT
F. Management is situational: There is no best way of doing things. To
solve a particular problems conditions and situations must be taken into
account.
G. Management is a system of authority: Management provides the
direction of every activity of an organization. Management forms system
of authority or a hierarchy of command to control the activities and give
smooth direction.
H. Management is both a science and an art: Science is a systematized
body of knowledge based on certain principles that are generally applied.
Scientific knowledge is observed through the process of critical and
continuous observation and intelligent speculation. Accordingly,
management as a science is based on principles instead of a traditional
way of doing things in trial and error method.

10. BALANCING
ACT
Evolution of management thought may be divided into
four stages:
1. Pre-scientific management period.
2. Classical Theory
a. Scientific Management of Taylor
b. Administrative Management of Fayol
c. Bureaucratic Model of Max Weber
3. Neo-classical Theory or Behavior Approach
4. Modern Theory or Systems Approach

11. BALANCING
ACT
Employees went to their work instead of receiving it, and so, the
factory system, as it is known today, become a dominant feature of
the economy. Under this system, land and buildings, hired labor, and
capital are made available to the entrepreneur, who strives to
combine these factors in the efficient achievement of a particular
goal. All these changes, in turn, brought about changes in the field of
management. Traditional, conventional or customary ideas of
management were slowly given up and management came to be
based on scientific principles. During the period following the
industrial revolution, certain pioneers tried to challenge the
traditional character of management by introducing new ideas and
character of management by introducing new ideas and approaches.

12. BALANCING
ACT
During this period, stalwarts like F.W. Taylor, H.L. Gantt, Emerson,
Frank and Lillian Gilberth etc., laid the foundation of management,
which in due course, came to be known as scientific management.
This epoch in the history of management will be remembered as an
era in which traditional ways of managing were challenged, past 9
management experience was scientifically systematized, and
principles of management were distilled and propagated. F.W. Taylor
and Henry Fayol are generally regarded as the founders of scientific
management and administrative management and both provided
the bases for science and art of management.

13. BALANCING
ACT
.
1. It was closely associated with the industrial revolution and the rise
of largescale enterprise.
2. Classical organization and management theory is based on
contributions from a number of sources. They are scientific
management, Administrative management theory, bureaucratic
model, and micro-economics and public administration.
3. Management thought focused on job content division of labor,
standardization, simplification and specialization and scientific
approach towards organization.

14. BALANCING
ACT
Neo-classical Theory is built on the base of classical
theory. It modified, improved and extended the classical
theory. Classical theory concentrated on job content and
management of physical resources whereas, neoclassical
theory gave greater emphasis to individual and group
relationship in the workplace. The neo-classical theory
pointed out the role of psychology and sociology in the
understanding of individual and group. Behavior in an
organization.

15. BALANCING
ACT
Hawthorne Experiment:
In 1927, a group of researchers led by Elton Mayo and Fritz
Roethlisberger of the Harvard Business School were invited to
join in the studies at the Hawthorne Works of Western Electric
Company, Chicago. The experiment lasted up to 1932. The
Hawthorne Experiments brought out that the productivity of the
employees is not the function of only physical conditions of
work and money wages paid to them. Productivity of employees
depends heavily upon the satisfaction of the employees in their
work situation. Mayo's idea was that logical factors were far less
important than emotional factors in determining productivity
efficiency

16. BALANCING
ACT
The systems approach to management indicates the
fourth major theory of management thought called
modern theory. Modern theory considers an
organization as an adaptive system which has to adjust
to changes in its environment. An organization is now
defined as a structured process in which individuals
interact for attaining objectives.

17. BALANCING
ACT
Meaning of "System"
The word system is derived from the Greek word meaning to bring
together or to combine. A system is a set of interconnected and inter-
related elements or component parts to achieve certain goals. A
system has three significant parts:
1. Every system is goal-oriented and it must have a purpose or
objective to be attained.
2. In designing the system we must establish the necessary
arrangement of components.
3. Inputs of information, material and energy are allocated for
processing as per plan so that the outputs can achieve the objective of
the system.

18. BALANCING
ACT
Systems Approach Applied to an Organization:
When systems approach is applied to organization, we have the
following features of an organization as an open adaptive
system:-
1. It is a sub-system of its broader environment.
2. It is a goal-oriented – people with a purpose.
3. It is a technical subsystem – using knowledge, techniques,
equipment and facilities.
4. It is a structural subsystem – people working together on
interrelated activities.
5. It is a psychosocial system – people in social relationships.
6. It is co-ordinate by a managerial sub system, creating, planning,
organizing, motivating, communicating and controlling the overall
efforts directed towards set goals.

19. BALANCING
ACT
Characteristics of Modern Management Thought:
The Systems Approach: An organization as a system has
five basic parts :
1. Input (materials, manpower, machines, method)
2. Process (Transformation or conversion process)
3. Output (final product, distribution)
4. Feedback ( monitoring & evaluation)
5.Environment (physical, economic, social, cultural,
political and technological factors)

20. SET A.
Directions: You have
to fill in the graphic
organizer chart to
generalize the thing
you have learned
about the topic Write
your answer in a blank
sheet of paper.

21. PICTURE
SET B.
Direction: Study the pictures below, identify what type of management theory is
applied.
1. 2. 3. 4.

22. QUIZ Directions: Choose the letter corresponding to the correct answer for each of the
questions provided below.
1. Brought out that the productivity of the employees is not the function of
only physical conditions of work and money wages paid to them.
Productivity of employees depends heavily upon the satisfaction of the
employees in their work situation.
a. Hawthorne Experiment b. Multilevel and Multidimensional
c. Contingency Theory d. Classical Theory
2. Is a vital aspect of the economic life of man, which is an organized group
activity. A central directing and controlling agency are indispensable for a
business concern.
a. Directing b. Management c. Organization d. Controlling

23. 3. Management is an essential element of every organized activity irrespective
of the size or the type of the activity.
a. Management is goal oriented b. Management is universal
b. c. Management is continuous process d. Management is multi-
disciplinary
4. "Management is the art of getting things done through people." according
to ________________________.
a. Peter Drucker b. Mary Parker Follet c. Harold Koontz d. F.W. Taylor
5. Management is an essential element of every organized activity irrespective
of the size or the type of the activity.
a. Management is universal b. Management is goal-oriented
b. c. Management is continuous process d. Management is multi-
disciplinary

24. ASSIGNMENT
Directions: Write an essay “My Personal Management
Theory Preference “
Write a 1-page essay minimum of 2
paragraphs stating your most preferred management
theories and why you prefer to choose so?
Please write your essay in a 1 whole sheet of paper.

25. ASSIGNMENT
Directions: Choose the letter corresponding to the correct answer for each of the
questions provided below.

26. ASSIGNMENT
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