Ct anatomy of abdomen

CT ANATOMY OF ABDOMEN
MAAJID MOHI UD DIN MALIK
LECTURER COPMS ADESH UNIVERSITY
BATHINDA PUNJAB
MAAJIDMALIKOFFICIAL@GMAIL.COM

INTRODUCTION
 The abdomen (commonly called the belly) is the body space between the thorax
(chest) and pelvis. The diaphragm forms the upper surface of the abdomen. At
the level of the pelvic bones, the abdomen ends and the pelvis begins.
 The abdomen contains all the digestive organs, including the stomach, small and
large intestines, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder. These organs are held together
loosely by connecting tissues (mesentery) that allow them to expand and to slide
against each other. The abdomen also contains the kidneys and spleen.

CONTINUE
Many important blood vessels travel through the abdomen,
including the aorta, inferior vena cava, and dozens of their
smaller branches. In the front, the abdomen is protected by a
thin, tough layer of tissue called fascia. In front of the fascia
are the abdominal muscles and skin. In the rear of the
abdomen are the back muscles and spine.

CONTINUE

ABDOMEN
Boundaries: anterolateral and posterior abdominal walls,
diaphragm, pelvic inlet.
Contents: stomach, small intestine, large intestine, vermiform
appendix, pancreas, spleen, liver, gallbladder, kidneys,
ureters, adrenal glands

BLOODSUPPLY
Abdomen: celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, middle
suprarenal arteries, renal arteries, inferior mesenteric artery,
inferior phrenic artery and lumbar arteries; inferior vena
cava, hepatic portal vein

INNERVATION
Abdomen: vagus nerve (CN X), prevertebral ganglia, lower
thoracic, pelvic and lumbar splanchnic nerves; they form
plexuses: myenteric, celiac, superior mesenteric, inferior
mesenteric, superior hypogastric and inferior hypogastric
plexuses.

REGIONS OF THE ABDOMEN
The regions of the abdomen are theoretical divisions used by
clinicians to help localize, identify and diagnose a patients
symptoms. There are two main forms of categorization, the
first which is simpler and is mapped out by dividing
the abdomen into four quadrants, while the second method
divides it into nine segments.

NINE REGION SCHEME
Principle: two vertical midclavicular lines (left and right)
cross two horizontal: subcostal (through lower edge of 10th
costal cartilage) and transtubercular (through tubercles of
iliac crests) -> nine segments: right and left hypochondrium,
epigastrium, right and left lumbar regions, umbilical region,
right and left inguinal regions, hypogastrium

SEGMENTS
 Right hipochondrium
 Epigastrium
 Left hipochondrium
 Right lumbar
 Umbilical
 Left lumbar
 Right inguinal
 Hypogastrium
 Left inguinal

LEFT HYPOCHONDRIACREGION
The left hypochondriac
region contains:
The stomach
The top of the left lobe of
the liver
The left kidney
The spleen
The tail of the pancreas
Parts of the small intestine
The transverse colon
The descending colon

RIGHTHYPOCHONDRIAC REGION
The right hypochondriac region contains:
 The liver
 The gallbladder
 The small intestine
 The ascending colon
 The transverse colon
 The right kidney

EPIGASTRIC REGION
The epigastric region contains:
 The esophagus
 The stomach
 The liver
 The spleen
 The pancreas
 The right and left kidneys
 The right and left ureters
 The right and left suprarenal
glands
 The small intestine
 The transverse colon

LEFT LUMBAR REGION
The left lumbar region contains:
A portion of the small intestine
A part of the descending colon
The tip of the left kidney

RIGHTLUMBAR REGION
The right lumbar region contains:
The tip of the liver
The gallbladder
The small intestine
The ascending colon
The right kidney

UMBILICAL REGION
The umbilical region
contains:
The stomach
The pancreas
The transverse colon
The right and left kidneys
The right and left ureters
The cisterna chyli

LEFT INGUINAL REGION
The left inguinal region contains:
Part of the small intestine
The descending colon
The sigmoid colon
The left ovary and the left fallopian tube in females.

RIGHTINGUINAL REGION
The right inguinal region contains:
The appendix
The cecum
The ascending colon
The right ovary and right fallopian tube in females

HYPOGASTRIC REGION
The hypogastric region
contains:
The sigmoid colon
The rectum
The urinary bladder
The right and left ureters
The uterus, the right and
left ovaries and the
fallopian tubes can be
found in females
The vas deferens, the
seminal vesicle and
the prostate can be found in
males

AXIAL SECTIONS OF CT ABDOMEN

1, Right lung. 2, Right hepatic vein. 3, Liver. 4, Left hepatic
vein. 5, Stomach. 6, Left colic flexure (splenic flexure of the
colon). 7, Spleen. 8, Left lung. 9, Aorta.

1, Right lung. 2, Aorta. 3, Left lung. 4, Left adrenal. 5, Spleen. 6, Splenic
artery. 7, Colon. 8, Portal vein. 9, Hepatic vein. 10, Liver.

1, Diaphragm. 2, Aorta. 3, Left adrenal. 4, Top of the left
kidney. 5, Spleen. 6, Splenic artery. 7, Colon. 8, Stomach. 9, Portal
vein. 10, Liver. 11, Rib.

1, Inferior vena cava. 2, Liver. 3, Right adrenal. 4, Diaphragmatic
crus. 5, Abdominal aorta. 6, Left adrenal. 7, Left
kidney. 8, Spleen. 9, Pancreas. 10, Colon. 11, Portal vein.

1, Inferior vena cava. 2, Right kidney. 3, Abdominal
aorta. 4, Superior mesenteric artery. 5, Left kidney. 6, Small
bowel. 7, Colon. 8, Portal vein. 9, Liver.

1, Inferior vena cava. 2, Right kidney. 3, Origin of the right renal
artery. 4, Aorta. 5, Left kidney. 6, Left colon. 7, Superior mesenteric
artery. 8, Superior mesenteric vein. 9, Gallbladder. 10, Liver.

Atlas of CT Anatomy of the Abdomen. Axial reconstruction.
1, Inferior vena cava. 2, Right kidney. 3, Aorta. 4, Left kidney. 5, Left colon. 6, Superior
mesenteric artery. 7, Superior mesenteric vein. 8, Gallbladder. 9, Liver.

1, Gallbladder. 2, Liver. 3, Inferior vena cava. 4, Right
kidney. 5, Aorta. 6, Left kidney. 7, Left colon. 8, Superior mesenteric
artery. 9, Superior mesenteric vein.

1, Transverse colon. 2, Liver. 3, Right kidney. 4, Inferior vena
cava. 5, Aorta. 6, Lower pole of the left kidney. 7, Left
colon. 8, Rectus abdominis muscle.

1, Rectus abdominis muscle. 2, Liver. 3, Right kidney. 4, Inferior vena cava. 5, Vertebral
canal. 6, Aorta. 7, External oblique muscle. 8, Internal oblique muscle. 9, Transversus
abdominis muscle. 10, Small intestine.

1, Small intestine. 2, Colon. 3, Liver. 4, Inferior vena cava. 5, Psoas
muscle. 6, Aorta. 7, External oblique muscle. 8, Internal oblique
muscle. 9, Transversus abdominis muscle. 10, Rectus abdominis muscle.

CORONAL SECTIONS OF ABDOMEN

1, Heart. 2, Right
lung. 3, Liver. 4, Gallbladder. 5, Colon. 6, Rib. 7, Left
lung.

1, Right lung. 2, Portal
vein. 3, Liver. 4, Caecum. 5, Bladder. 6, Sigmoid colon. 7, Small
bowel. 8, Colon. 9, Heart.

1, Right lung. 2, Portal vein. 3, Liver. 4, Right
colon. 5, Bladder. 6, Sigmoid colon. 7, Small
intestine. 8, Superior mesenteric vein. 9, Heart.

1, Heart. 2, Stomach. 3, Small bowel. 4, Left colon. 5, Left superficial femoral
artery. 6, Left superficial femoral vein. 7, Pubic symphysis. 8, Bladder. 9, Right
colon 10, Right kidney. 11, Liver. 12, Hepatic vein. 13, Right lung.

1, Heart. 2, Left kidney. 3, Colic tumor. 4, Psoas muscle. 5, Iliac
wing. 6, Rectum. 7, Bladder. 8, Gluteus medius muscle. 9, Gluteus
minimus muscle. 10, Right kidney. 11, Liver. 12, Right lung.

1, Left lung. 2, Left colon. 3, Left kidney. 4, Psoas muscle. 5, Acetabulum. 6, Obturator
internus muscle. 7, Obturator externus muscle. 8, Gluteus medius muscle. 9, Gluteus
minimus muscle. 10, Right kidney. 11, Liver. 12, Aorta. 13, Right lung.

1, Right lung. 2, Aorta. 3, Spleen. 4, Left kidney. 5, Gluteus maximus
muscle. 6, Greater trochanter. 7, Anal
canal. 8, Ischium. 9, Rectum. 10, Sacroiliac
joint. 11, Diaphragm. 12, Thoracic spine.

SAGITTAL SECTIONS OF CT ABDOMEN

1, Left lung. 2, Spleen. 3, Colon. 4, Colic tumor. 5, Iliac wing. 6, Gluteus
medius muscle. 7, Gluteus minimus muscle. 8, Gluteus maximus
muscle. 9, Sartorius muscle. 10, Left femur.

1, Left lung. 2, Spleen. 3, Left kidney. 4, Gluteus medius
muscle. 5, Gluteus maximus muscle. 6, Small
bowel. 7, Colon. 8, Acetabulum. 9, Femoral head.

1, Left lung. 2, Spleen. 3, Left kidney. 4, Psoas
muscle. 5, Femoral head. 6, Acetabulum. 7, Colon. 8, Small
bowel. 9, Stomach. 10, Liver. 11, Heart.

1, Heart. 2, Liver. 3, Rectus abdominis muscle. 4, Left
lung. 5, Stomach. 6, Psoas muscle.

1, Aorta. 2, Psoas muscle. 3, Iliac
artery. 4, Bladder. 5, Liver. 6, Heart.

1, Aorta. 2, Vertebral body. 3, Spinous process. 4, Intervertebral
disc. 5, Sacrum. 6, Rectum. 7, Bladder. 8, Liver. 9, Heart.

1, Vertebral body (Thoracic spine). 2, Spinous process. 3, Aorta. 4, Vertebral body
(lumbar spine, L1). 5, Intervertebral disc. 6, Sacrum. 7, Rectum. 8, Bladder. 9, Small
bowel. 10, Hepatic vein. 11, Liver. 12, Heart.

Ct anatomy of abdomen

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