Plant Manufacturing and Building Facilities Engineering

1. L | C | LOGISTICS
PLANT MANUFACTURING AND BUILDING FACILITIES EQUIPMENT
Engineering-Book
ENGINEERING FUNDAMENTALS AND HOW IT WORKS
MECHANICS FIRE FIGHTING
September 2014
Supply Chain Manufacturing & DC Facilities Logistics Operations Planning Management
Expertise in Process Engineering Optimization Solutions & Industrial Engineering Projects Management

2. Fire Fighting
A fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection measure, consisting of a water supply
system, providing adequate pressure and flow rate to a water distribution piping system,
onto which fire sprinklers are connected
A glass bulb type sprinkler head will spray water into the room if
sufficient heat reaches the bulb and causes it to shatter. Sprinkler
heads operate individually. Note the red liquid alcohol in the glass
bulb

3. Fire Fighting
In a standard wet-pipe sprinkler system, each sprinkler activates independently when the
predetermined heat level is reached. Because of this, the number of sprinklers that
operate is limited to only those near the fire (in reality, normally one or two will activate),
thereby maximizing the available water pressure over the point of fire origin. This also
minimizes the water damage to the building.
A typical sprinkler used for industrial manufacturing occupancies discharge about 75-150
litres/min (20-40 US gallons/min). However, a typical Early Suppression Fast Response
(ESFR) sprinkler at a pressure of 50 psi (340 kPa) will discharge approximately 100 US
gallons per minute (0.0063 m3/s)
A sprinkler activation will do less damage than a fire department hose stream, which
provide approximately 900 liters/min (250 US gallons/min)

4. Fire Fighting
The type of fire alarm initiating device is selected mainly based on the hazard (e.g.,
smoke detectors, heat detectors, or optical flame detectors). The initiation device
signals the fire alarm panel, which in turn signals the deluge valve to open
To prevent the water supply pressure from forcing water into the piping, a deluge valve is
used in the water supply connection, which is a mechanically latched valve. It is a non-resetting
valve, and stays open once tripped
Activation of a fire alarm initiating device, or a manual pull station, signals the fire alarm
panel, which in turn signals the deluge valve to open, allowing water to enter the piping
system. Water flows from all sprinklers simultaneously
Analog addressable detectors provide information about the
amount of smoke in their detection area, so that the fire alarm
control panels can decide itself, if there is an alarm condition in
that area

5. Fire Fighting
All smoke detectors must be hooked directly to the electrical
wiring, be interconnected and have a battery backup
In addition, smoke detectors are required either inside or
outside every bedroom
Smoke detectors on the outside will detect fires more quickly,
assuming the fire does not begin in the bedroom
but the sound of the alarm will be reduced and may not wake
some people
Some areas also require smoke detectors in stairways, main
hallways and garages

6. Fire Fighting
A heat detector is a fire alarm device designed to respond
when the convected thermal energy of a fire increases the
temperature of a heat sensitive element
The most common fixed temperature point for electrically
connected heat detectors is 136.4°F (58°C) and 117°F (47°C
Hydraulic calculation is the fire safety practice of calculating the flow of liquids through a
medium (usually a piping network) to ensure that fires could be extinguished
for a Light Hazard office is .1/1500, " 0.1 GPM per square foot is required to fall from the
fire sprinklers onto the fire over the most remote 1,500 square feet (140 m2) of area, which
is the maximum expected size of a fire in this Light Hazard building area.“
for a warehouse type "big box" store that has higher flammability items stored on racks to
twenty feet high is .6/2000. " 0.6 GPM per square foot is required to fall from the fire
sprinklers onto the fire over the most remote 2,000 square feet

7. Fire Fighting
The water available is verified by means of a water flow test (opening a fire hydrant and
recording the water pressures and gallons flow per minute).
A fire pump is a part of a fire sprinkler system's water
supply and can be powered by electric, diesel or steam
The pump intake is either connected to the public
underground water supply piping, or a static water
source
A jockey pump is connected to a fire sprinkler
system and is intended to maintain pressure in
a fire protection piping system to an artificially
high level so that the operation of a single fire
sprinkler will cause a pressure drop which will
be sensed by the fire pump automatic
controller, causing the fire pump to start

8. Fire Fighting
A Fire Alarm Control Panel receives information from
environmental sensors designed to detect changes
associated with fire, monitors their operational integrity and
provides for automatic control of equipment, and transmission
of information necessary to prepare the facility for fire
The panel may also
supply electrical energy
to operate any
associated sensor,
control, transmitter, or
relay

9. Fire Fighting
Alarm Also known as "Fire" or "General Alarm“ This indicator is lit when an alarm condition
exists in the system, initiated by smoke detectors, heat detectors, sprinkler flow switches,
manual pull stations, manual call points,
Along with the indicator on the panel, notification appliances, such as horns and strobes,
are also activated, signaling a need to evacuate to building occupants
In an alarm condition, the fire alarm panel indicates where the alarm originated, and can be
reset once the device which initiated the alarm is reset, such as returning the handle of a
manual pull station to its normal position
Supervisory This signal indicates that a portion of the building's fire protection system has
been disabled (such as a fire sprinkler control valve being closed and, consequently, a
sprinkler tamper switch being activated), or, less frequently, that a lower priority initiating
device has been triggered (such as a duct smoke detector).
the supervisory point may be latching, meaning the panel must be reset to clear the
supervisory condition, or non-latching, meaning the indicator automatically goes out when
the condition has cleared

10. Supervisory Switches
The nerve centers of a fire sprinkler system are the switches and valves that control the
entire system
System Sensor offers a variety of choices for supervising system control valves
Regardless of valve type (outside screw valve monitoring and yoke, post indicator, butterfly,
or non-rising stem gate valve),
Supervisory Switches models provide the peace of mind that comes from knowing that
the system’s control valves are being monitored
PIBV (Post Indicator/Butterfly Valve) Supervisory Switch

11. L | C | LOGISTICS
PLANT MANUFACTURING AND BUILDING FACILITIES EQUIPMENT
Engineering-Book
ENGINEERING FUNDAMENTALS AND HOW IT WORKS
MECHANICS FIRE FIGHTING
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