About Sexual Abuse and the Laws. This topic came from the book I hope that it will help you for the discussions.

1. Policy Cyber Crime
by: Petter Gottschalk
Presented by: Group 2

2. Topics to Discuss
3. Child Grooming Case
3.1 Online Offenders
3.2 Internet characteristics
3.3 Internet Relationship
3.4 Grooming Legislation

3. Child Grooming Case

4. Child Grooming Case
• The case of child grooming as computer crime
• 9-19 age young people are accessed from the Internet in one
day.
• Internet provides the opportunity to interact with friends on
social networking sites.
• Myspace and Bebo are websites for enable to access
information for the young people.
• There is increasing evidence that the Internet is used by some
adults to access children and young people in order to groom
them for the purpose of sexual abuse.

5. Child Grooming Case
• What is Child Grooming?
Child grooming is befriending and establishing an emotional
connection with a child, and sometimes the family, to lower
the child's inhibitions with the object of sexual abuse.
• Ex. Family, friends, etc.

7. Child Grooming Case
• Myspace - is a social
networking sites offering an
interactive, user-submitted
network of friends, personal
profiles, blogs, groups,
photos, music, and videos.

8. Child Grooming Case
• Bebo - is a social networking
website launched in 2005. It
now describes itself as "a
company that dreams up
ideas for fun social apps;" Joe
Mbu, the man behind the
Bebo relaunch, has confirmed
that the site will not be
returning as a social network
but as a company that makes
social apps.

9. Online Offenders

10. Online Offenders
• Recent advance in computer technology
have been aiding sexual sex offenders,
stalkers, child pornographers, child
traffickers, and others with the intent of
exploiting children (Kierkegraad, 2008:41).
• Men who target young people online for
sex are pedophiles (Kierkegraad, 2008;
Wolak et al., 2008).
• According to Dunaigre (2001), the
pedophile is an emblematic figure, made
into caricature and imbued with all the
fears.

11. Online Offenders
• According to Davidson and Martellozo (2008: 227), internet sex
offender behavior can include: “the construction of sites to be
used for the exchange of information, experiences, and
indecent images of children; the organization of criminal
activities that seek to use children for prostitution purposes and
that produce indecent images of children at professional level;
the organization of criminal activities that promote sexual
tourism”.

12. Internet Characteristics

13. Internet Characteristics
• Internet is an international network of networks that connects
people all over the world.
• The internet has created a universal technology platform on
which to build all sorts of new products, services communities
and solutions.
• The internet has provided an expedient mode of communication
and access to a wealth of information.
- (Dombrowski et al., 2007)

14. Internet Characteristics
• Internet has moved from a strange communication medium to
an obvious tool in our homes, schools, workplaces and travels.
• Searching information, perform routine task and communicate
with others.
• Developing same speed as number of users globally.
- (Quayle et al., 2006)

15. Internet Characteristics
• The WWW is a system with universally accepted standards of
storing, retrieving, formatting, changing and displaying
information.
• Web pages can be viewed by any type of computer.

16. Internet Characteristics
• 78% of the respondents said that involve in chatting, 8-17 yrs
old.
• 9% have been plagued while chatting.
• 1/3 has first met with person in reality while chatting.
- (Medietilsynet, 2008).

17. Internet Characteristics
• The internet is a valuable tool; however, it can also detrimental to the
wellbeing of children due to numerous online hazards
- (Dombrowski et al., 2007: 153).

18. Internet Relationships

19. Internet relationship
• The internet is a special artifact system that has enormous
technical and social positive impacts on modern society
(Kierkegaard, 2008: 41).
the online environment enables access to a wealth of
information and communication across both distance and time.
there is a vast amount of data available on virtually every subject,
making it an effective learning tool

20. Internet relationship
• However, the internet is also a double-edge sword with negative
and positive consequences (Kierkegaard, 2008: 41).
It has a potential for misuse and has generated social
concerns. Today, the danger for children is even greater because
the Internet provides anonymity to predators.

21. Internet relationship
• In the other hand, the internet is not all negative concerning
sexual communication (Caldar, 2004: 3).
it can be used for sexual expression.
• Relationships are built using software. Conversations using
social software are collectively referred to as social media, a
wide-ranging terms than encompasses the practice and
resulting output of all kinds of information created online by
those who were previous consumers of that media (Cook, 2008:
7).

22. Internet relationship
• Philosophically, social media describes the way in which
content has become democratized by the Internet and the role
people now play not only in consuming information and
conveying it to others, but also in creating and sharing content
with them, be it textual, aural or visual.

23. Grooming Legislation

24. Grooming Legislation
• Sexual offences Act(2003)
• Section 15: meeting a child following sexual grooming
- this applies to the internet, to other technologies such as mobile
phones and to the real world
• Protection of Children and Prevention of Sexual Offences Act (2005)
- meeting a child following certain preliminary contact
• Section 1: Preliminary Contact
- refers to occasions where a person arranges to meet a child who is
under 16, having communicated with them on at least previous occasions.

25. Grooming Legislation
• General Civil Penal Code (“staffeloven”) 2007- the relevant sections
concerned with sexual offenders
• Section 195: any person who engages in sexual activity with a child who is
under 14 years of age shall be liable to imprisonment for a term not
exceed to 10 years.
• Section 196: any person who engages in sexual activity with a child who is
under 16 years of age shall not be liable to imprisonment for a term not
exceed to 5 years.

26. Grooming Legislation
• Section 201a: the new grooming section