Health and safety training essentials

The State
Sanitary Inspection
The State
Labour
Inspection
DEPARTMENT OF
WORK:
 Health and
Safety Service
 Social Work
Inspection
 Health and
Safety
Commission
The State
fire brigade
Safety oversight is exercised and working conditions
internal and external supervisors
Technical
Inspection
Office

Ministry of Health and Safety
The employer who hires more than 100 employees
has the obligation to establish occupational health
and safety (OHS) body as its advisory and control
body.
An employer who employs up to 100 workers
entrusts the occupational health and safety tasks to
employee performing other work, and possessing
the training necessary to perform the duties of the
occupational health and safety body.
If the employer has the training necessary to
perform the duties of the occupational health and
safety body, can perform the same tasks of this
service on his own.
The employer may entrust the performance of the
tasks of this service specialists from outside the
workplace.

HEALTH
AND SAFETY
The essence of health and safety
Determinants of health and safety
Safeguard measures
Assessment and risk minimization Training
Working environment
Regulations
DEFINITION OF HEALTH AND SAFETY
1. Set of conditions that must be maintained so that people can work safely, i.e. without incident and without harm to health
2. Team projects covering all the action and not involved in the measures preventing injuries (accidents during work)
3. State of conditions and the organization of work and behavior of employees to provide the required level of protection of health
and life from hazards in the workplace.

The employer is obliged, in particular to:
 Provide a safe and healthy working conditions, making appropriate
use of science and technology achievements,
 Organize work in a way that ensures a safe and healthy working
conditions,
 Ensure compliance with plant safety rules and regulations,
 Ensure the execution of orders, speeches, decisions and orders
issued by the supervisory authorities of working conditions
 Ensure the implementation of the recommendations of the social
labor inspector
The employer and the person in charge of
the employees are responsible for
knowing the rules of labor protection,
including health and safety regulations
and rules
The employer is responsible
for the quantity of health and safety at the plant

Duties of employers
Providing machinery, equipment and tools that meet the requirements of health and safety
 Machinery and equipment shall:
- Ensure safe and healthy working conditions
- Take into account the principles of ergonomics,
 Machinery presenting hazards should be equipped
with adequate security
 It is unacceptable to equip works in machinery and
other equipment that does not meet the
requirements of conformity assessment
 Working tools should respect the principles of
ergonomics and provide safe conditions for use
NOTE!
Designer and Producer are responsible, if designed and
manufactured machines do not meet safety requirements.

Duties of employers
Ensuring safety in case of use of materials, substances and dangerous processes
It is unacceptable to use:
 Materials, substances, preparations and processes
without pre-determination of their harmfulness and to
take preventive measures,
 Chemical substances and preparations which are not
marked in such a way that their identification is
possible,
 Dangerous substances and preparations without having
a list of these substances and safety data sheets.
Use of dangerous substances and preparations is acceptable only, if there are applied
meaures that ensure that workers health and life are being protected

Duties of employers
Ensuring the safety of workers in terms of exposure to carcinogens
The employer who hires employee exposed to the
affection of substances and carcinogens should replace
them with substances and factors that are less harmful
to health or to use other available means limiting the
exposure, making appropriate use of scientific and
technological achievements.
 The employer must keep records of all work with
substances and carcinogenic factors, as well as
substances and factors of probable carcinogens, set
out in the list.
 It is estimated that factors in the working
environment cause up to tens of percent (up to
30%) of the total registered yearly cancers.
NOTE!
In Poland, it is unacceptable to
use dangerous substances or
preparations without having the
safety data sheet.

Cloths, footwear and personal protection
Basic obligations of the employer
It is obligatory to provide the employee with free clothing and
footwear, if:
- employee's own clothing may be damaged or very dirty,
- is necessary due to the technical requirements, health and
safety and health at work
 Provide the employee with free personal protective
equipment necessary to protect the worker from the
effects of hazardous and harmful work environment factors.
 Inform the employee how to use the PPE for providing
effective protection against threats.

DUTIES OF PERSONS MANAGING EMPLOYEES

RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE PERSON IN CHARGE OF THE STAFF
 Enforce compliance by staff
regulations and rules of
occupational health and safety,
 Ensure the implementation of the
recommendations of a physician
responsible for health-care of
workers.
 Know in the scope necessary to carry out its obligations, labor
protection law, including the provisions and principles of
occupational health and safety matters,
 Organize work, according to the provisions and principles of
occupational health and safety matters,
 Take care of personal protective equipment efficiency and their
use, as intended,
 Organize, prepare and conduct the work, taking into account the
protection of workers against accidents at work, related to the
conditions of the working environment,
 Take care of safe and hygienic condition of the work premises
and technical equipment, as well as the efficiency of collective
protection measures and their use, as intended,

RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF EMPLOYEE

Employee Responsibilities
Compliance and health and safety is the primary responsibility of the employee
In particular, the employee is obliged to:
 Know the rules and principles of safety and health at
work, take part in the training and instruction in this area
as well as pass the required examinations,
 Carry out work in a manner consistent with the
provisions and principles of safety and published in this
area commands and instructions of superiors,
 Take care of the proper condition of machinery, tools and
equipment and tidiness in the workplace,
 Use collective protection measures, as well as use
personal protective equipment allocated, clothing and
footwear for their intended purpose,
 Undergo initial and periodic inspection and other
prescribed medical examination, follow up medical
indication,
 Immediately notify the supervisor noticed a
workplace accident or a threat to human life
or health, and warn colleagues and other
persons in the area of danger, of impending
danger,
 Cooperate with the employer and
supervisors in fulfilliment of obligations
related to health and safety

1. The employee has the right to refrain from work, inform
immediately supervisor that:
 Working conditions do not conform the safety (create an
immediate danger to life and health of the employee or
 Work done by him is a danger that threatens other
people.
2. If refraining from performing work does not eliminate the
threat, the employee has the right to move away from
danger, immediately notifying a supervisor.
3. The employee has the right, after notifying
superior, to refrain from performing work which
requires special medical fitness, when his
psychophysical condition does not provide a safe
working practices and poses a threat to others.
List of work requiring special medical fitness is set
out in the Annex to Regulation Ministry of Labour
of 28 May 1996. - Journal. Law No. 5, item. 287
NOTE!
For time to refrain from performing work or
themselves from danger, in the cases referred to
in point. 1 and 2, the worker retains the right to
remuneration.
NOTE!
The rights referred to in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3
do not apply to an employee whose duty Staff is
to save lives or property.

Medical examinations
Preliminary medical examination:
 Hired person,
 Young persons transferred to other workplaces,
 Employees transferred to posts where there are
factors harmful to health or a nuisance conditions.
Periodic medical examinations:
 All employees,
 Employees working in conditions of exposure and
carcinogens or dust fibrosis, included by:
- Cessation of work in contact with these substances,
factors, dust,
- Termination of employment, if the interested party
requests such examinations.
Medical examination:
 Employees of the incapacity for work for more than 30 days
due to illness,
EMPLOYER shall bear the costs of medical examinations and other
costs of preventative health care workers, necessary due to the
working conditions.

Ochrona pracy kobietPROTECTION OF
WORKING WOMEN

Protection of women's work
To protect the health of pregnant women and to ensure the
proper care of the child there exists:
 Prohibition of employment of pregnant women in the
dimension of daily excess of more than eight hours,
overtime and night
 Prohibition posting a pregnant woman without her consent,
except permanent place of work
 Obligation to transfer a pregnant woman to another job if in
the state of pregnancy woman should not perform the
existing work
 The right to maternity and parental leave
 The right for breaks for „feeding the baby”
 Prohibition of employment of women taking care of a child
under the age of 4 years, without her consent, in the
dimension of daily excess of more than eight hours,
overtime and night

Health care of pregnant women and to ensure the proper care of
the child are:
 The ban on posting women taking care of a child under the
age of 4, without her consent, except permanent place of
work (art. 178 of the Labour Code),
 The right to parental leave free childcare (art. 186 of the
Labour Code),
 Entitled to exemption from work for 2 days in a year for
women raising children under the age of 14 years (art. 188 of
the Labour Code)
These powers can be also used by an employee - man, with the
exception that in case both parents or guardians are employed –
in that case the powers can only use one of them.

Specification
Standards for women who are in a
pregnancy or breast-feeding
Standards for non-pregnant women
and breast-feeding
Manual lifting and carrying loads on
a flat surface
 3 kg (permanent
employment)
 5 kg (casual work - up to 4
times per hour during the
shift)
 12 kg (permanent
employment)
 20 kg (casual work)
Manually moving uphill (the ramps,
stairs)
 2 kg (permanent
employment)
 3.75 kg (casual work)
 8 kg (permanent
employment)
 15 kg (casual work)
Carrying a wheelbarrow  12,5 kg  50 kg
Transporting wheelchair
2, 3, 4-Wheel
 20 kg  80 kg
Wheelchair carrying rails  75 kg  300 kg
NOTE: Weights listed in Table 3-5 points
also include mass transport device

Rights related to parenthood
Pregnant employees may not be employed:
 In overtime,
 At night,
 For periodic work
 Delegation without her consent, except
permanent place of work
Imposes the same obligation on the employer,
when medical contraindications to perform
the current work by a pregnant employee or
breast-feeding a child resulting from a medical
certificate.
Employee - it can be both mother and father -
taking care of the child up to 4 years of age
are not allowed without its consent:
 In overtime,
 At night,
 For periodic work
 Neither delegate outside regular workplace
Note:
Pregnancy shall be confirmed by a medical
certificate.

Identyfikacja, analiza i ocena zagrożeń
czynnikami szkodliwymi dla zdrowia,
uciążliwymi i niebezpiecznymi
oraz ocena ryzyka związanego z tymi zagrożeniami
Identification, analysis and assessment of risks factors
harmful and dangerous, and
assessment of the risks associated with these hazards

In this chapter you will be familiar with the subject:
 Risk assessment
 Factors harmful and dangerous nuisance occurring in the work
process
 Threat Assessment harmful agent, dangerous and methods of
preventing or reducing

Ocena ryzyka zawodowego
Risk assessment

Analysis of the job (process technology, equipment, work organization, etc.)
Establish a list of harmful factors, arduous and dangerous occurring at a particular job
Determination of research methods and measurements of work environment factors occurring at a particular job
Testing and measuring work environment factors occurring at a particular job
Comparison of the results of tests and measurements with the standards set out in the relevant legislation and Polish
Standards (NDS, NDN and other requirements)
All norms fulfilled Norms unfulfilled
Occupational risk assessment scheme

Taking into
account the
specifics of the
company
Risk assessment
Characteristics of a good method of risk assessment
The possibility
of computer-
aided
Risk assessment
method
Transparency
documenting
the results of
the work
The usefulness
of the method
to draw
conclusions

Czynniki szkodliwe, uciążliwe
i niebezpieczne występujące
w procesie pracy
Factors harmful and dangerous nuisance occurring in the
work process

Harmful and annoying factors
Physical
• Noise
• Factors working environment
vibration (vibration)
• radiation (ionizing, infrared,
ultraviolet, laser)
• electromagnetic field
• static electricity
• industrial dust
• factors that can lead to dangerous
injuries:
 moving machines
 moving parts of machinery
 moving goods and materials
 sharp and protruding parts and
edges
Chemical
• depending on the possible effects
and type them action:
- toxic
- irritation
- sensitizing
- carcinogenic
- mutagenic
- impair reproductive function
• depending on the different
absorption:
- by inhalation
- through the skin and mucous
membranes
- through the digestive tract

Biological
• microorganisms:
- bacteria
- viruses
- mushrooms
- protozoa
• substances produced by microorganisms:
- toxins
- allergens
• macro
- plants
- animals
Factors harmful and annoying
Psychophysical
• physical load (static and dynamic)
• neuro-psychological burden:
- mental load
- perceptual load or underload
- emotional burden

 Rocket Launch - 200 dB
 Jet aircraft - 160 dB
 Jackhammer - 120 dB
 The large orchestra - 100 dB
 Jobs grinders - 85 dB
 Normal conversation - 60 dB
 Whisper - 20 dB
L.p. Noise parameters The maximum intensity
1 Permissible exposure to noise at 8-
hour exposure
85 dB
2 The maximum sound pressure level 115 dB
3 Peak sound level C 135 dB
Noise

Vibration - the transfer of mechanical
vibrations from solid to various tissues of
the body or the whole body
Vibrations most influence on the human
body at a frequency of 0.9 to 1400 Hz.
 General Vibration - frequency from 0.9
to 90 Hz - vibrations penetrate into the
human body through the legs, pelvis or
back
 Local Vibration - frequency from 5.6 to
1400 Hz - vibrations are transferred from
the hand tool on the human body mainly
by the upper limbs
Type of vibration Type of preliminary
tests
Periodic testing
The scope of
research
The frequency
of testing
Local Vibration General studies, with
emphasis on the
vascular system,
nervous system and
bone
As with the
preliminary study
The first - after
a year of work,
the next 3
years
General Vibration General Studies -
Neurological
As with the
preliminary study
Every 4 years
Vibration

The thermal radiation (IR) - includes
optical radiation of which the
wavelength range from 780 nm to 1
mm:
 Infrared close - 780 - 1400 nm
(nanometers)
 Infrared average 1400 - 3000 nm
 Infrared away - 3000 nm - 1 mm
Thermal radiation sources:
Jobs in steel mills, foundries, rolling mills,
forges
Negative impact on the body - especially to
eyes and skin
Excessive exposure may cause:
 burns
 drying of the cornea
 Inflammations of the iris and conjunctiva
 blepharitis
 damage to the retina
 cataracts
Protection:
Shielding, screens, shields, goggles,
masks (helmets) welding
Thermal radiation

Electromagnetic radiation
Protection zones
Allowable field strength of the magnetic
field of electricity and protective zones at
a frequency of 0.1 - 10 MHz
Danger zone
> 1000 V / m> 250 A / m
Danger zone
Max. 100 V / m and 250 A / m
Intermediate zone
Max. 70V / m and 10 A / m
Safe area
Max 20V / m and 2 A / m
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION

Electromagnetic radiation
Infrared radiation
Infrared radiation - optical radiation, which wavelengths are
780 - 1 mm
 Infrared close to 780 - 1400 nm
 Infrared average 1400 - 3000 nm
 Far infrared 3000 - 1 mm
The impact on the body:
 Positive - in therapy to improve local blood circulation and
stimulate the metabolic processes,
 Negatives - thermal impact, especially in the eyes and skin
Excessive exposure may cause:
Burns, drying of the cornea, iris and
Inflammation conjunctivitis, blepharitis,
retinal damage, cataracts
Thermal radiation sources:
Jobs in steel mills, foundries, rolling mills,
forges
Protection:
Shielding, screens, shields,
goggles, masks (helmets) Welding

Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet radiation (UV, ultraviolet) - optical radiation
covering the wavelength range of 100 nm - 400 nm:
 Near ultraviolet - (UV-A) - 315 - 400 nm
 UV medium - (UV-B) - 280 - 315 nm
 Far ultraviolet - (UV-C) - 100 - 280 nm
Radiation source - welding, especially with the use of an
electric arc lamps, germicidal irradiation or quartz
Impact - the body through the skin and eyes
 Positive Impact
- under the influence of ultraviolet -light is formed in the
body, vitamin D3,
- Increase the body's resistance,
- Acceleration of wound healing,
- The destruction of microorganisms (bacterial lamps)
 The interaction effects:
- Erythema and skin discoloration,
- Peeling of the skin,
- Conjunctivitis,
- Cataracts and retinal damage
Note: Personal protective equipment must be CE marked
WARNING!
ULTRAVIOLET
RADIATION

Laser radiation
Interaction of laser radiation is dependent
primarily on:
 Wavelength
 Time and type of exposure
 Exposed tissue or organ
 The size of the irradiation
 Integrated energy luminance
The impact on the body
Laser light can lead to a variety of skin lesions and eye,
for example. Inflammatory changes of the skin,
conjunctiva and cornea, retinal damage, eye and
anterior segment of the eye and other irreversible
changes in the functioning of the eye.
Premises where lasers are used should be equipped
with a mirror or other reflective objects
Persons in the immediate reach of the laser must
wear special glasses to protect against that type of
laser radiation.
Note: Direct laser radiation, reflected or scattered in all
conditions is dangerous to the eyes and skin
Note: Personal protective equipment must be CE marked

Chemical substances
Chemical substances mean:
 chemical elements and their compounds in the state in which they are found
in nature or obtained by any production process, including any additives
required to preserve its stability and any impurity deriving from the process,
but without solvents that can be separated without affecting the stability of
the substance or changing its composition, and
 a mixture of chemical elements and their compounds, referred to above,
except for mixtures which are waste.

The effects of chemical substances are divided into local, systemic and
long-term (effects carcinogenic, teratogenic, embryotoxic)
They can occur in the following locations:
 absorption - skin, eyes, nasal epithelium, lungs, gastrointestinal tract
 changes - liver, lungs, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, places containing specific mechanisms
of change
 accumulation (deposition) - kidney, central nervous system, liver
 expulsion - liver, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, bladder
 in the organs of special sensitivity - gonads, embryo, nervous system, endocrine organs,
haematological, immune system.

Packaging, containers, tanks
(according to Directive 67/548 / EEC)
Explosive Extremely
flammable
Highly
flammable
Oxidizing Very toxic Toxic Harmful Corrosive Irritant Dangerous
for the
environment
Packaging, containers, tanks
(according to the EC 1272/2008 - CLP)
Danger Danger Caution Danger Caution Caution CautionDanger Danger Danger
Danger - signal word indicates a more serious threat categories
Note - The signal word indicating the lower categories of threat
The marking of places, pipelines, containers and tanks to store
or containing dangerous substances or dangerous preparations
(Dz. U. No. 125, item. 851)
Explosive Inflammable Oxidizing Toxic Harmful or
irritating
Corrosive Other dangers

LABEL CHEMICAL AGENTS
USED IN THE TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS (ADR)
Selected warning labels
Class 1 - Divisions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3
Explosives
Class 1 - subclass 1.4
Explosives
Class 2
flammable
gases
Class 3
Flammable
liquids
Class 1 - subclass 1.5
explosives
Class 2
Non-
flammable
and toxic
gases
Class 2
toxic gases
Class 1 -
subclass 1.6
explosive
items

Class 1
Materials constantly
inflammatory, self-reactive
substances and solid desensitized
explosives
Class 5.1
Oxidizing
Class 6.1
toxic substances
Class 7A.
Category I
Radioactive
material in a
package
Class 8
corrosive
Class 4.2
pyrophoric
materials
Class 4.3
Producing
materials with
water, emit
flammable
gases
Class 5.2
organic peroxides
Class 6.2
infectious materials
Class 7B
Category II
Radioactive
material in a
package
Class 7C
Category III
Radioactive
material in a
package
Class 9
Category III
Miscellaneous
dangerous
substances and
articles
Class 7E
fissionable material
This material is
harmful to the
environment

Dangerous factors occurring in the work process

Dangerous factors occurring in the work process
moving machine and transported objects;
moving parts;
sharp elements, protruding, rough;
fluids under pressure;
slippery, uneven surfaces;
confined spaces (approaches, entrances, accesses);
job position in relation to the substrate (working at heights, in the recesses);
other: eg. hot or cold surfaces, corrosive substances.

Threats mechanical factors
Man
Interaction zone
range of
influence
Object
range of
influence
Area
potential
threats
Risk of
accident

Identification of mechanical hazards
hazard analysis
effect
factor on
man
injury or
other consequences
evaluation
threats
assessment of risks
identification
factors
term
position
work

Mechanical Factors and potential risks (1)

Mechanical Factors and potential risks (2)

Mechanical Factors and potential hazards (4)

Basic mechanical hazards and their potential effects
 crushing - crushing, crushing;
 shear, cut - cut, cut, cut;
 moving parts of equipment - hitting, pulling, grasping, fracture,
detachment;
 falling objects, people - hitting, breakage, cracks, fractures, death;
 sharp protruding elements of the premises, structures, tools - sting
puncture;
 uneven slippery surfaces - the fall and its consequences
 rough uneven surfaces - the clash, abrasion
 hot gush of fluid under pressure - hitting, burns

Health effects in people exposed to mechanical stress depend
on:
the location of the impact zone of a factor in relation to the area of human labor,
the interaction of a given factor and man,
kinetic energy components or machinery,
Part of the potential energy that can move under the force of gravity and the spring
elements or the fluid and vacuum,
type, shape, surface roughness elements, which may come into contact person (cutting
elements, sharp edges, etc.),
positions relative to each other when moving elements that create dangerous zones eg.
the cutting, pulling.

Zapobieganie zagrożeniom
czynnikami mechanicznymi
eliminowanie
lub ograniczanie czynnika
ograniczanie
ekspozycji człowieka na
nie wyeliminowane czynniki
Mechanical factors preventing
threats
Eliminating or limiting factor
reducing human exposure to
factors not eliminated
Mechanical Protection

Measures to prevent threats (1)
Actions
in the design
phase
Operation
in the use
phase
Measures
preventing risks
of harmful
factors

Danger zone
Reference plane
Reaching over protective structure
a - the height of the location of the protection zone
b - the height of the protective structure
c - the horizontal distance protective structure from the danger zone
Protective
structure
RISK OF MECHANICAL FACTORS
Safety distance - the minimum distance at which should be placed a guard against the
dangerous zone

The minimum distance (EN 349)
Part of the body Minimum
distance in mm
Drawing
trunk
head
lower limb
foot

The minimum distance (PN-EN 349)
Part of the body
Minimum
distance in mm
Drawing
Toes
Upper limb
Hand
Hand finger

Recommended personal protective equipment
• Risk of stroke and crush by:
minerals, building materials,
construction products (with
the use of universal lifting
hoists, cranes)
Protective helmets
Shoes come in a toe

• Risk of cuts, injuries, puncture by
sharp, protruding parts, sharp
edges and corners, edges and
rough, jagged surfaces of tools,
machines and materials, which
can cause injuries
Protective gloves against cuts
Protective footwear
Coot
Protective clothing or working
Special Glasses

 Protective glasses or face shield
 Protective clothing against crushing,
entanglement in rotating machine
parts
• Risk of injuries caused moving
machine parts, tools or workpieces
during operation: mechanical
shears, drills, grinders, saws, etc.

• Risk of injuries caused slips, and
falling or slipping at:
workstations, crossings and access
passages, traffic routes, ladders
 Shoes come in a non-slip soles

Reduction of mechanical hazards
Eliminating a
hazardous agent
The impact from
the danger zone
information
The use of personal
protective
equipment
Technical measures Organisational measures
Working
procedures
Shaping the
problematic
behavior
Systems of work
to minimize
access to
hazardous areas
Work permit
procedures
Warning systems
Direct supervision
Training
Shaping safety oriented
habits
Follow the
instructions and
safety rules

PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
cover
Physical equipment forming
material divider between
a man and a hazard
mechanical factor,
applied specifically to
ensure the protection of man.
Protection features can
therefore comply with the lid,
doors, fences, etc.
equipment
security
Do not constitute any material
baffles (other than the cover), the device
protection.
This group includes devices
two-hand control device
photoelectric sensing mats,
safety valves, surge
Lifting and locking devices,
locking, allowing the
start-up
machines, etc.

yes
no
Rules for selection of covers
can
be completely inaccessible
during
work
Risks caused by moving parts of
the drive
• fixed guards
• interlocked guards
• Interlocked guards with locking
Risks caused by moving parts involved in the work
process (eg. Tools)
• fixed guards
• Interlocked guards with or
without locking autonadzorem
• security devices
• (depending on the need for
access to the danger zone)
• Fixed guards (the moving parts found in
areas outside the labor process)
• Adjustable guards (restricting access to
moving parts in areas where access is
necessary due to the work process)

Threat Assessment harmful agent, burdensome and
dangerous and methods of preventing or reducing

Tests and measurements of the working environment
The frequency of testing and measurement
The employer, in which workplace factors are harmful to health, is obliged to carry out tests
and measurements of these factors.
L.p.
NDS or MPD during the previous
measurement
Frequency of the survey
1 Below 0.5 NDS or NDN At least once every two years
2 From 0.5 to 1 NDS or MPD Once a year
3 Exceeding the NDS or NDN Constant monitoring
4 Changes in the use of carcinogens In any case, the change
5 Exposure to asbestos dust At least 1 in 3 months

Tests and measurements of the working environment
Tests and measurements of electromagnetic radiation in the frequency range 0 - 300
GHz
In the event of the occurrence of workers' exposure to electromagnetic fields and
radiation with frequencies from 0 to 300 GHz in the area of protection, the employer
is obliged to carry out measurements of the intensity of radiation.
L.p.
The height of the index W during the last
measurement
Frequency of measurement
1 Less than 0.5 W every 3 years
2 Over 0.5 W Once a year
3
In the event of changes in operating
conditions
every time

Maximum concentration and intensity of harmful factors
 Maximum allowable concentration (MAC)
The weighted average, the impact on the employee during an 8-hour daily and weekly, as defined in
the Labour Code, working hours, for a period of his professional activity should not cause negative
changes in its state of health and the health of future generations.
 The maximum intensity (NDN)
Determined as the mean value, the impact on the employee during an 8-hour daily and weekly, as
defined in the Labour Code, working hours, for a period of his professional activity should not cause
negative changes in its state of health and the health of future generations.
 The maximum instantaneous concentration (TWA)
The mean value, which should not cause negative changes the employee's health and the health of its
future generations, if it persists in the workplace no longer than 30 minutes at a time shift.
 Maximum ceiling concentration (STEL)
Concentration, which, due to the risk of employee health and life can not be exceeded at any time.

The types of personal protective equipment
Protective Clothing
 SUITS AND PANTS
 JACKETS AND SHIRTS
 VESTS AND APRONS
 COATS AND CAPES
Warning:
 Vests
 Jackets
 Pants
 Poncho
Protectors:
 Shoulder and
chest
 Abdomen and
buttocks
Covers:
 Torso
 Heads
 Neck
 Other types of protective
clothing: eg. anti-static clothing
NOTE:
PPE must be CE marked.

Head protection measures
Head protection measures should protect not only
against impact, but also, for example before:
 Hair Rapture
 Wetting
 Contamination by toxic substances and other
harmful substances
 Temperature (low or high)
 Protective helmets accessories
 Protective helmets
 Hats
 Berets
 Hats
 Hoods
 Other headgear
Helmet with mask mesh that protects from
splashes and radiant heat
NOTE: PPE must be CE marked.

 protective gloves
 hand protectors
 finger protectors
Measures to protect the upper limbs
 Hand protection
against
puncture and
injury
(pictured double-
layer gloves with
a protective layer
of steel plates)
 Hand and wrist
protectors
(pictured latex
coated gloves
chemical work
NOTE:

Protective measures of the periodic table
 Purifying for continuous operation
This filter, said filter absorbing and - absorbing
 Insulating equipment for continuous operation
including autonomous and stationary
 Purifying Escape Equipment
including sinks and combined filters
 Insulating escape equipment
including breathing apparatus and regenerative
 Other types of respiratory protective
equipment
Dressing in a suit of autonomous self-
contained breathing apparatus

 glasses
 Other
measures
to protect
your face
and eyes
(next: Pad
set for
sawyers)
 goggles
 Face
shield,
in the half-
shells and
helmets
Measures to protect your face and eye

Ear protection
 Earplugs
NOTE:
 Earmuffs
 Other means of
protection, for
example electronic

Measures to protect the lower limbs
 Fishing Shoes
"waders"
padded, non-slip
NOTE:
 Protective footwear
for the food industry
(with steel toe and sole,
antistatic and anti-slip
 protective
footwear
with steel toe
and insert
antibreaking

Insulating means the whole body
Insulating means the whole body is used in
particular situations:
 Simultaneous occurrence of several risks
 Greater effectiveness of the measure of
insulating the body than several separate
funds
Insulating means the
whole body can be
divided into measures
to:
 The use of insulating
respiratory protective
equipment (eg. A suit
+ mask - picture),
 Using autonomous air
source (cylinder and
breathing apparatus
housed inside the
suit),
 Air supply from an
external source (eg.
Deep-sea divers suits)
NOTE:

NOTE:
Protective measures for work at height
Work requiring protection against falls from a height:
 Work on scaffolding,
 Installation of prefabricated elements,
 Work on masts, poles,
 Work in high crane cabs
 Work in high cabs storage facilities,
 Work on drilling towers, masts, czworonogach, tripod,
 Work in shafts and sewers
Measures to protect against
falls from a height:
 Safety harness and lap
belts,
 Lanyards,
 Shock absorbers,
 Self-locking device,
 Other measures to protect
against falls from a height

NOTE:
PPE must be CE marked
Dermatological skin protection measures
Work involving exposure to the irritation of the skin, including in
particular:
 Work in exposure to dust or other pitch, dust or fumes that have a
similar skin irritation,
 Processing of coating materials
 Leather tanning,
 Work in inhalation exposure to chromate, dwuchromianów alkaline
chromic acid or other corrosive or irritating substances, affecting
ulceration or perforation of the nasal septum
Dermatological skin protection:
 Buffering agents to skin - creams, pastes,
ointments,
 Skin cleansing agents,
 Regenerating agents and disinfectants skin

Selection of Measures
personal protective equipment
Determine the type and level of risks in a particular workplace
Concentration (weighted average) or intensity (average) specific factor is greater than the
NDS (N), or present a threat mechanical factors
Determination of exposure to the risk of
Determining allowable concentrations (intensity) of the working environment factors
occurring in the workplace
The identification of (groups of) the necessary personal protective
equipment
Determine the effectiveness of the protection required
The selection of personal protective equipment, taking into account
YES
NO

Selection of measures
personal protective
equipment
The selection of personal protective equipment, taking into account
Types and levels
of work
environment
factors
Effectiveness of
protection
required
Individual
characteristics
employee
Concomitant use
of several
means of
protection
The use of personal
protective
equipment is not
necessary
Defining a set of necessary personal protective
equipment for employees
END END

The essential requirements of personal protective equipment
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
- A device or equipment intended to be
worn or held by the user of these measures
in order to protect against one or more of
the risks that may affect the safety and
health during the procedure, as well as all
the accessories and add-ons for this
purpose.ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS
Personal protective equipment should:
 Provide sufficient protection against the
risks,
 Be designed and constructed in accordance with the requirements
of ergonomics in such a way that in the foreseeable conditions of
use for which they are intended, the user can in an emergency
situation normally carry out their activities and have provided the
highest level of health and safety.

Basic types of protective masks
Light hygienic
dust mask
(there are
many types
and
manufacturer
s) - used in
conditions
below the
OEL
Respirator
with
absorbent
charcoal -
used in an
environment
with dust
nietrującymi
to 4 x NDS

Basic types of protective masks
Respirator
with
cartridges
absorbing.
Insert type
depends on
the type of
substances
present in the
work
environment.
Insulating
helmet air-fed
respirator
hose from the
cylinder or an
internal
source.

The organization and methods of shaping a
safe and hygienic
working conditions

Premises and workplaces
The area of work premises
For each of the employees employed at the same
time working in continuous operation room should
be at least:
 2 m2 of free floor space unoccupied by
technical devices furniture, appliances, etc.
 13 m3 of free space unoccupied volume
by equipment, furniture, etc ..
The floor in the room working should be:
 stable – anti-dusting
 resistant equal to abrasion -Easy To keep the
anti-slip
 clean

Room height work
Constant working height of the room can not be less than:
 3 m, if the room there are no factors harmful to health
 3.30, if the room is undergoing causing the occurrence of
harmful factors.
Exceptions:
 at least 2.5 - if there is no room nuisance and are
employed not more than 4 employees and each of them
is at least 15 m3 of space free volume
 Minimum 2.2 - the guard booth, concierge, kiosk, etc ..
The amount of temporary work areas must not be less than:
 2.2 m - if there is no room to harmful factors
 2.5 m - if the room is undergoing factors that cause
harmful

Internal transport
• The employer is required to provide on-site work
marked lines of communication and transport,
pedestrian and fire access roads and maintain
them in a state of not posing threats.
Places in the workplace, where there are risks to workers shall
be marked with visible colors and signs

Transitions and coming to workplaces
• For each position should be ensured safe and
comfortable handle, wherein the height over
the entire length should not be less than 2 m
light
• Roads should be marked by road signs
complying with road traffic regulations
Transitions between machines and other equipment or walls
designed only to handle these devices should have a width of
at least 0.75 m

Work processes - safety instructions
The employer is obliged to provide workers for
permanent use, current instructions and safety
at work on:
 used in the plant processes and perform work
related to the threats by accident
 operating machinery and equipment
 the handling of hazardous materials and
hazardous to health
 and the provision of assistance
The instructions should indicate the steps that
must be taken before work, during and after
exercise and the rules of conducting in
emergency situations posing a threat to life or
health.

The of first aid
• The employer is required to provide
employees with a well-functioning system of
of first aid
• The number and location of first aid kits and
equipment and first aid points should be
established in consultation with the physician
exercising preventive health care for
employees with respect to the types and
severity of the threats.

Praca przy komputerze
Working at the computer

Working at the computer
Premises to work with computers
For each employee in a room with computers
should be reported:
a minimum of 13 m3 of free interior
a minimum of 2 m of free floor space
Lighting should provide comfort
visual work
Setting the monitor should be parallel to the
line of windows and ceiling lights / screen plane
is perpendicular to the window /

Working with the computer
Computer station
Natural and comfortable posture reduces the risk to the
musculoskeletal system:
 seat must be adjustable in height in the range of 40-
50 cm from the floor
 chair should be adjustable in height, depth and tilt of
the seat
 backrest should be adjustable in the range of 5 deg. to
the front and 30 degrees backwards
 the upper edge of the screen should be placed above
the eyes of employee
 distance from the screen of employee's eyes should
be 40-70 cm
 the distance between adjacent monitors should be at
least 60 cm
 Keyboard - a minimum of 10 cm from the edge of the
table

Signs of OHS
Prohibition signs
Prohibition signs are the signs of protection and safety at work used to prevent accidents, ill health
and to avoid danger

Signs of OHS
Warning Signs
Warning signs are used in factories, work stations to alert and inform employees and other persons
residing there of an imminent danger

Signs of OHS
Signs warrant
Regulatory signs are the signs of protection and safety at work used to provide the employees and any third
party information on the need for appropriate technical and organizational measures to prevent accidents, ill
health and to avoid danger

Signs of OHS
Signs on the information
Information signs are the signs of protection and safety at work used to label the places where there are
equipment and systems for personal hygiene and equipment needed in case of emergency situations

Analysis of the circumstances and causes of
accidents at work and occupational diseases

Accidents at work, occupational
diseases, benefits

Accidents at work
Accident at work
It is a sudden event, caused by an external cause
resulting in injury or death, which occurred in
connection with work.
For an event with an employee could be classified as
an accident at work, these elements must be present
at the same time.
Fatal accident
It is an accident which resulted in the death at the
scene or in a period not exceeding six months from
the date of the accident
Collective accident
This is the case, which as a result of the same event have
at least 2 people
The accident on the way to or from work
It is a sudden event, caused by an external cause, which
took place on the way to or from the place of
employment or other activity constituting the title of
sickness insurance if this was the shortest route and has
not been interrupted

Accidents at work
Accident in special circumstances
It is a sudden event caused by external causes injury or death, which took place at:
 rescuing others
 protecting public property
 in assisting the government agency or representative of local government
 acting as a councilor, the mayor, councilor in court
 conducting classes, educational or welfare
 prosecution or recognition of persons suspected of having committed an offense or when protecting
others from assault
 work carried out in the framework of occupational therapy
 carrying out direct protection against natural disasters
 performing as a member of the election commission
Accident equated with accidents at work
It is not an accident at work but only for the right to benefits and the procedure for determining the
circumstances and causes is treated as an accident at work. A typical example is the case in the course of
the so-called. business trip.

Obligations of the employer and the accident team
As long as the team crashed employer is
required to secure the scene so as to
establish the circumstances and causes of
the accident.
Establishment of
 Injury team appointed by the employer.
 The employer shall determine the
composition of the team depending on
the case and the size of the plant
 As soon as the team should proceed to
investigate the cause of the accident.
Determine the causes and
circumstances of the accident
 Perform a detailed visual
inspection of the scene of the
accident and draw sketches or
photographs that could help
determine the causes of the
accident.
 If possible, listen to the
explanations victim and witness
information.
 Consult a physician assisting the
victim and other relevant
specialists.
 If possible - use any material the
police or the prosecutor's office
investigation.
 Collect and protect other
evidence regarding the accident.
 Specify the type of case and
formulate conclusions and
preventive measures appropriate
to the established cause and
circumstances of the accident.

Obligations of the employer and the accident team
The preparation of accident report
Establish the circumstances and causes of the accident
The preparation - not later than 14 days from the
date of the notification of the accident - the
protocol establishing the circumstances and causes
of accidents at work (in the body of accident report
must be given reasons for the delay, if there are
any)
Consult the victim (family members of the
deceased as a result of an accident) with the
contents of the accident protocol and instruction of
his right to submit comments and objections to the
findings contained in the report.
Notification accident report along with other
documentation of post-accident employer for
approval.
The preparation - no later than 5 days - a new
accident report, at the request of the employer,
after clarifications and additions

Occupational diseases:
o Poisoning
o Metal fever
o Pneumoconiosis
o Diseases caused by asbestos dust
o Chronic bronchitis
o Asthma
o Allergic alveolitis
o Acute allergies
o Byssinoza
o Berylliosis
o Lung diseases caused by hard metal dust
o Laryngitis allergic
o Allergic rhinitis
o Perforation of the nasal septum caused by the action of corrosive substances
o Chronic voice disorders caused by excessive exercise voice
o Diseases caused by ionizing radiation

Occupational diseases
Vibration syndrome
Decompression Sickness
Diseases caused by work in the high-pressure atmosphere diseases caused by the
action of heat or cold
Diseases of the eye caused by physical, chemical or biological
Malignant tumors arising out of the work environment factors
Skin diseases
Chronic diseases of the musculoskeletal system caused by way of performing
work
Chronic diseases of the peripheral nervous system
Bilateral permanent hearing loss due to noise

Obligations of the employer in the event of an occupational disease
Ensure the implementation of the recommendations of the medical
The employer should
Immediately report to the competent authority
of the Sanitary Inspection and competent labor
inspector every case of occupational disease is
diagnosed or suspected of such disease
Determine the cause of occupational disease
and the nature and magnitude of the risk of
the disease, in agreement with the competent
authority of the Sanitary Inspection
Systematically analyze the causes of
occupational diseases and other diseases
associated with working conditions and the
results of these studies apply appropriate
preventive measures
Immediately proceed to remove the factors
giving rise to an occupational disease and
take other necessary measures to prevent
Keep a register of occupational diseases and suspicion of such diseases

Lost work time
Current payments
The cost of production
disruptions
Lost income
Lost assets and rotary
Repair costs
Benefit costs
Business losses related to accidents at work
Accidents at work and the economy
Accident costs incurred by the company

The cost of health
and safety services
The cost of medical
examinations
The purchase cost of
collective protection
measures
The cost of measurements
of the work environment
The cost of training
employees
The cost of the purchase of
personal protective
equipment
The cost to implement and
maintain health and safety
management system
Expenditures on prevention company
Accidents at work and the economy
Expenditure on prevention

Group of people
subject in the field
of health and
safety training
The deadline to carry out various types of training
Employees in
positions of
workers
Initial training Workplace training Periodic training
Before you begin
working with the
employer
Before taking the
job
In the form of instruction at least once every
three years, and where particularly high risk
to the safety or health of workers, at least
once a year.
The first training within 12 months of starting
work in these positions
Training in the field of occupational health and safety

Group of people subject
in the field of health and
safety training
Persons who are
employers
Initial training
Workplace
training
Periodic training
Lead organizational units Conducting training in a course,
seminar or self-directed no less
frequently than once every
5 years.
The first periodic training of
employees in these positions is
carried out within 6 months of
starting work in these positions
directing the other
employees (managers,
foremen, etc.)
General instruction take place,
before being allowed to work,
general instruction leading
security service and hygiene

Group of people
subject in the field of
health and safety
training
Designers, engineers,
equipment and other
technical devices
Initial training
Workplace
training
Periodic training
Before you begin
working with the
employer
Conducting training in a course,
seminar or self-directed no less
frequently than once every 5 years.
The first periodic training of
employees in these positions is carried
out within 12 months of starting work
in these positions
Technologists
organizers and other
technical and
engineering staff.
Before you begin
working with the
employer

Group of people
subject in the field of
health and safety
training
Security professionals
and hygiene
Initial training Workplace training Periodic training
Before you begin
working with the
employer
Conducting training in a course, seminar or
self-directed no less frequently than once
every 5 years (for administrative and office
six years).
The first periodic training of employees in
these positions is carried out within 12
months of starting work in these positions
Administrative and
clerical workers, and
others not
mentioned
previously 1)
Before you begin
working with the
employer
1) where the nature of the work associated with exposure to harmful to health, nuisance or dangerous or responsibility
in respect of health and safety

Principles of pre-medical assistance in the event of
an accident and emergency situations

Criminal Liability for Failure to Help Pursuant
to Article 162 Penal Code
Who does not help a human who is in a situation threatening an immediate danger
of loss of life, serious injury or serious health disorder, and is not in a situation
endangering himself or another person of death or serious bodily injury - is
punishable by imprisonment up to 3 years.
Is not punished, who does not give aid to which it is necessary to submit to a
medical operation, or under conditions in which it is immediate assistance from the
institution or person appointed to it.

RESCUE CHAIN MODEL
Protection Recognition
Call
help
First
help
Help
medical
The course of the provision of emergency assistance, best represents the
chain Rescue. It consists of several cells that in a standard course of
rescue overlap. The most important part of the chain is on-site assistance
and later to ensure in the shortest possible time, qualified medical
assistance.

Rules of conduct in the event of an accident:
1. Assessment of the incident
2. Remove the agent acting on the victim
3. Evacuation of victims from danger
4. Recognition - evaluation of the victim
5. Resuscitation
6. Securing of an accident
7. Call for help

EMERGENCY EVACUATION WITH PLACE
The safest way to evacuate the victim alone with vehicle or
the threat is called „Raudke maneuvr. This maneuver is
used only in two cases:
• If the person is in a life-threatening position (eg. The
sitting position for a person in shock) or allow formal
resuscitation (eg. the passenger car)
• the scene of the accident is a direct threat to the victim

DIAGNOSIS
Number of victims
Prior to segregation, call for assistance and first aid, thoroughly and fairly quickly
penetrate the scene and find all the victims of the accident.
General Appearance
Often it happens that I can visually evaluate some injury or condition of the victim. It
should be mentioned first of all traumatic amputations, haemorrhage (stained clothes,
blood stain on the floor, etc.), Deformation of the body, skin color, the behavior of the
person. Besides seeing the example. Seriously damaged vehicle in a traffic accident, it
may be assumed that passengers suffered serious internal injuries (damage to the
abdominal organs, spine). Thus, if the mechanism of injury suggests the possibility of
such damage proceed very gently and fixed in place neck collar.
Checking awareness
The general rule assess awareness of first aid is simple scheme: ASK, FEEL. To check the
reaction of the victim we from him at a safe distance and loud ask a simple question,
eg .: "Do you / you hear me ?! What happened?! Please open your eyes!".

HELP CALL
The call must include information on five details:
• Where and when it happened
• what happened
• While the victims of the accident
• What are the injuries
• Who and where calls for help
• Question: what can be done to help the victim?
For more information:
• Whether the victim is immobilized (eg. stuck in a vehicle)
• Labeling of hazardous materials (eg. the numbers on the orange warning plates)
• A kind of poisonous substances ingested or absorbed that victim
• Other hazards (eg. fire)

HEART MASSAGE
Heart lying between the sternum and the spine is bruised, causing squeezing
blood from the heart to the small and large blood stream. After cessation of
oppression occurs repeatedly deform the chest wall, allowing blood to fill the
ventricles.
Adequate blood flow and blood pressure are obtained by performing a
massage at a rate of about 100 opressions per minute. Emphasis on the bridge
is performed 30 times, then two inhalations (each lasting about 1 second).
Cycle (30/2) is repeated. Under the new provisions of the European
Resuscitation Council, the cycle is the same for one and two rescuers.
0/2 system is also used in children having obviously smaller amount blown air
and the greater the rate of compressions (ok.120-130 per minute). You have to
remember that the small child, the pressure on the chest? Decreases (infant
compression depth is about 2 cm, and runs it with two fingers).

ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION
European Resuscitation Council adopted two methods
of artificial respiration "mouth to mouth", "mouth-to-
nose".
The most commonly used method is "mouth to mouth".
In order to carry out put one hand on the patient's
forehead while his fingers plugging his nose, and the
other hand pulls the lower jaw, the mouth was open.
Then take two inhalations closely and widely covering
his mouth with his own mouth victim.
Artificial respiration lead with a frequency ok. 15-20
inhalations per minute in an adult, infants and young
children about 30-40 inhalations per minute. If at hand
is to mask, then blown air through it. It prevents direct
contact rescuer secretions from the mouth and the
victim

SIDE POSITION
This is a position that is used ONLY person is conscious with preserved all life functions
(breathing, circulation). This arrangement facilitates breathing body, prevents the
collapse of the tongue, does not exert pressure on the chest and allows free draining
fluids from the mouth. One of the ways of laying unconscious person to a safe position
is as follows:
• rescuer kneels next to a lying person
• injured arm swings (located on the side of saving) to top
• bend the knee and arm at the elbow located on the opposite side (the leg is not
bent back, you can put her foot under the other, lying leg)
• grab to the opposite knee or hip, and the other hand supports the neck of the
victim and a motion to rotate it toward you
• puts the patient's head on his hand
• system improves leg or item to be stable and covered the victim with a blanket or
foil NRC

Fire Protection
FIRE PROTECTION

Rules of conduct with fire
• Stay calm!
• Immediately report the fire, giving accurate data
about the location and size of fire.
• Warn other employees of the fire
• Turn off ventilation systems, transport and heating cut off
pipe, close the main gas valve, if necessary off-energized electrical
equipment.
• Immediately leave the areas at risk, using
staircases, as well as the marked roads evacuation and fire.
• Do not use the elevators.
• Move in the position closest to the floor
(protection against smoke and hot air).
• Operation carried out in accordance with the fire instructions.
• Saving the lives of people takes precedence over the fire extinguishing

Rules of conduct for fire
• Without risking your own safety, participate in the activities of rescue and
fire fighting
until the arrival of the fire brigade.
• Incase burning and wrap the person in blankets firefighting, coats, etc.
• (If necessary extinguish the fire - rotate the injured person)
• Never extinguish burning fat with water.
Upon arrival firefighters grant section commander relevant
information, pass the building plans, evacuation routes and rescue,
as well as the right keys.

Prohibited actions
The building and adjacent to, it is forbidden to perform activities that may result in fire, contribute to its
spread and cause difficulty in conducting rescue and fire fighting and evacuation, in particular:
• Smoking and open flames in places not designated,
• Storage of any material on the road overall communication, for purposes of evacuation,
• Setting the crossing evacuation (corridors) and at the door of any objects that hinder evacuation
evacuation,
• Use on the cover points of light combustible materials with the exception of flame-retardant materials, if
they are placed at a distance of at least 0.05M. from the bulb,
• Storage of flammable materials closer than 0.5m. the lightning protection system, cables and devices
that do not have guards that can heat up above 1000C,
• Use of electrical heating devices arranged directly on the substrate combustible, with the exception of
devices operating in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions,
• Floor washing liquids and flammable solvents,
• Use your own devices, electric, gas, liquid fuels, etc. in the building without the consent of the employer,
• Fire hazard carrying out the work without meeting the requirements set out in the relevant fire safety
instructions,

 Preventing and limiting access bystanders and incidental to the switches, switchboards,
electric current or places where there are flammable materials (the lack of proper labeling
according to PN),
 Warm or combustion using an open flame materials closer than 5m from the building in
places not intended,
 Installation of lighting fixtures and electrical wiring accessories like switches, sockets
directly on flammable surfaces if their structures do not protect against inflammation of
the substrate,
 Exercise on their own makeshift electrical installations and repair fuses,
 Switching to a single socket (as well as the electric circuit) several receivers that could
cause congestion or heating and arcing of contacts and the use of damaged electrical
equipment,
 Without the operation of a complete road markings and direction of evacuation exits
according to PN and without the proper equipment in handy fire-fighting equipment,
 Burning dry grass and shrubs and plant residues, and the burning of combustible waste
around the object,
 Pledging to access and terracing of parking cars on the road fire,
 Carrying out construction works without appropriate security and to obstruct action rescue
and evacuation.

• Who reports? Phone number? What is fire? Where? What is the situation? Do not hang up until the
dispatcher confirms the acceptance of the "accepted"?
• Notifying the user of the device.
• If possible, disconnect burning device (power off).
Note!
The high voltage can be done only by authorized personnel.
Fire dampers close to the ventilation system.
• As far as possible, protect against extinguishing agents of the device
• Not covered by fire (eg. covering).
During the recognition of the situation, measures
rescue and fire-fighting, keep minimum clearances:
• Low voltage - 5 m,
• if the high voltage contact
with floor - 10 m.
Equipment for firefighters pop, take into account the
its purpose, eg. to extinguish electrical equipment
use live fire extinguishers snow (CO2).
lub 112
Notification firefighters

Extinguish the fire in the direction of the wind (the wind)
Extinguish burning surfaces starting from the shore!
Fires substance dripping and flowing extinguish with a flow directed from top to bottom!
Extinguish fire with a stream of facing walls from the bottom to the top!
Use a sufficient number of fire extinguishers - Never one after the other
Pay attention to the possibility of re-lightning of the fire
Never hang fire extinguishers after use on a permanent basis place. First have to refill!
Rules extinguish the fire using fire extinguishers
CORRECT INCORRECT

Emergency exit
(plate placed over the output)
Marking on the premises
(example)
• Emergency routes and exits, as well as their routes, should be marked in a visible and
permanent signs that meet the requirements of BS EN.
• Signs of evacuation and fire safety signs shall be of photoluminescent materials, if it is
not necessary to use emergency lighting.
Escape routes
Direction to leave
escape route

Sign is used
for marking
outputs for
in case of an emergency
Sign is used on double
doors, which are emergency
exits (doors right or left)
Sign indicates the direction
escape route
to the output may drive
left or right
escape route
the exit stairway
up, left or right
exit in an accident threat.
The direction of the escape route The direction of the escape route to the exit
Emergency exit
Safety signs /Signs of evacuation
Arrows short - for use with other characters
Arrow long - for self
Emergency exit
Emergency doors

Sign used in conjunction with the sign
on the previous slide
emergency exit door.
Arrow should point
sliding door opening direction
This mark may be used
a) in a place where it is necessary to
breakage of glass to achieve
access to a key or opening system
b) where it is necessary to break
to obtain the output of the baffle
This sign is placed
on the door to indicate
the opening direction
escape route
the exit stairway
down, left or right
This sign is placed
on the door to indicate
the opening direction
Move to open
Push to open
The direction of the escape route to the exit
down the stairs
Break to gain access
Pull to open

Fire Protection
Sign is used to indicate
fire button or
manual control extinguishing
devices
The mark indicates the position of
phone available
intended to warn
in the event of a fire hazard
Sign standalone or combined
signed
"Starting Hand"
Indicates the location of the fire
extinguisher
To indicate the fire button
or manual control devices
extinguishing
For use in areas where
smoking can cause
fire hazard
Starting Hand
Telephone for use in an emergency
Alarm siren
Extinguisher
Safety signs
Internal hydrant
Smoking not permitted
Smoking not permitted
For use in areas where
smoking or open flames can
cause a fire hazard
Not extinguish with water
For use in all
cases where the use of water
to extinguish the fire is prohibited

CO2 fire extinguishers;
powders with ABC extinguishing powder;
powder fire extinguishers with
extinguishing powder BC;
Foam fire extinguishers;
extinguishers fluid with additional
aqueous solution of.
Fire liquids and solids melting, e.g. .: gasoline,
greases, inks, oils, tars, solvents, etc.
powders with ABC extinguishing powder;
fluid extinguishers with additional solution
of the measure;
foam extinguishers.
Types of portable fire extinguishersType combustible material
and the method of its combustion
Fires solid materials, usually organic, and the normal
combustion takes place with the formation coals, .: E.g.
wood, paper, coal, straw, plastics, textiles, etc.
Group
fire
The use of fire extinguishers

powder fire extinguishers with
extinguishing powder metals.
Fires metal, e.g. .: aluminum, sodium,
potassium, lithium, magnesium or
their compounds.
fats and oils kitchen appliances
The use of fire extinguishers to the appropriate groups of fires
Group fire Type combustible material
and the method of its combustion
Types of portable fire extinguishers
Fire gases, e.g. .: acetylene, butane,
methane, propane, hydrogen,
natural gas and town like.
powders with ABC extinguishing
powder; powder fire extinguishers
with extinguishing powder BC;
fluid extinguishers fats and
energized equipment

An example of a fire extinguisher
Pictograms for fire groups
Group A - fires solids mainly of organic origin of
the occurrence of the phenomenon of glow and
flames
Group B - fires of flammable liquids or materials
melting
Group C - gas fires
Group D - metal fires
Group F - fats and oils, particularly in cooking
appliances

Extinguishers
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Do not quench:
• bodies reactive with water, such as. sodium, potassium, carbolic
acid, calcium
• Area bodies in the form of heat at high temperatures
• installation and live electrical equipment
ACTION
• remove the cotter pin safety
• press the lever
• refer to the source of the fire valve, pressing the lever
Defoamers
ADVANTAGES
• provides rapid cooling by condensing? agent in contact
with the fire
• forms a coating shut-off release of flammable vapors?
liquids and prevents re-ignition
• can be used to extinguish electrical, if they have
information on admission
APPLICATION
fire groups A, B

Extinguishers
Fire extinguishers, portable and transportable
ADVANTAGES
• non-toxic, neutrality
• high penetration of fire cooling and
layering insulation against fire
• the possibility of extinguishing devices
electrical
• powders have increased resistance
to moisture shock and extinguish
fires Group A
• effectively extinguishes fires gas
APPLICATION
• powder extinguishers put out fires Groups A, B, C
• electrical equipment under voltage up to 1 kV
• fire groups D (powder D)
CONTRAINDICATIONS
• should not extinguish
• moving parts of machinery
• computers and electronic equipment
ACTION
• remove the cotter pin safety
• press the lever
• released powder and its performance controlled valve

Extinguishers
Fire extinguishers snow
ADVANTAGES
• extinguishing agent is not required to release the trigger
• mechanically captures the flame through the power of the blast
• operating damping, pushing the oxygen with an inert gas
• cooling effect, the temperature of CO2: -78 ° C
• leaves no traces of use
• applicable for extinguishing voltage
APPLICATION
• fire groups B and C
• plant and equipment under voltage up to 1 kVCONTRAINDICATIONS
Do not extinguish:
• Fire sulfur, carbon, metal lightweight materials, in addition
to which are compounds of cyanides
• burning people
• strongly hot parts construction equipment
ACTION
• remove the cotter pin
• press the release lever CO2
• performance control valve

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