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Plate
Moveme
nts
Based on the theory of plate tectonics
the Earthโ€™s outermost rigid layer is
called lithosphere and broken into
several segments called plates
(Rabago,2010).
It consists of crust and uppermost
mantle. Most plates contain both
oceanic and continental crust.
There are large and small plates which
move very slowly but constantly.
Movement of these plates could also
generate weak or strong earthquakes.
Driven by mantle convection, the
lithospheric plates ride over soft,
ductile layer called asthenosphere.
How do the plates move?
The movement of plates is described by the three types
of plate boundaries:
divergent, convergent and transform boundary.
Divergent
When two plates are moving away from
each other it is called as divergent
boundary.
Plates are forming divergent plate
boundaries like in the formation of rift
valleys and oceanic ridges wherein the
crust is spreading or splitting.
Most divergent boundaries are situated
along underwater mountain ranges.
Convergent
Convergent boundaries form when
two plates move toward each other.
Convergence can involve two oceanic
plates, a continental and an oceanic plate
or two continental plates.
Oceanic trenches, islands arcs, and
mountain belts form at convergent
boundaries. Many of Earthโ€™s most
dangerous volcanoes and largest
earthquakes also occur along these
boundaries (Johnson & Reynolds,2016).
Transform
A plate boundary where plates are
sliding past each other is called transform
boundary. Plates slip horizontally past
each other along transform
faults(Johnson&Reynolds,2016).
Transform fault boundaries may
cause earthquake activities triggered by
movements along the fault system. In the
oceans, transform faults are associated
with mid-ocean ridges.
Transform faults combine with
spreading centers to form a zigzag
pattern on ocean floor.
California(Johnson&Reynolds,2016).
Earthquakes infographics
Mercury
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
01
Venus
Venus has a beautiful
name, but it's very hot
02
Saturn
Saturn is a gas giant
with several rings
04
Jupiter
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all
03
Earthquakes infographics
Mercury
It is the closest
planet to the Sun
7.9
1923
Venus
Venus has a
beautiful name
8.2
1968
Saturn
It is a gas giant
with several rings
9.0
2011
Jupiter
It is the biggest
planet of them all
8.1
1946
Earthquakes infographics
Disaster
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
9-
10 Major
accident
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place
7-8
Serious
accident
Venus has a beautiful
name, but it's hot
6
Accident
Jupiter is a gas giant
and the biggest planet
5
Incident
The Earth is the third
planet from the Sun
3-4
Anomaly
Saturn is a gas giant
and has several rings
1-2
Earthquakes infographics
Earthqua
ke
casualtie
s
Missing
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
3,423
Deaths
Venus has a beautiful
name, but it's hot
16,830
Injuries
The Earth is the only
planet that harbours life
7,890
Earthquakes infographics
Mercu
ry
It is the closest
planet to the Sun
and the smallest
0
1
Venus
Venus has a
beautiful name, but
it's very hot
0
3
Mars
Despite being red,
Mars is actually a
very cold place
0
2
Earth
The Earth is the
third planet from the
Sun
0
5
Jupite
r
Jupiter is a gas
giant and the
biggest planet
0
4
Saturn
Saturn is a gas
giant and has
several rings
0
6
Earthquakes infographics
1โ€“1.9 2โ€“2.9 3โ€“3.9 4โ€“4.9 5โ€“5.9 6โ€“6.9 7โ€“7.9 8โ€“8.9 9+
Micr
o
Minor
Ligh
t
Strong
Maj
or
Great
Richter earthquake magnitude
scale
Earthquakes infographics
Neptune
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun
25 %
Venus
Venus has a beautiful
name, but it's hot
50 %
Mars
Despite being red Mars
is a really cold place
25 %
Earthquakes infographics
Mercury
It is the closest
planet to the Sun
Venus
Venus has a
beautiful name
Saturn
It is a gas giant
with several rings
Jupiter
It is the biggest
planet of them all
Earthquakes infographics
9.
5
Magnitude of
the main shock
20 Monuments
destroyed
90 Countries
offering aid
Mercury
Mercury is the closest planet to
the Sun and the smallest one in
the entire Solar System
Mercury is the closest planet to
the Sun and the smallest one in
the entire Solar System
2010 2011 2012
Earthquakes infographics
Worldwide
earthquakes 2010โ€“
2012 6 to 6.9 150 185 108
7 to 7.9 23 19 12
8 to 8.9 10 10 15
2010 2011 2012
32.12
0
21.95
3
10.03
4
Estimated deaths
Number of
earthquakes
Earthquakes infographics
Mercury
Mercury is the
closest planet to
the Sun
01
Venus
Venus has a
beautiful name,
but it's hot
02
Mars
Despite being
red, Mars is a
cold place
03
Earthquakes infographics
0
2
Cover
Pluto is considered a
dwarf planet
0
1
Drop
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun
Hold On
Ceres is located in the
main asteroid belt
0
3
Earthquakes infographics
Mercury
It is the closest
planet to the Sun
Venus
Venus has a
beautiful name
Saturn
It is a gas giant
with several rings
Jupiter
It is the biggest
planet of them all
Mars
Despite being red
it is a cold place
Earthquakes infographics
75 %
Mercury
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
01 25 %
Venus
Venus has a beautiful
name, but it's hot
02
Earthquakes infographics
Venus
Venus has a beautiful
name but is really hot
01
Mercury
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
02
Neptune
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun
03
Earthquakes infographics
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
Mercury
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
10 %
Venus
Venus has a beautiful
name, but it's very hot
60 %
Jupiter
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all
10 %
Saturn
Saturn is a gas giant
with several rings
20 %
Earthquakes infographics
Mercalli Intensity Richter Magnitude Tremor
I < 3.5 Instrumental
II 3.5 Lightest
III 4.2 Light
IV 4.5 Noticeable
V 4.8 Strong
VI 5.4 Very strong
Earthquakes infographics
Mercalli Intensity Richter Magnitude Tremor
VI 6.1 Strong
VIII 6.5 Violent
IX 6.9 Disastrous
X 7.3 Very disastrous
XI 8.1 Catastrophic
XII > 8.1 Huge catastrophe
Earthquakes infographics
Mercury
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
45 %
Venus
Venus has a beautiful
name, but it's hot
55 %
Earthquakes infographics
Venus
Venus has a
beautiful name,
but it's hot
Mars
Despite being
red, Mars is a
cold place
Neptune
Neptune is the
farthest planet
from the Sun
Jupiter
Jupiter is a gas
giant and the
biggest planet
Earthquakes infographics
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then
paste the new one here. For more info, click here
Mercury
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
100
%
Venus
Venus has a beautiful
name, but it's hot
50 %
Earth
The Earth is the only
planet with life
75 %
Earthquakes infographics
Venus
Venus has a
beautiful name,
but it's hot
2.0
Neptune
Neptune is the
farthest planet
from the Sun
7.0
Jupiter
Jupiter is a gas
giant and the
biggest planet
5.0
Mars
Despite being
red, Mars is a
cold place
4.0
Magnitude of
the main shock
9.
5
Earthquakes infographics
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
38.14ยฐS, 73.41ยฐW,
Chile
1960-05-22
19:11
Valdivia
Earthquake
Earthquakes infographics
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
Mercury
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
10 %
Venus
Venus has a beautiful
name, but it's very hot
40 %
Jupiter
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all
30 %
Saturn
Saturn is a gas giant
with several rings
20 %
Earthquakes infographics
Venus
Venus has a
beautiful name,
but it's hot
01
Mars
Despite being
red, Mars is a
cold place
02
Jupiter
Jupiter is a gas
giant and the
biggest planet
03
Earthquakes infographics
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
Mercury
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
100
%
Venus
Venus has a beautiful
name, but it's hot
50 %
Earth
The Earth is the only
planet that harbours
life
75 %
Earthquakes infographics
75 %
Mercury
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
A
25 %
Venus
Venus has a beautiful
name, but it's hot
B
Earthquakes infographics
01
Jupiter
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all
Mercury
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
02
03
Mars
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold planet
04
Venus
Venus has a beautiful
name, but it's hot
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How Earthquakes are formed and the processes involved.ppt

  • 2. Based on the theory of plate tectonics the Earthโ€™s outermost rigid layer is called lithosphere and broken into several segments called plates (Rabago,2010). It consists of crust and uppermost mantle. Most plates contain both oceanic and continental crust.
  • 3. There are large and small plates which move very slowly but constantly. Movement of these plates could also generate weak or strong earthquakes. Driven by mantle convection, the lithospheric plates ride over soft, ductile layer called asthenosphere.
  • 4. How do the plates move? The movement of plates is described by the three types of plate boundaries: divergent, convergent and transform boundary.
  • 5. Divergent When two plates are moving away from each other it is called as divergent boundary. Plates are forming divergent plate boundaries like in the formation of rift valleys and oceanic ridges wherein the crust is spreading or splitting. Most divergent boundaries are situated along underwater mountain ranges.
  • 6. Convergent Convergent boundaries form when two plates move toward each other. Convergence can involve two oceanic plates, a continental and an oceanic plate or two continental plates. Oceanic trenches, islands arcs, and mountain belts form at convergent boundaries. Many of Earthโ€™s most dangerous volcanoes and largest earthquakes also occur along these boundaries (Johnson & Reynolds,2016).
  • 7. Transform A plate boundary where plates are sliding past each other is called transform boundary. Plates slip horizontally past each other along transform faults(Johnson&Reynolds,2016). Transform fault boundaries may cause earthquake activities triggered by movements along the fault system. In the oceans, transform faults are associated with mid-ocean ridges. Transform faults combine with spreading centers to form a zigzag pattern on ocean floor. California(Johnson&Reynolds,2016).
  • 8. Earthquakes infographics Mercury Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun 01 Venus Venus has a beautiful name, but it's very hot 02 Saturn Saturn is a gas giant with several rings 04 Jupiter Jupiter is the biggest planet of them all 03
  • 9. Earthquakes infographics Mercury It is the closest planet to the Sun 7.9 1923 Venus Venus has a beautiful name 8.2 1968 Saturn It is a gas giant with several rings 9.0 2011 Jupiter It is the biggest planet of them all 8.1 1946
  • 10. Earthquakes infographics Disaster Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun 9- 10 Major accident Despite being red, Mars is a cold place 7-8 Serious accident Venus has a beautiful name, but it's hot 6 Accident Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest planet 5 Incident The Earth is the third planet from the Sun 3-4 Anomaly Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings 1-2
  • 11. Earthquakes infographics Earthqua ke casualtie s Missing Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun 3,423 Deaths Venus has a beautiful name, but it's hot 16,830 Injuries The Earth is the only planet that harbours life 7,890
  • 12. Earthquakes infographics Mercu ry It is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest 0 1 Venus Venus has a beautiful name, but it's very hot 0 3 Mars Despite being red, Mars is actually a very cold place 0 2 Earth The Earth is the third planet from the Sun 0 5 Jupite r Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest planet 0 4 Saturn Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings 0 6
  • 13. Earthquakes infographics 1โ€“1.9 2โ€“2.9 3โ€“3.9 4โ€“4.9 5โ€“5.9 6โ€“6.9 7โ€“7.9 8โ€“8.9 9+ Micr o Minor Ligh t Strong Maj or Great Richter earthquake magnitude scale
  • 14. Earthquakes infographics Neptune Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun 25 % Venus Venus has a beautiful name, but it's hot 50 % Mars Despite being red Mars is a really cold place 25 %
  • 15. Earthquakes infographics Mercury It is the closest planet to the Sun Venus Venus has a beautiful name Saturn It is a gas giant with several rings Jupiter It is the biggest planet of them all
  • 16. Earthquakes infographics 9. 5 Magnitude of the main shock 20 Monuments destroyed 90 Countries offering aid Mercury Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one in the entire Solar System
  • 17. Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one in the entire Solar System 2010 2011 2012 Earthquakes infographics Worldwide earthquakes 2010โ€“ 2012 6 to 6.9 150 185 108 7 to 7.9 23 19 12 8 to 8.9 10 10 15 2010 2011 2012 32.12 0 21.95 3 10.03 4 Estimated deaths Number of earthquakes
  • 18. Earthquakes infographics Mercury Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun 01 Venus Venus has a beautiful name, but it's hot 02 Mars Despite being red, Mars is a cold place 03
  • 19. Earthquakes infographics 0 2 Cover Pluto is considered a dwarf planet 0 1 Drop Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun Hold On Ceres is located in the main asteroid belt 0 3
  • 20. Earthquakes infographics Mercury It is the closest planet to the Sun Venus Venus has a beautiful name Saturn It is a gas giant with several rings Jupiter It is the biggest planet of them all Mars Despite being red it is a cold place
  • 21. Earthquakes infographics 75 % Mercury Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun 01 25 % Venus Venus has a beautiful name, but it's hot 02
  • 22. Earthquakes infographics Venus Venus has a beautiful name but is really hot 01 Mercury Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun 02 Neptune Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun 03
  • 23. Earthquakes infographics Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here Mercury Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun 10 % Venus Venus has a beautiful name, but it's very hot 60 % Jupiter Jupiter is the biggest planet of them all 10 % Saturn Saturn is a gas giant with several rings 20 %
  • 24. Earthquakes infographics Mercalli Intensity Richter Magnitude Tremor I < 3.5 Instrumental II 3.5 Lightest III 4.2 Light IV 4.5 Noticeable V 4.8 Strong VI 5.4 Very strong
  • 25. Earthquakes infographics Mercalli Intensity Richter Magnitude Tremor VI 6.1 Strong VIII 6.5 Violent IX 6.9 Disastrous X 7.3 Very disastrous XI 8.1 Catastrophic XII > 8.1 Huge catastrophe
  • 26. Earthquakes infographics Mercury Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun 45 % Venus Venus has a beautiful name, but it's hot 55 %
  • 27. Earthquakes infographics Venus Venus has a beautiful name, but it's hot Mars Despite being red, Mars is a cold place Neptune Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun Jupiter Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest planet
  • 28. Earthquakes infographics Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here Mercury Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun 100 % Venus Venus has a beautiful name, but it's hot 50 % Earth The Earth is the only planet with life 75 %
  • 29. Earthquakes infographics Venus Venus has a beautiful name, but it's hot 2.0 Neptune Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun 7.0 Jupiter Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest planet 5.0 Mars Despite being red, Mars is a cold place 4.0
  • 30. Magnitude of the main shock 9. 5 Earthquakes infographics Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here 38.14ยฐS, 73.41ยฐW, Chile 1960-05-22 19:11 Valdivia Earthquake
  • 31. Earthquakes infographics Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here Mercury Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun 10 % Venus Venus has a beautiful name, but it's very hot 40 % Jupiter Jupiter is the biggest planet of them all 30 % Saturn Saturn is a gas giant with several rings 20 %
  • 32. Earthquakes infographics Venus Venus has a beautiful name, but it's hot 01 Mars Despite being red, Mars is a cold place 02 Jupiter Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest planet 03
  • 33. Earthquakes infographics Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here Mercury Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun 100 % Venus Venus has a beautiful name, but it's hot 50 % Earth The Earth is the only planet that harbours life 75 %
  • 34. Earthquakes infographics 75 % Mercury Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun A 25 % Venus Venus has a beautiful name, but it's hot B
  • 35. Earthquakes infographics 01 Jupiter Jupiter is the biggest planet of them all Mercury Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun 02 03 Mars Despite being red, Mars is a cold planet 04 Venus Venus has a beautiful name, but it's hot
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