2018 photography course block 2 lighting
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A basic introduction to photography lighting
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2018 photography course block 2 lighting
- 1. LETS SEE LIGHT Seeing it, deciding it, modifying it
- 2. WHAT’S THE EGG GOT TO DO WITH IT? ➤What happens to the shape of egg? ➤How does the shadow shape and depth change? ➤How does the shade and tone of the background change?
- 3. WHERE DOES LIGHT COME FROM? Hint 93 Million miles away!
- 4. NATURAL LIGHT COMES FROM THE SUN ➤ The light you are seeing now was actually on the sun 8 minutes ago! It travels at a speed of 186,000 miles per SECOND ➤ Light is a form of Energy called Electromagnetic Energy. ➤ Waves on the ocean but 100x smaller ➤ Electric Waves and Magnetic Waves vibrate and trail side by side until they hit something and bounce off creating variations of color.
- 6. REFLECTION ➤ Specular reflection ➤ A smooth highly polished surface will give you a narrow beam of light reflected back. ➤ EX: Seeing your face in a mirror is evidence of Specular Reflection ➤ Diffuse reflection ➤ A rough surface will reflect scattered beams of light. Most of the light we see is diffused. ➤ EX: A dusty dirty spoon distorts your facial reflection
- 7. REFRACTION ➤ Is the bending of light ➤ When the light passes through something more dense than air the waves slow down causing them to bend ➤ Our glasses and cameras use curved lenses to slow down the light waves causing them to change directions.
- 8. DIFFRACTION ➤ The spreading out of light waves or particles as they come to an opening different from the one they had been traveling ➤ Shine a light into a pin hole and the light narrows to a small beam on one side but splashes on the other side.
- 9. INTERFERENCE ➤ When the waves of 2 or more separate light sources come in contact with each other ➤ Causes effects like swirling, colored spectrum patterns on the surface of bubbles ➤ 1 wave travels through the bubble while the other wraps around the bubble.
- 12. “ You have to understand how light works before you can learn to bend it to your will! -Laura Sita
- 13. TYPES OF LIGHTKind and Color
- 14. AMBIENT AND ARTIFICIAL ➤Ambient light is the light that nature provides us with. ➤Artificial light is any light added from a manmade source
- 16. LIGHT IS COLORED! ➤ No actually its not! ➤ Sunlight is our light source. The color the sun’s light is actually white. Its a fiery ball of energy emitting lots of colors. Those colors blend together to make white. ➤ As that white light hits various objects Electrons are promoted to higher energy levels to capture the energy, but soon fall back down again. As they do so, they give off photons of new light. Those photons are what determine the colors we see. ➤ When you only see red its because all of the other colors have been absorbed by the object you are seeing, leaving only the red.
- 17. WARM AND COOL LIGHT ➤ We refer to light temperatures in terms of Kelvins or Degrees of Kelvin. ➤ 5000 Kelvin is the typical starting point for midday sunlight or white light. ➤ Warm light is actually white to bluefin terms of temperature. ➤ Cool light is what we are seeing when we traditionally talk about light that gives a hue of reds and oranges.
- 19. SO WHATS THE POINT? ➤ Our Cameras are set at a certain White Balance meaning that they use a std 5000K to judge the white in all scenarios. ➤ Not all whites are white. A white wall light by a candle will have a yellow/ orange hue. Likewise if you hold up a blue paper against a white wall it will shift to a blue hue. ➤ What our eyes automatically do our cameras don’t
- 20. WHITE BALANCEAuto WB is the only Auto thats ok!
- 21. COLORS OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHT➤ Incandescent Light.. ➤ Household light bulbs ➤ Most movie set lights ➤ Generally is harsh and needs to be modified ➤ Tends to be a bit warm which is usually wanted in most scenes.
- 22. FLUORESCENT ➤Long Tubular Light used in offices ➤give off a contest buzz ➤Very difficult to work with and it not generally used in photography ➤Its not flattering in portraits ➤Varies in color from the traditional greenish colorcast to more modern cool white, warm white, and daylight balanced.
- 23. LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED)➤LED is actually an electronic device that, when a current passes through it, produces light. ➤Omit Several colors of light, including red, green, blue, yellow, and white ➤Used in electronic devices, flashlights, traffic signals ➤Harsh so it too should be diffused
- 24. FLASH AND STROBE LIGHTS➤ All the sources of light mentioned before are known as continuous light. ➤ Flash and strobes emit short bursts of light ➤ Harsh and should almost always be modified ➤ Most are balanced to daylight so you can mix them with most all other light sources.
- 25. MAKING THE MOST OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHT ➤ Total Control over your scene -You can shoot anywhere at anytime of day ➤ Stylist Control - With the right lighting set up you can produce portraits that burst with color, clarity, and sharpness…looking like they belong in a fashion magazine. ➤ Color and Emotion - Super important in photography because colors invoke emotions in us. An all white room is sterile and cold where a soft room glowing with reds and yellows feels cozy. ➤ Freeze Action - Artificial lights light flashes and strobes allow you to modify the light when conditions are to dark to use fast shutter speeds to freeze motion.
- 26. LASTLY…THE AUTO WB SETTINGS ➤ Auto - The camera makes the best guess after blending all of the colors temps in a scene. ➤ Tungsten - Little Bulb and it for shooting indoors, under Tungsten or incandescent light. ➤ Fluorescent - Will warm up your shot ➤ Daylight - This is not a std setting but it sets your WB to normal white or 5000K ➤ Cloudy - Generally makes things a bit warmer than daylight. ➤ Flash - When using flash your images can be a bit cool so this setting warms up your pictures ➤ Shade - The light in the shade is usually cooler than daylight so this again will warm up your image.
- 27. Light Modifiers - Reflectors, diffusers, black outs, etc.
- 28. Ready, Set….. Lets Shoot! Lets go look for light,but not just any light but rather quality light!
- 29. • Put your camera in manual • Remember the exposure triangle and how it works for proper exposure • Chose a subject. It can be any subject; a person, plant, animal, fruit, or stuffed animal that you want to photograph. • Shoot your subject with the light in front of them, over top of them, beside them, and behind them. Use the same settings for all 4 images • On a day when the sun is shining (there are 7 days at least one should be sunny..check the weather ahead of time to be prepared for what day you will shoot) Shoot your subject before 10am with the sun shining on their face. • On the same sunny day Shoot your subject between 12pm and 2 pm. The sun should be overhead. • On the same sunny day Shoot your subject between 4pm -6pm with the sun behind them. • You are to control your settings so that you get a proper exposure using your histogram and or meter in your camera. • Select 1 image that you feel is REALLY EXCELLENT and print an 8x10 • Title your image. Write a description of it. Select a price for it. Write this information on an index card and place it in your portfolio along with your image • Bring it to class and be prepared to present your work. Your Assignment
Editor's Notes
- Lets see how light effects a simple ordinary egg! https://youtu.be/qM7CcUrUD2g
- Our Big Beautiful Sun of course. The sun is our earths natural light source. It is the source we always start with when learning to see light. When we are outside, we look up to see the position of the sun. Then we follow the angle of the sun to see how objects are being lit by the sun.
- The most obvious thing about light is that it will reflect off things. The only reason we can see the things around us is that light, either from the Sun or from something like an electric lamp here on Earth, reflects off them into our eyes. Cut off the source of the light or stop it from reaching your eyes and those objects disappear. They don't cease to exist, but you can no longer see them. Reflection can happen in two quite different ways. If you have a smooth, highly polished surface and you shine a narrow beam of light at it, you get a narrow beam of light reflected back off it. This is called specular reflection and it's what happens if you shine a flashlight or laser into a mirror: you get a well-defined beam of light bouncing back towards you. Most objects aren't smooth and highly polished: they're quite rough. So, when you shine light onto them, it's scattered all over the place. This is called diffuse reflection and it's how we see most objects around us as they scatter the light falling on them. If you can see your face in something, it's specular reflection; if you can't see your face, it's diffuse reflection. Polish up a teaspoon and you can see your face quite clearly. But if the spoon is dirty, all the bits of dirt and dust are scattering light in all directions and your face disappears.
- Light waves travel in straight lines through empty space (a vacuum), but more interesting things happen to them when they travel through other materials—especially when they move from one material to another. That's not unusual: we do the same thing ourselves. Have you noticed how your body slows down when you try to walk through water? You go racing down the beach at top speed but, as soon as you hit the sea, you slow right down. No matter how hard you try, you cannot run as quickly through water as through air. The dense liquid is harder to push out of the way, so it slows you down. Exactly the same thing happens to light if you shine it into water, glass, plastic or another more dense material: it slows down quite dramatically. This tends to make light waves bend—something we usually call refraction. (Plastic wrap, water glass, mirror, to demonstrate)
- Light travels in a straight beam, nice and cleanly, then all of the sudden, it hits a wall. In the wall is a hole. The light becomes frantic as the beam tries to squeeze through the opening. The light that is able to force it’s way through the hole splashes out on the other side as it tries to fill the open space on the other side. This is called diffraction.
- Two light sources produce waves of light that travel together and meet up, the waves will interfere with one another where they cross. Interference causes effects like the swirling, colored spectrum patterns. For example bubbles on soap. Two waves of light are occurring at the same time. The first is the solid beam that hits the bubble and travels through it. Part of the light also hits the surface of the soap directly. That causes the light to reflect back and that reflected light then wraps around the bubble. The light passing through the bubble and the light reflecting back around the bubble hit each other and cause interference resulting in the rainbow colors we sometimes see.
- There are several different kinds of light. Each has its own temperature that produces a certain color of light. This is important because the color of light available to you will change how your camera sees and captures the scene.
- Ambient light is any and all available light that you did not add or introduce to a scene. The sun is not the only source of ambient light. If you walk into a room, say a wedding; there may be light coming from a window, light from candles burning, light from the DJ, and light from the installed fixtures. All of this would be your ambient light because you have not added anything to change what is. Artificial light can come from a flashlight, lamp, light switch, candle, flash or strobe. Anything you have added to change the light that was available to you is artificial light. But keeping in mind all we just talked about: Reflected light, refracted light, and diffused light can be both ambient and artificial. This is why it is so important to have a clear understanding of light, including what it is, where it comes from, and how it behaves.
- Our Cameras have the ability to change the color of light it sees. This is done with our white balance option.
- This scale is a little complicated but the point of it is to give you a reference point for how the color of light you see translates in the color temperature on the Kelvin scale. When you see a light that looks very blue it correlates to a much larger Kelvin value like 8000-10000. The you look at a light that seems to look perfectly white.. that would correlate to a 5000-7000 Kelvin value. Likely when you see a light that seems to be more orange that would correlate to a much lower Kelvin value like 1000 - 3000.
- In order to capture a scene properly you must be able to see the colors of light and adjust your cameras white balance according to what you see and how all the light sources blend together. For ex If I want to take a portrait by an open window, my scene has a ambient light that comes from the bright sun through a window that light is about 5000K Then I add a chair and reading lamp to the scene. The lamp may have a Kelvin value of 2500. Then I turn on the lights in the room and they appear to be blue, about 10,000K now I have 3 temperature of light. My camera only sees accurately the 5000K temperature. So my portrait may be correct in some areas but in others areas it may look orange or blue. If I were to correct this I would add the 3 temperature together giving me 17,500 and then divide them by 3 getting about 5800K. I would start by adjusting my white balance to 6000K, take a test shot and then increase of decrease my white balance based on if I wanted the portrait to feel warm or cool.
- Your camera has an auto white balance option. This is the only auto that is Ok to use. The camera looks at al the available light and decides the best white balance setting to use based on what it sees. the camera does a pretty decent job of getting it right most of the time but do not rely on your camera to see what you see. It definitely can not feel your photographic style either.