Anchoring Growth: Unleashing the Wonders of African Cassava A Keynote by Prof. L. O. Sanni Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Development) Country Manager, Cassava: Adding Value for Africa (2008-2019) President, International Society for Tropical Root Crops Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB), Nigeria

1. Anchoring Growth: Unleashing
the Wonders of African Cassava
Prof. L. O. Sanni
Deputy Vice Chancellor (Development)
Country Manager, Cassava: Adding Value for Africa (2008-2019)
President, International Society for Tropical Root Crops
Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB), Nigeria
sannilateef5@gmail.com

3. World Cassava Production Giants

4. Cassava Production in Africa

5. Industries add value to cassava
Farmers provide
cassava
 Incomes for farmers
Value addition from cassava
 Jobs
 Imports
 Food
security

6. How does this work? Who is involved?

7. How it does not work (1)

8. How it does not work (2)

9. Potentials of the Cassava Value
Chain
HighPotentialMediumPotential
Definition Potential Market Size (tons of roots p.aOpportunities Feasibility
–Most optimistic
in terms of
economics and
technical
feasibility for
growth in the
short to medium
term
–Opportunity
has
significant
caveats that
might limit
growth
Low feasibility
High feasibility
10,600,
000
Gari/Lafun/Instant fufu
HQCF 418,000
1,408,450
1,345,000
123,200
300,000
I
Chips for Export
600, 000Livestock feeds
Sugar Syrup
Ethanol
Native starch

10. Pre-production Production Postharvest Marketing
Market
planning
MIS and
Inputs
Finance
Esoko /
MIS
SMS
voice
Mobile –
Phone
Money
Production
tips
Transport
FinanceProduction
Finance
Marketing
decisions
Rural /
Farm-Radio
Feedback Polls
Market price
decisions
Storage
Best
Practices
Best
Practices
Product
Bulking
ICT in Cassava Value Chain- a gold mine
SM Biz
performance
Financial
flows
Insurance
NIC
Traceability
10

11. The Growth Initiative

12. Inclusion Composite Bread Policy
IITA, NRI,

13. HQCF Strategy for import
substitution
Incentives for buy in Awareness creation
Sausage rolls: replacement
of 100% wheat flour / maize
starch binder in filling
Bread: replacement of 10
to 20% wheat flour
Biscuits: replacement of
20% wheat flour
Paperboard: 100%
replacement of maize starch
in paperboard glue
Aggregate Demand (t/yr)
Current 60,000
Potential 504,500
Achievable 300,000
Nutritional
HQCF for home use i.e. pancake, puffpuff..

14. Starch Strategy
1.15 million MT cassava roots
to substitute 50% imports
13 additional Players to
meet annual demand = $
Medium to Long-term
(3 years and above)
• Promote large-scale
factories using 100,000 –
500,000 tonnes of raw
materials per day
Short Term (1-2 years)
• Increase raw material supply
• Promote investment in Starch
industries & related public
infrastructure.
• Promote Clustering & Out-
grower schemes
• Develop R&D on varieties with
higher starch content
Domestic demand
269,000 MT starch

15. Technological Innovations-Flash
Drying Business

16. Evolution of Gari Processing
Technology
Nigerian
Made
Technologies
Brazilian
Technologies
Chinese
Technologies

17. SME Packaged Staple Foods

18. Traditional Food Strategy
Most popular traditional foods from cassava
Garri Fufu1 2
$1.8 Billion Industry
with 10 Million Tonnes
cassava roots required
for Traditional Staple
Foods
Energy efficiency Business linkages Women professionals
Income Generation
Job creation

19. Welcome to CAVA2

20. Cassava Adding Value for Africa Phase II:
Technical leads and lead partners
Country Leads
Lateef Sanni – FUNAAB, Nigeria
Nanam Dziedzoave – FRI, Ghana
Grace Mahende – TFNC, Tanzania
Francis Alacho – AfrII, Uganda
Vito Sandifolo – CC-UNIMA, Malawi
PDO/Technical Leads
Kola Adebayo – Director
Bosola Oladeinde – Deputy Director
Alex Osikhena – Investment Expert
Richardson Okechukwu (IITA) – Production
Ola Ogunyinka (NRI) – MLE
Andrew Westby (NRI) – Principal Investigator and Senior Advisor
• NRI has provided technical backstopping and capacity building across all five countries.
• IITA has provided technical backstopping on production issues across all five counties
• Many, many in-country partners

21. Charitable Purpose
To increase the incomes of smallholder farmers (SHFs) and community
processors through participation in profitable and sustainable cassava value
chains in five sub-Saharan African Countries (Nigeria, Ghana, Tanzania,
Uganda and Malawi).
CAVAII aims to increase the incomes of at least 200,000 value chain actors,
especially smallholder farmers and processors in Nigeria, Ghana, Tanzania,
Uganda and Malawi, by at least USD177 million in 5 years. This will be
achieved through stimulating sales of more than 2 million tons of cassava
into HQCF and other cassava product value chains.

22. CAVA (2008–2014) targeted five countries with cassava
and HQCF markets in varied levels of maturity
Target countries for CAVA grant
Nigeria
• High level of processing pre-project (artificial
drying)More than 41 million tons of cassava produced
/ year
• HQCF already existed
• C:AVA builds on other cassava grants in the region
Ghana
• Moderate levels of processing
• HQCF already existed but not widely used
• Cassava glut; need for additional markets
Uganda
• No knowledge of HQCF or processing cassava
• Importance of fresh root sales makes introducing
processing more difficult
Tanzania
• No knowledge of HQCF
• Low price of wheat flour in urban centers makes
market more difficult
Malawi
• No knowledge of HQCF
• Very high prices of wheat flour makes market slightly
easier
• Importance of cassava increasing due to drought
WellestablishedLessestablished

23. End-users
Semi-
processed
product
HQCF
IGCF
HQCC
HQCG
Roots Grated roots End-use industry using
cassava-based products
• Starch
• Ethanol
CAVA II interventions along the value chain
Roots
Animal Feed
END MARKETSPROCESSING &
VALUE ADDITION
PRODUCTION
• Support farmer organisations
• Increase cassava productivity
• Support Village Processing Units
• Ensure quality
• Business development
services
• Financial services
• Technical support in
processing
• Ensure quality
• Technical support
in adopting HQCF
• Financial services
Farmers grow cassava and
sell semi-processed product
to intermediary
Village Processing Units
Intermediaries (private
sector)

24. • Clustering of farmers around industrial end – users
• Demonstration on Good Agronomy Practices (GAP) to farmers
around industrial processors
• Training on Good Quality Management
• Training of SMEs owners & staff, master bakers, confectionery
makers and interested individuals on HQCF inclusion in
confectioneries and production of laundry liquid cassava starch
• Erection of hybrid-solar drying houses for wet starch producers
• Collaboration with NRI, UK on capacity building of fabricators –
Deployment of flash driers
• Expansion of collaborations with development partners &
organizations
• Market development and linkages
CAVA2 Main strategies

25. 1. Improving incomes of
SHFs,
2. Providing employment
opportunities
3. Improving balance of
payments by reducing
imports
4. Create demand for
appropriate technologies
CAVA II has provided the opportunity to contribute to
African economic growth by:
SHF’s yield and income increased . They had
increased access to very good average price
for FCR offered by Large Scale Processors.
More actors along the value chains engaged
due to price attractiveness & increased
activities along the chain and development of
bulking agents
Multinational FMCG companies now source
food grade cassava starch locally and
investing in R & D. Scarcity of Hard Currency
& promotion of Export of cassava products.
New SMEs are adopting the automatic garri
roaster for packaged garri production and the
NOBEX 6 – Cyclone Flash Dryer was procured
for flour based production

26. CAVA2 in numbers (April 2014
- March 2019)
Target(March 19) Achieved
Countries 5 5
Large cassava processing factories 7
Bin dryers operational in Ghana 20 21
Operational flash dryers 77 87
Number of in-country partners 165
Yield increase 25% 33.7-109.9%
Rural entrepreneurs 295 446
Community Processing Groups 1,015 868
Roots mobilised (tonnes) 2.1 million ca. 2.3 million
Value of roots sold (USD) >100 million
Note: preliminary data, final surveys in progress

27. Value of roots sold into value chains is also ahead of
target
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
SHF Income Target
SHF Income Achieved
Year
SHF
Income
($million)
Estimation of number of beneficiaries is work in progress. Target is 200,000.

28. Training farmers in Good Agricultural Practice has
increased yields in excess of 25% target in response to
market opportunities
Country Yield (t/h)
Baseline
Yield
(t/h)
(Adopting
GAP)
%
increase
Ghana 18.1 24.2
(16/17)
33.7
Malawi 6.8 17.7
(17/18)
38.4
Nigeria 19.1 30.1
(17/18)
57.6
Tanzania 11.0 17.0
(16/17)
54.5
Uganda 16.1 33.8
(16/17)
109.9
Case Study: Nigeria
Est. farmers supplying roots: 20,000-30,000
Farmers trained in GAP: 10,000
Benefit to farmers in Ogun State
Traditional Practice GAP Practice
Cost of production 108,800 160,250
Yield (t/h) 19.1 30.1
Farm Gate Price
(N/t) 12,000 12,000
Total sales 229,200 361,200
Gross income
(Naira) 120,400 200,950
% increase in gross income 67%

29. CAVA Innovations to support value chain
development
• Phone App to link processors with suppliers
• Operationalized agronomic practices
• Measuring starch content at farm level
• Efficient dewatering
• Improved small scale flash dryer (~US$50,000)
• Fuel reduced from 374 to 65 litres/tonne dried product
• Output increased from ~100kg/hr to ~330kg/hr dry product
• Efficiency increased from 11% to 55%
• Nigerian exported to Benin, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Malawi,
Uganda and Tanzania
• Lower cost flash dryer (~US$15,000)
• CASSAVATECH.COM – linking fabricators with processors
• Appropriate Quality assurance
• Uses of cassava products: plywood, paperboard, bakery goods

30. Small-scale pneumatic
30
• Affordable $65,000 to $10,000
• Simple
NRI evaluating the efficiency in Ghana

31. CAVA 2 Nigeria Launches Manuals on Confectionery
and Liquid Cassava Starch Making
CAVA 2 Nigeria has developed
training manuals on confectionery
making from HQCF and Liquid
Cassava Starch (LCS) production.
The manuals were launched at His
Majesty Kitchen Limited, Victoria
Island, Lagos.
100 Copies of Each Manual was
Produced and distributed at each
Training Venue to Participants and
Exhibition Stand

32. Examples of Business Models that Work in
Cassava Value Chains in Nigeria
Business Model Examples
1 Stand-alone SMEs Producing,
Processing and Marketing FCRs
and cassava products
SHFs, Processors, and Foodstuff Sellers in
farming communities and local markets
2 Organised SHFs and Large Farms
Integrated to Industrial Markets
Farmers in CAVA 2 Project areas that were
linked with processors
SMEs
Farmers & Processors Cooperatives
3 Input Suppliers and Agro-dealers State ADPs and Agro-service Corporations;
Notore Fertilizer Company in Nigeria, Syngenta,
NOBEX in Lagos
4 Vertically Integrated Medium -
Large Cassava Factories
Al Fawaz, Iseyin; Tosmat Foods, Soku; Niji Lukas,
Ilero,;Trust Michael, Lanlate and Kofo Agro
Allied, Iseyin
Thai Farms, AADL, Psaltry, Harvest Feed,
MATNA, etc
5 Equipment Leasing and Financial
Service Providers
State & Private Tractor hiring service
BoI, BoA, Commercial Banks and Microfinance
Institutions

33. GROWTH PROJECTIONS

34. Trends in aggregate FCRs Sales to target market
and Total Income of SHFs and Processors in CAVA
2 Intervention areas in Nigeria
y = 101192e0.1844x
R² = 0.8088
y = 3E+06e0.4724x
R² = 0.8537
0
50,000,000
100,000,000
150,000,000
200,000,000
250,000,000
300,000,000
350,000,000
400,000,000
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
TotalIncome(US$)
FCRSales(tons)
Years (2013=1 - 2022=10)
FCR Sales Income Expon. (FCR Sales) Expon. (Income)
Preliminary Projections from Ongoing CAVA2 Impact Study led by NRI UK

35. Projected Trend of FCR into HQCF,
Starch and Ethanol value chain
y = 11108x2 - 4E+07x + 5E+10
R² = 0.7309
y = 4E-161e0.1885x
R² = 0.3447
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
FCRsDemand(tons)
HQCF
y = 23672x2 - 1E+08x + 1E+11
R² = 0.9992
y = 2E-137e0.1619x
R² = 0.4353
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
FCRsDemand(tons)
Starch & Ethanol
Preliminary Projections from
Ongoing CAVA2 Impact Study led by
NRI UK

36. Challenges
• Government inconsistent policy
• Increase in foreign exchange in the
course of the project implementation
• Destruction of cassava farmland by
cattle herdsmen
• Insecurity and communal clashes

37. Lessons Learnt
• Inappropriate credit facilities hinders expansion
of cassava production and SMEs expansion
• Government inconsistent policy especially on
HQCF is affecting the HQCF market
• Lack of regulated prices affects processors.
• Bad road network hinders transportation of
produce to the market
• Securing of NAFDAC Number is cumbersome
and also with other regulatory agencies

38. ROAD MAP TO GROWTH!
 Strategic adoption of Cassava as an African crop
 Ensure the consistent raw material supply to end user industries
 Stimulate increased private sector investment in the
establishment of cassava industries
 Facilitate the establishment of targeted support infrastructures
 Advocate for conducive policy and institutional reforms
for the development of the African cassava sector.
 Promote result based funding of extension services
 Collaboration among Cassava Based Projects on the Cassava
Industry Development Goal.
 Mechanization of cassava production

39. Thank you for
your attention!!

40. CAVA has won multiple prestigious awards
Excellent score for impact as a case study in UK Research
Excellence Framework (REF) 2014