One Health Hackathon 23/10/2020 - Bassirou Bonfoh

afriqueoneaspire.net
www.afriqueoneaspire.net
Enhancing Transdisciplinary
research capacity in Africa
Bassirou Bonfoh (bassirou.bonfoh@csrs.ci)

Content
1. Complexity
2. Capacity
3. Approaches
4. Challenges and needs
5. Conclusions
HEAL-Afrique One-ASPIRE 06.08.2020 2

Facing and managing complexity
3HEAL-Afrique One-ASPIRE 06.08.2020

Facing and managing complexity
Who’s knowledge counts?
Who decides?
Where is the intervention starting point?
Who coordinates the process?
Who covers the cost?
Who assesses the societal impact?...

Capacity and competence
Health is not an outcome of sustainable
developement but a prerequiste to SDGS (cf. Prof
Marcel Tanner, 2008)
Main factors
 Infrastructures
 Services
 Apps
 Education
 Culture
Adressing complexity with new compétences
beyond single approach

All type of knowledge counts
All health system
perspectives to be
considered for problem
solving and valuing the
potential
 Observations
 Meaning from each
perspectives
 Triangulation

Linking disciplines and sectors

Involving all stakeholders in the whole
process

At the end we need a good
symphony!!

Transdisciplinary as the scientific
foundation of One Health
All types of knowledge matter
and need to be given value!
 Academic and non
academic (private,
community, health worker,
government…)
 No matter which sector
leads the process
 Combined scarce
resources from all sectors

Stakeholders dialog around problem
and solutions
Decision makers
(Authorities)
Populations
(targeted)
Scientists
(practitioners)

What is One Health?
"One Health" as a system approach
for cooperation within ecosystems to
solve complex health problems...
An approach validating the added
value of closer cooperation between
human and animal health and related
disciplines in terms (human and
animal health, financial savings and
ecosystem services) that could not be
achieved in sectors working
separately (Zinsstag, 2015)

afriqueoneaspire.net 13
Disciplinary combinations
Bassirou Bonfoh, www.afriqueoneaspire.net

Research dynamics
Bassirou Bonfoh, www.afriqueoneaspire.net 14

Transdisciplinarity
1. Academic and Non-academic Knowledge
2. Process of co-construction of Knowledge
3. Give credit and value to each discipline/sector in the Knowledge
production
Emergence of career
profile
Humanities
Sciences
Society
Medicine
Transdisciplinarity
Interdisciplinarity

WHO, 2009
Costing/ collaboration
Bassirou Bonfoh,
www.afriqueoneaspire.net 16

WHO pays?
Distribution of benefits
0
5000000
10000000
15000000
20000000
25000000
30000000
Intervention
cost
Total
Health
Benefits
Public
health
benefits
Private
health
benefits
Household
income
loss
Agricultural
Benefits
Total
Societal
Benefits
Sector
US$

Evidence and decision
18Bassirou Bonfoh, www.afriqueoneaspire.net
Efficacité des campagnes de vaccination dépend
essentiellement des facteurs liés au comportement des
propriétaires de chiens et la décision sur le financement
des politiques

Motivation
Bassirou Bonfoh, www.afriqueoneaspire.net
• Science & research questions
 Problems
• Society & challenges
 Complex problem analysis
• Solution & mitigation
 Co-design intervention
19

Transdisciplinary as the scientific
foundation of One Health
All types of knowledge matter
and need to be given value!
 Academic and non
academic (private,
community, health worker,
government…)
 No matter which sector
leads the process
 Combined scarce
resources from all sectors

Main challenges
Complexity of problem
Knowledge fragmentation
Language and cultures
Trust and collaboration

What do we need?
New tools and methods that address principles
 System thinking
 Trandisciplinarity
 Participation
 Gender & equity
 Sustainability
Cost-effectiveness
Trust: collaboration, communication, networking
 Resource sharing:
 Societal added value

OH is transformative knowledge for
change (long-term process)
The timeline to behavioural changes - but what's the motivation? (adapted from Hunt L., 2018)
Academic knowledge
LocalKnowledge
HEAL-Afrique One-ASPIRE
06.08.2020
23

Unfinished agenda: validation and
generalisation of evidence
Experiences
 Joint human and animal vaccination
(Chad)
 Reducing public health risks with
improved quality through economic
incentives (Mali)
 Pastoralist mental health may be
improved with high performance in
veterinary services (Ghana)
 Balanced diet accelerates wound
healing and reduces use of
antibiotics, time at hospital (Côte
d’Ivoire)
 Chimpanzee’s dietary behaviour holds
potential for traditional and modern
medicine (Côte d’Ivoire)

Challenges in OH implementation in
pastoral zones
Capacity on system thinking (One Health)
 Creative listening (stakeholders)
 Priority setting and equity (needs, demand)
 Equitable partnerships with overlapping
institutions
 Bias in resource allocation (programmes)
Leadership, ownership, coordination of
interventions
Lack of:
 Evidence on added value
 Community engagement and trust
 Neglected disciplines/sector

Operationalisation of OH
Moving from:
 zoonoses to global health
 capacity of researchers to practitioners
and communities
 science to interventions
To achieve visible health impacts:
 actors and systems must connect to local
innovation dynamics with
 more effective partnerships and
collaboration through
 better defined roles and responsibilities
 including health systems governance
MOOC on transdisciplinarity (Partnering for
Change:Link Research to Societal Challenges)
MOOC on One Health
http://www.futurelearn.com/courses/one-
health/5/)
Obstacles:
 Discipline-based thinking of health
workforce, reporting and surveillance
 Institutional set-up in sectors
 Lack of political will and funding

T h a n k s

One Health Hackathon 23/10/2020 - Bassirou Bonfoh

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One Health Hackathon 23/10/2020 - Bassirou Bonfoh