The document discusses the religious beliefs and practices of the Santal people, an ethnic tribe located in parts of India, Bangladesh, and Nepal. It describes their pantheon of over 150 spirit deities called bongas. It focuses on the practice of libation or drink offerings known as co`or, which are made to appease angry or displeased bongas in order to maintain good relations and avoid disasters. These libation ceremonies often lead to social gatherings involving drinking, dancing, and potentially loose sexual behavior among the young. The author questions whether these practices hinder the progress of Santal society or allow them to remain "tribal" in their outlook.
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Codorre cidir @c author kissunsdb
1. Co`orre – Ci`ir : Santals’ Expressions of Kama
Author : Kissunsdb
The intention of the author is “other things remaining the
same without mentioning or touching or writing or reflecting on
them; he instantly delves into the search of rwskw/happniness,
peace and progeny of Santals ehtnic group. He focuses in on one
of the main elements of life that pivots around the rest of their life
and their culture, called the libations (CO~OR) of their Spirits. The
SANTALS’ sexual energy gets involved in co`or which subsequently
helps them to produce their progeny and sustain their society
through them and it has been inserted into their life’s as a story
true to their living culture.
The author emphasizes how this trend of thinking is an
obstacle in the progressive life and development of a modern
Santal Society, the reason is the Santals think and live in the
present, neglecting the welfare of the future, and hence if one
knows NOTION OF THEIR life after death WHICH IS HAZY AND
bizarre.
I am inviting all the critiques of the world to be a
participant in this under way completion of the Santals’ Kamasutra,
being authored by Kissunsdb
2. Co`orre Ci`ir -Libation to the Spirits : A metaphor of fear of the bongas (Spirits)
and their roles in the life of Santals in General outlook (Santal Kamasutra)
Santal Culture and Religious Expression : Cross-Cultural Outlook …
Kissunsdb (kissun123@rediffmail.com) Dec. 2018
Orientation
Identification. The Santal are the largest of the tribal populations in South
Asia. Santals are found in the three adjoining Indian states of Bihar, West Bengal,
and Orissa. Migrants work in the tea plantations of Assam, with smaller groups elsewhere
in India. There are also Santal communities in northeastern Bangladesh and in the Nepal
Terai, Bhutan and Eastern side of Pakistan. Traditionally their major professions of life are
more mixed farmers with a recent past of hunting and gathering : Santals have found their
way to employment in agriculture and industry all over eastern South Asia. "Santal" is the
only term currently used by outsiders for the tribe. It is also recognized as an ethnic term
by the Santals themselves Hoṛ hopon ko (human children) and Hoṛ ko (men) are used by
them in a more traditional or ritual context.
Religion and Expressive Culture
Religious Beliefs. The Santal pantheon includes about 150 spirit
deities, generally called boNAgas. These deities include a large number of
separate classes, impossible to enumerate here. Some relate to the subclan,
but even here we must distinguish between the boNAga of the place of origin
of the clan and its ancestral boNAga. Each village has a sacred grove, where we
find represented the boNAgas common to the Santal tradition. They are
generally benevolent. The forest bongas, however, are malevolent, and include
the souls of people who died an unnatural death.
Hindu influence is particularly notable in the appearance of Hindu
goddesses as tutelary deities of Santal ojhas. On the one hand, these
goddesses patronize Santal witches and introduce disease; on the other hand,
their patronage is necessary to combat the same evils. Hindu symbols, such as
the trident, have become potent ritual paraphernalia of the Santal ojha.
encyclopedia.com referred
3. • Religious Practitioners. The village priest (naeke ) is identified, with his wife, as
representative of the original Santal couple. Their functions are mainly related to festivals and
recurrent annual ceremonies. He consecrates the animals offered to the sacred grove deities. He
often compares himself with the Brahman of the encompassing society.
• The Santal ojha, a healer and diviner, has several functions. He drives away the malevolent
deities, divines the causes of disease, administers remedies according to considerable medical
knowledge, and expels pain from the body. He learns his basic magical formulas (mantras) from his
master, but he also adds to them from his own experience. An important element in his repertoire
is the sacrifice of his own blood (conceived as menstrual blood) to the boNAgas, for which he
receives a fee. In the rationalization of his practice he employs several Hindu concepts, yet remains
fundamentally within the Santal cultural framework. This position between two Cultures enables
him to interpret his own culture and society.
• Ceremonies. Life-cycle rituals, such as initiation, marriage, and burial are celebrated individually.
But after burial, the final ceremony of gathering the bones and immersing them in water becomes a
collective rite. Other collective rites are related to the agricultural cycle: sowing, transplanting,
consecration of the crops, and harvest festivals, as well as the annual festival of the cattle. Another
cycle concerns the old hunting and gathering traditions, notably the seasonal hunts. The most
important, however, of the festivals related to the old hunting and gathering society is the flower
festival, which is also the festival of the ancestors and related to the fertility of women. Rainmaking
rituals, held in the spring, involve the ritual participation of the village priest, who has the power to
produce rain.
encyclopedia.com referred
4. Now leaving aside all their socio-politico-economical development in
the life of Santals, here I delve into their personal, family and partly their access to
their spiritual beings in whom they believe, and how they express in day-today’s
affairs of their living. And in fact how their present BELIEF SYSTEM and living style
could influence their progeny in near future while being firm in their belief and
thought pattern in relation to the SANTAL UNIVERSE (kissun123@rediffmail.com)
Observe how the Disom Pargana narrates of their origin
and why they should offer Drink Offering and how they should
share as prasada as a sign of close pacified bonding with their
DRIN(K)-KING SPIRIT = consequently SANTALS HAVE THE SPIRIT OF
DRINKING , REVEL in it and IT initiates THEM TO INVEST THEIR
ENERGY in Sexual Pleasures and hence, THEIR THINKING IS
ACCENTUATED as LA} ar LO} LWGIX (too rude to say, but reality is
is) means stomach and orgy
Clip : Piolcu-
hafam-burhi, li>w-
gosqe)
5. Do not trouble and you will not be troubled :
ACKNOWLEDGE the PRESENCE
Libation (Co`or) to angry/displeased
spirit (bonga) is a common methodology to
pacify/smother/purge the anger of the spirit by the
Santals. There are some reasons why the bongas
get angry for instance, willfully or carelessly
neglecting their presence and roles of being
among the Santals. And hence, as living beings
they too need attention in worship and oblation. In
order to be in good and in peaceful relationship
that an individual or the family or the village
community has. If ain anyway …...drink was thus
to associate with the devil in more ways than one,
but the symbolic significance of rice beer makes it
particularly difficult to ban. Having fun (rwskw) is
a fundamental value in Santal culture; Santals find
the Hindus stuffy. Dancing, drinking rice beer,
flirting, and making sexual jokes are all part of
their culture ... Image source :google
6. 150 Santal Deities : Bongas
Access to Bongas - Libation process : CO~OR
The Santals claim that they live and move among the Spirits (bongas) and
they are the ones if displeased can bring disaster and dooms in the life of
an individual, society and among the Santals Tribe as a whole, but wait
what awaits in real life :
Whenever this libations are called for (puja=worship), to ward off the bad
elements of the SPIRIT it follows for a social gathering in sharing rice-
fermented beer and this social sharing goes on for more than a day. Not
only this libations done only during the times of warding off the bad spirit
but also it is done on their biggest festival called sohrae. Sohrae festival is
always done after the harvesting of paddy once in a year. Whatever, is the
case, this libations has called for GREATEST-ILL that brings in the society is
perceived by any ordinary person who has a sense of judgment, that in fact
sohrae celebrations brings more ill effects on the society than the positive
element of social happiness, and progress.
7. Social-Spiritual bonds
The post-spirits-worship brings big-bag social dance, and getting
involved in love-affairs, and it could be a moment any young grown up girls
could loose their virginity, and also elopment, finding partners by young-
boys-girls themselves, and here the obedience to the elders is in question
and not be spoken about. Here there are some aspects of animals
behivaviour at exhibition among santals.
If this is the case can you and me can speak of the progress of
the ethnic group called Santals or they can still be called TRIBALIC in their
ways of outlook, and continue to live lecherous, adulterous, and drunken
with zest for life without thinking of the future?
8. Cutting Short Long Story
• Time does not permit………………….
• Now you yourself deal with the KAMASUTRA OF
THE SANTALS TRIBE/ETHNIC GROUP BEIN POLITE
TO RECOGNIZE THEM AS ONE OF THE MAJOR
ETHNIC GROUP IN ASIA….WELL, REMEMBER THEY
HAD DEVELOPED MORE REFINED KAMASUTRA
(refer back to their folklore) refer to my floated
www.youtube.com/watch?v=g8OWEGTbtXk&t=1
s THAN INDIAN, CHINESE, FRENCH AND MODERN
KAMASUTRA….LEARNING AND EXPRESSSING IN
THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT OF THEIR LIVING.