Hebrews bible study

1. 7
apJ-hpc
]pXnb nb-a-¯nse Hmtcm ]pkvX-Ihpw H¶mw qämWv a-kn-em-
¡phm³ klm-bn-¡p-¶-XmWv, F¶m F{_mb ]pkvXIw AXn-sâ-
sbÃmw Gähpw {]mtbm-KnIamb H¶m-Wv.
F{_mb teJw hmbn-¡p¶ Ccp-]Xmw qäm-W nsebpw
(C-cp-]-¯n-þ-sbm¶mw qäm-Wn-se-bpw) hmb--¡mÀ, CXnsâ BZy
KpW-t`m-àm-¡Ä temI-¯n Ipg-¸-§fpw {]Xn-kÔn-I-fpw XcWw
sNbvXv X§-fpsS hnizm-k-¯n-mbn t]mcm-Sn-bXpw ap³Im-e-§-fnse
Bfp-I-fpsS t£a Ime-L-«-t¯bpw Xncn-¨-dn-bp¶p F¶-XmWv
hkvXp-X.1
NneÀ C¶v {InkvXp-hn-epÅ Pohn-X-¯nv _Z-embn BNmcw PohnX
Ncy-bmbn FSp-¡p¶p F¶ {]tXy-IX mw ImWp-¶p-Wv, F¶mÂ
F{_mb teJw Dd¨p n¡p-hm-pÅ Blzm--amWv ÂIp-¶-Xv.
AXnv tbip ssZh-]p-{X³ BsW¶pw, krjvSn-¡-s¸« FÃm hkvXp-
¡-sf-¡mfpw FÃm krjvSn-I-sf-¡mfpw apI-fn-emWv tbip F¶pw mw
hniz-kn-¡-Ww. AXnv Ahsâ ac-W-¯nepw DbÀs¯-gp-t¶Â]nepw
mw B{i-bn-¡-Ww. IqSmsX, s½ kzÀK-¯n-se-¯n-¡p¶ Nne hnip²
IÂ]--Isf mw ]men-¡pI IqsS sN¿-Ww.
F{_mb teJw Fgp-Xn-b-Xnsâ Dt±-iw, ""{InkvXym-n-Isf {InkvXp-
hn-tmSv tNÀ¯v BWn-b-Sn-¡pI'' F¶XmWv, AXm-b-Xv, Ah-cpsS kml-
N-cy-§Ä F´m-bm-epw, hmb--¡mÀ XpSÀ¶v hniz-kvX-cm-bn-cn-¡Ww
F¶À°w (2:1; 3:12; 4:1; 6:1þ12; 10:22-þ25; 12:25). hnjbw 3:12, 13  tcJ-s¸-
Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.
ktlm-Z-c-·m-tc, Poh-pÅ ssZhs¯ XyPn¨p If-bm-Xn-cn-t¡W-
Xnv Ahn-izm-k-apÅ ZpjvS-lr-Zbw n§-fn BÀ¡pw DWm-
Im-Xn-cn-¸m³ tm¡phn³. n§Ä Bcpw ]m]-¯nsâ NXn-bmÂ
ITn--s¸-Sm-Xn-cn-t¡-W-Xn¶v ""C¶v'' F¶p ]d-bp-t¶-S-t¯mfw
mÄtXmdpw Atymyw {]t_m-[n-¸n-¨p-sImÄhn³.
½psS alm-]p-tcm-ln-X-m-b, tbip-{In-kvXp-hn-sâ ip²o-I-cW {]hr-
¯n-bm {Ink-Xym-n¡v ssZh-t¯mSp kan-]n-¡p-hm³ Ign-bp¶p F¶p
ImWn-¡p-¶Xp IqsS-bmWv teJ--¯nsâ asämcp Dt±-iw. {InkvXp-hnsâ
nb-a-s¯bpw ]utcm-ln-Xy-s¯bpw Ipdn-¨pÅ D]-tZiw hn]p-e-am-¡p-
¶Xv ]pXnb nb-a-¯n F{_m-b-]p-kvXIw am{X-am-Wv. AXn tI{µo-I-
cn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶Xv sblq-Z-{In-kvXym-n-IÄ¡v {InkvXp-hn e`n-¡p¶ ]pXnb
{]Xym-i-sb-bm-Wv.
Cu ]pkvX-I-¯nse ktµiw D]-tZ-i-]-c-amb sXäp-Isf njv{]-`-am-

2. 8
¡n-bn-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. ss__nÄ apgp-h³ ssZh-izm-kn-b-sa¶v hniz-kn-¡m-
¯-hÀ¡v, DZm-l-c-W-am-bn, F{_m-b-te-Jw Hcp imk--bmWv ImcWw
]g-b-n-baw apgp-h³ ssZh-izm-kn-b-am-sW¶ Hcp DbÀ¶ ho£Ww
teJw shfn-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. F{_m-bÀ 1:5þ13 ]d-bp-¶-Xv, ssZhw tcn«p
kwkm-cn-¨-XmWv ]g-b-n-baw F¶pw AXv icn-bmbn XÀPna sNbvXmÂ
ss__nÄ ssZh-¯nsâ hN--ambn Xs¶ ne-n¡p-sa¶pw BWv!
XoÀ¨-bmbpw, ssZh-izm-ko-b-Xsb Ipdn-¨pÅ DbÀ¶ ho£Ww F{_m-
b-te-J--¯n-ep-Å-Xn-t-¡mÄ ]pXn-b-a-¯nse aäp ]pkvX-I-§-fnÂ
ImWp-I-bn-Ã.
AXp-t]m-se, ssZhm-e-b-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn-bpÅ sb-lqZ aXw ]p-Øm-]n-¡-
s¸Spw F¶ D]-tZ-is¯ ]pkvXIw hyà-ambn JWvUn-¨n-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv.
AXv Hcp hn[-¯n ""t{ijvT-am-b-h-bnÂn¶v'' (D-bÀ¶-Xv) ""Ipd-hp-Å-Xn-
te¡v'' (Ip-d-ª-Xv) ]n³hm-§-em-Wv. F{_m-bÀ 8:13 ]d-bp-¶Xv ssZhm-
e-b-t¯m-Sp-IqSn sblqZ aXhpw, Ft¶-¡p-ambn o§-s¸Spw F¶m-Wv.
teJ--¯n ]e Xmt¡m hm¡p-IÄ ImWp-hm³ Ign-bpw. {]tXy-
In¨v cWv Imcy-§Ä ""Ft¶¡pw'' ne-n¡psa¶pw (5:9; 6:2; 9:12, 14, 15;
13:20), ""t{ijvTw'' F¶pw ]d-bp-¶p (1:4; 6:9; 7:7, 19, 22; 8:6; 9:23; 10:34; 11:16,
35, 40; 12:24). ssZhw {InkvXp apJm-´cw ap¡v thWn ""t{ijvT-amb''
NneXv ÂIn-bn-cn¡p¶p (11:40). ]gb nb-a-t¯-¡mÄ F´p-sImWpw
""t{ijvT-amb'' nb-a-amWv ]pXnb nb-aw. CXn-emWv ap¡v ""nXym-h-
Imiw'' hmKvZmw sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶Xv! (9:15 tm¡p-I.)
teJ-I³
ss__n-fnse Fgp-¯p-Im-cn NneÀ, hn-bm-h-Ø-bmÂ, X§-fpsS
Fgp-¯p-I-fn t]À sh¡m-Xn-cn-¡pw. F¶m kphn-ti-j-§-fnepw
tbml-¶msâ teJ--¯nepw teJ-Isâ t]cp-IÄ Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-¡p-I-bm-
Wv. F{_mb teJ--¯n Fgp-¯p-Im-csâ t]À sh¡m-Xn-cp-¶-Xnsâ
ImcWw teJ--¯n ImWp-¶n-Ã.
teJ-Isâ t]À tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯m-¯-Xn-m ]ecpw AXv Fgp-Xn-b-
sX¶v Icp-Xp¶ Fgp-¯p-ImÀ ]e-cp-Wv. s¢aâ v Hm^v tdmw, Xns¯m-kv,
^nen-s¸m-kv, AsÃ-¦n AIzn-emkpw {]nkvIn-Ãbpw Bbn-cn¡mw Fgp-
Xn-b-sX¶v Dulm-t]mlw S-¯p-¶-hÀ Icp-Xp-¶p; F§-s-bm-bm-epw,
Gähpw t_m[y-s¸-Sp-¯m-hp¶ sXfnhp-IÄ hnc NqWp-¶Xv As¸m-
tÃm-kv, _À¶-_m-kv, ]usemkv F¶n-h-cn-te-¡m-Wv.
As¸m-tÃmkv
teJ--¯n D]-tbm-Kn¨ hm¡p-Ifpw sblqZ thZ-im-kv{X-Im-c-m-bn-
cp¶ _n. -kn. 20-þ-G-Un. kn. 50 Â Pohn-¨n-cp¶2 Ase-Ivk-{µn-b-¡m-c-m-bn-
cp¶ ^ntem PpUm-sb-knsâ Fgp-¯p-amWv teJw Fgp-Xn-bXv As¸m-
semkv BsW¶v Icp-Xp-hm³ ImcWw ({]-hr. 18:24), F¶m F{_mb
teJ--hp-ambn Xmc-X½yw sN¿p-hm³ Ahsâ Fgp-¯p-I-sfm¶pw e`y-a-Ã.
B Ap-amw hne-bp-Å-Xm-sW-¦nÂ, G. -Un. 200 Â Fgp-Xnb Ase-Ivk-
{µn-b-¡m-c-mb s¢aânsâ Fgp-¯ns Ipdn¨v ]d-bp-am-bn-cp-¶p. adn¨v

3. 9
]usemkv Bbn-cn¡mw Fgp-¯p-Im-c³ F¶mWv ]d-ª-Xv.3 _p²n-]-c-
amb hnth-Nw Cu Bi-b-¯n AS-§n-bn-cn-¡p¶p F¦nepw As¸m-
sÃmkv FgpXn F¶-Xnv sXfn-hp-I-fpsS A`mhw ne-n¡p-¶p.
_˦-_mkv
_À¶-_mkv Bbn-cn¡mw Fgp-¯p-Im-c³ F¶ Bi-b-¯nv Nne
Ncn-{X-]-c-amb ]cn-K-W--IÄ ÂIp-¶p. G. -Un. 200  acn¨ sXÀ¯p-
ey³ ""_À¶-_mkv Fgp-Xnb F{_mb teJ-s¯'' Ipdn¨v ]d-bpIbpw,
]ns¶ ap-¡pÅ F{_mb teJ--¯nÂn¶v D²-cn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXn-
cp-¶p.4 Ah³ tehy³ Bbn-cp-¶-Xp-sImWpw F{_mb teJ--¯nÂ
tehy-cpsS {]hr-¯n-Isf [mcmfw ]dbp-¶-Xp-sImWpw Ah³ F{_mb
teJw Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-¡p-hm³ km[y-X-bp-Wv; F¶m CXnepw F{_mb
teJ--hp-ambn H¯p tm¡p-hm³ Ahsâ thsd Fgp-¯p-IÄ H¶p-an-Ã.
sbcp-i-te-anse k`-bp-ambn _À¶-_m-kn¶v Gähpw ASp¯ _Ô-ap-
Wm-bn-cp¶p ({]hr. 4:36, 37; 11:24, 26-þ30). {]hr-¯n-IÄ 14:14 Â Ahs Hcp
""As¸m-kvX-e³'' Bbn-«mWv ]d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv, AXn-À°w Ahs aäp
{]tZ-i-§-fnepÅ k`-I-fn-tet¡m, AsÃ-¦n sbcp-itew k`-bn-tet¡m
""ktµ-i-hm-l-I³'' Bbn Ab-¨n-cn-¡mw.
]usemkv
""]usem-knsâ F{_m-b-te-Jw Fgp-Xn-bXv BÀ?'' F¶ ck-I-
c-amb tNmZyw Xsâ skan-mcn Pohn-X-¯n tI«n-cp-¶-Xmbn tdbv
kn. -sÌ-Uvam³ ]d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p.5 ]pcm-X ]mc-¼-cy-¯n Ah-Im-i-s¸-
Sp-¶-Xp-t]mse, F{_mb teJw ]usemkv FgpXn F¶-Xv, Bp-Im-enI
]WvUn-X-·mÀ XÅn-¡-f-ªn-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. Ncn-{X-]-c-amb sXfn-hp-IÄ
FÃm-bvt]mgpw hniz-k-o-b-a-sÃ-¦n-epw, F{_mb teJw ]usemkv FgpXn
F¶p hniz-kn-¡p-¶-h-cpsS km£yw XÅn-¡-f-bm-hp-¶-X-Ã.
]usemkv BWv teJ-I³ F¶-Xn-pÅ sXfn-hv. ""nbaw'' F¶
hm¡v ]e-t¸m-gpw-þ-D-]-tbm-Kn-¨n-«p-ÅXv ]usem-knsâ {]tXyI Nn´-bm-
Wv (F-{_m. 7:22; 8:6þ10, 13; 9:1, 4, 16, 17; 10:16, 29; 12:24; 13:20). ""sSÌ-saâ v''
(U-bm-tX-t¡), AÀ°w ""DS-¼Sn,'' ""hnÂ,'' AsÃ-¦n ""DS-¼Sn'' F¶nh
]usem-knsâ Fgp-¯p-I-fn ImWmw (tdm-aÀ. 9:4; 11:27; 1 sIm. 11:25;
2 sIm. 3:6, 14: Kem. 3:15, 17; 4:24; Fs^. 2:12 tm¡p-I).
]usemkv sbcq-i-te-an Bbn-cp-¶-t¸mÄ, tdma-bnse sblq-Z-
·mÀ¡mbn {]kw-Kambn Ah-X-cn¸n-¨-XmWv F{_mb teJw F¶ Hcp
kn²m´w ]c-¶n-«p-Wv. ]ns¶ Ah³ tdman-se-¯n-b-t¸mÄ, B ktµiw
eqs¡m-knv ]d-ªp-sIm-Sp¯v {]kn-²o-I-c-W-¯n-mbn Fgp-X-s¸-«-Xm-
sW¶pw ]d-b-s¸-Sp-¶p. ""hnh-cn-¸m³ kabw t]mcm'' F¶p kqNn-¸n-¨-X-
p-k-cn-¨mWv Bcw-`-¯n {]kw-K-am-bn-cp¶p F¶v IW-¡m-¡n-b-Xv (11:32).
AXn {]Xn-^-en-¸n-¡p-¶Xv ""km[m-cW {]kw-K-¯nv D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶
{Ko¡v `mj-bm-Wv.''6 ""{]t_m-[ hmIyw'' (13:22), F¶ {]tbmKw hyà-
ambpw {]hr-¯n-IÄ. 13:15 se {]kwKw t]mse-bm-Wv.7 {]hr-¯n-I-fpsS
]pkvX-I-¯nse eqs¡m-knsâ ssien Xs¶-bmWv F{_m-b-te-J--¯n-

4. 10
te-Xpw. AXv AÀ°-am-¡p-¶-Xv, eqs¡mkv Bbn-cp¶p ]usem-knsâ
Aampsb³knkv (""Fgp-¯p-Im-c³'') AYhm F{_mb teJw tIs«-
gp-Xn-b-h³.
F{_mb teJw tdman sh¨v ]usemkv ]d-ªp-sIm-Sp¯v
eqs¡m-knss¡mWv Fgp-Xn-¨-Xm-sW-¦nÂ, AXnsâ Hcp ]IÀ¸v
AhnsS ImWp-sa¶v hniz-kn-¡p-¶-Xn sXän-Ã. A§-s-sb-¦nÂ
AXns Ipdn¨v tdman-ep-Å-hÀ¡v Ipsd hÀj-t¯¡v Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-¶n-
cn-¡-Ww. F§-s-bm-bm-epw, tdmanse s¢aânv (F-gp-Xn-bXv G. -Un.
96Â) teJ-I³ Bcm-sW¶v Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¦nÂ, AXv ]d-ªn-«n-Ã.
aäp k`m ]nXm-¡-·mÀ¡v F{_mb teJ-Is Ipdn¨v ]d-bp-hm-p-ÅXv:
{Ko¡v thZ-im-kv{X-Ú-m-bn-cp¶ (G. -Un. -kn. 150þkn. 215) Ase-Ivk-
{µn-b-¡m-c-m-bn-cp¶ ¢saâ v nco-£n-¨-Xv, ]usemkv F{_mb
`mj-bn Fgp-Xp-Ibpw {Ko¡n-te¡v eqs¡mkv XÀPna sN¿p-
Ibpw sNbvXp F¶mWv.8
Gähpw henb thZ-im-kv{X-Im-c-pw, k`-bnse BZy-Ime ]WvUn-X-p-
am-bn-cp¶ Hdn-sP³ (G. -Un. kn. 185-þ-kn. 254) AXv ]usem-knsâ
{]kw-K-am-bn-«m-bn-cp¶p ]cn-K-Wn-¨-Xv, ]s£, AXv `mj-bm-¡n-bXv
asäm-cm-fm-sW-¶mWv At±lw hniz-kn-¨-Xv.9
sPtdmw (G. -Un. -kn. 347-þ-kn. 420) F¶ emän³ Xncp-sh-gp¯v XÀPn-a-
¡m-cv (Z hÂtK-äv) Fgp-Xn-bXv ]usemkv BsW-¶Xv kwi-bn-
¨n-cp-¶ Imcyw Adn-bm-am-bn-cp¶p. F¶n-cp-¶mepw At±lw ]d-ªp,
""F{_mb teJw Fgp-Xn-bXv ]usemkv BsW¶v mw k½-Xn-
¡-Ww, ]qÀÆ-tZ-i-¯nse k`-IÄ am{X-a-Ã, {Ko¡n Fgp-Xnb
an¡-hmdpw FÃm k`m Fgp-¯p-Imcpw A§-s-bmWv IW-¡m-¡n-
bn-cp-¶-Xv.''10
{Ko¡n Fgp-Xnb FÃm k`m-]n-Xm-¡-·mcpw F{_mb teJw ]usem
-kn-tâ-Xm-sW¶v {]Jym-]n-¨p-sh-¦n-epw, B {]Jym-]w A[n-I-am-fp-Ifpw
apJ-hn-e-s¡-Sp-¯nà F¶-XmWv hmkvX-hw. ]usem-knsâ Fgp-¯p-I-
fn F{_mb `mj-bn {Ko¡v D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶Xv km[m-c-W-bm-bn-cp-¶nÃ
F¶v AhÀ¡v Adn-bmw, AXp-sIm­
Wv teJw ]usemkv Fgp-Xn F¶v
kzoI-cn-¡p-hm³ AhÀ¡v aäp sXfn-hp-IÄ thW-am-bn-cp-¶p.
]usemkv BWv teJ-I³ F¶-Xn-pÅ XS-k-hm-Z-§Ä. Ncn-{X-
]-chpw kmln-Xy-]-chpw, D]-tZ-i-]-c-hp-amb Imc-W-§-fm-emWv hneyw
seWmÀUv ]usemkv FgpXn F¶-Xnv XS-k-hm-Z-§Ä nc-¯n-b-Xv.11
1. ssien. Fgp-Xnb ssien-bn-epÅ hyXymkw ne-hm-c-apÅ XS-
k-am-Wv. ssien-bn-epÅ B hyXymkw FSp¯p ImWn¨v seWmÀUv
hnhcn¨p ]d-ªp,
]usem-knsâ `mj-bnÂn¶pw DbÀ¶ Hcp ne-hm-c-amWv teJ-
-¯nse apgp-h³ {]tbm-K-hpw, ]Z-{]-tbm-K-§Ä apgp-h-pw ...
-hm-NI LS ]ptcm-K-an-¡p¶ coXn im´hpw, Iem-]-c-amb coXn-

5. 11
bn-ep-am-Wv ... im´-amb Hcp Nn´-Isâ ^e-{]-Z-amb cq]-amWv
ImWp-¶Xv, AÃmsX `bm--I-amb Hcp As¸m-kvX-esâ kz`m-h-aÃ
AXn ImWp-¶-Xv. BI-kvan-I-X-bpsS A`m-h-hpw, hmN-I-þ-in-Yn-
eo-I-c-W-hpw, ""n§Ä Adn-bp-¶p-htÃm,'' ""AXp-sImWv mw F´p
]d-tbWp?''F¶ tNmZy-cq-]-¯n-epÅ amä-§fpw, CÃm-¯Xv Ah-Ã
Fgp-Xn-bXv F¶-Xnsâ hyà-amb sXfn-hm-Wv. teJ--¯nse Xmf-
{I-a-w, sblqZ aXm-p-km-cn-bp-tS-Xv F¶nh F{_mb teJ--¯nsâ
atm-lm-cn-Xsb {]tXy-I-X-bp-Å-Xm-¡p-¶p. teJ--¯n-ep-S-ofw n
d-ªp-n¡p-¶Xv tehym {]hr-¯n-I-fm-b-Xn-mÂ, ]usem-knsâ
Bßm-hnÂn¶pw Ay-am-Wv.12
F{_mb teJ--¯nse hnjbw ]usem-knsâ teJ--§-fnÂn¶p
hyXy-kvX-am-I-bmÂ, ssien kw_-Ôn¨v Xmc-Xayw Akm-[y-am-Wv. ^nse-
tamsâ teJ--¯n-tâ-XnÂn¶v ssien A{X Ipd-hm-b-XÃ F{_mb
teJ--¯n-tâ-Xv, ^nse-tam³ Fgp-Xn-bXv ]usemkv BsW¶ Imcyw
hfsc A]qÀÆ-am-bnt« XÅn-¡-f-ªn-«p-Åp. IqSm-sX, AXv {]kw-K-am-bn-
«v, ]n¶oSv Fgp-Xn-b-Xm-sW-¦nÂ, D]-tbm-Kn¨ hm¡p-I-fnse Imhym-ß-IX
sXfn-bn-¡p-¶-Xv, {]kwKw F§s BIÀj-Wn-b-am-¡m-sa¶v Adn-bm-
hp¶ Hcm-fnÂn¶p h¶-XmWv F¶-s{X. tXmakv Pn. tem§v Cu Hcp
Bhn-jv¡mcw Ah-X-cn-¸n¨p:
Fhn-sS-sb-¦nepw Hcp {]mkw-Kn-I³ {]kw-K-cq-t]WbpÅ Ipdn-¸p-
IÄ D]-tbm-Kn¨ hm¡p-I-fmWv F{_mb teJ--¯n-ep-Å-Xv, mS-Iob
{]Xn-I-c-W-¯n-mbn, CS-h-I-bn-se¡v H¶p tm¡n-bn-«mWv DtZzKw
Pn-¸n-¨n-«mWv XpS-cp-¶-Xv, ]ns¶ apjy lrZ-b-¯nsâ NqSp-t]m-
se-bpÅ Xmf-{I-a-¯n-emWv ]d-bp-¶Xv: ""t]mfn-sa-tdmkv Imbn t]mfn
t{Smt]mkv ]em-bn ...'' (""ap¼n-es¯ ]e ]cn-jv¡m-c-§-fn-epw, ]e
`mK-§-fn-epw ...,'' 1:1).13
^nse-tampw ^nen-¸nb teJ-hpw hne-bn-cp¯n seWmÀUv nco-£n-
¨Xv F{_m-b-te-J--¯n D]-tbm-Kn¨ hm¡p-I-fpsS aqe-hm-¡p-IÄ ]
eXpw ]usemkv D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-«pWv F¶m-Wv.14 Nne ]Zm-h-en-IÄ Ah-tâ-
XnÂn¶p XnI¨pw ]pXp-a-bp-Å-Xm-Wv. F¶m ]usem-knsâ a-knv
Akm-[y-amb hm¡p-I-sfm¶pw F{_mb teJ--¯n-en-Ã.
2. As¸m-kvX-e-Xzw. aäp As¸m-kvX-e-·msc t]mse Xm³ Hcp ZrIvkm-
£n-bà F¶p ]d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶-XmWv Hcp XS-kw, AXv Hcp hmN-I-¯nÂ
]d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p, ""IÀ¯mhv apJm-´cw kwkm-cn-¨Xv tI«-hÀ ap¡v
Dd-¸n¨p X¶-Xpw ...'' F§s-bm-bm-epw, ]usemkv Nne-t¸mÄ hmb--
¡m-cpsS hi¯v Ah-sbpw DÄs¸-Sp¯n ]d-ªn-«p-Wv. Fs^kyÀ
2:3 Â, DZm-l-c-W-am-bn, ap¼n-es¯ Fs^-ky-bnse ]m]n-I-tfmSp tNÀ¯v
Ahs ]d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p, ]s£ XoÀ¨-bmbpw Hcp oXn-am-mb sblq-
Z³ F¶ ne-bn-em-Wv, AÃmsX Ah³ Ah-cpsS kz`m-h-¯n s]«-h-
m-bn-«-Ã ]d-bp-¶-Xv.

6. 12
At¸mÄ, F{_mb teJ-w, BZyw {]kw-Kn-¨n-«v, ]ns¶ ]usemkv
Fgp-Xn, asäm-cmÄ (eq-s¡m-kv) `mjm-´cw hcp-¯n-b-Xm-bn-cn-¡mw.
A§s sNbvXXv ]usem-knsâ AwKo-Im-c-t¯m-Sp-Iq-sS-bm-bn-cn-¡pw,
AsÃ-¦n Ahsâ ac-W-ti-j-amWv `mjm-´cw hcp-¯n-b-sX-¦nÂ
Ahsâ k½Xw IqSm-sX-bp-am-bn-cn-¡mw.
XobXn
GUn. 96þÂ tdmanse s¢aâmWv BZyw F{_mb teJw D²-cn¨v Fgp-
Xn-b-Xv.15 G. -Un. 70 se sbcp-itew ssZhm-ebw in-¸-n-¨-Xnp ap³]pÅ
Hcp Xob-Xnbm-bn-cn-¡p-sa¶ ]e Bi-b-§fpw DbÀ¶n-«pWv.
1. sbcp-i-te-ansâ mis¯ Ipdn¨v H¶pw ]d-bm-¯-Xn-mÂ, Kcw
At¸mgpw ne-n-n-¶n-cn-¡pw.
2. ]ptcm-ln-X-·m-cpsS {]hr-¯n-Isf hÀ¯-am--Im-e-¯n- ]d-ªn-cn-
¡p-¶-Xv ]utcm-lnXyw Cu teJw Fgp-Xpt¼mgpw XpS-cp¶p F¶s{X.
G. -Un. 70þÂ ssZhm-ebw in-¸n-¨-tXm-Sp-IqSn FÃm ssZhm-eb ip{iq-
j-Ifpw Ft¶-¡p-ambn n¶p-t]m-bn. tUhnUv G. -s{^³kn ]d-ªp,
sbcp-i-te-ansâbpw ssZhm-eb¯nsâbpw mis¯ Ipdn¨v F{_m-b
te-Jw H¶pw ]d-bp-¶n-sÃ-¦nÂþssZ-hm-e-bm-cm-[-bpw aäpw d±p-
sN-b-XXp kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ hmK-Z-K-Xnsb kw_-Ôn¨pw IqSp-XÂ
Adn-bp-hm³ (-F-{_m-bÀ 9þ10 tm¡p-I) -þ- se-Jw G. -Un. 70 v
ap³]v Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-¡-Ww ... -G-I-tZiw G. -Un. 64 tmSv ASp-¸n¨v
Bbn-cn-¡p-hm³ km[y-X-bp-Wv.16
3. ""]mf-b-¯nv ]pd¯p sNÃpI ...'' F¶ {]t_m-[w (13:13) XoÀ¨-
bmbpw sblqZ aX-¯nse sbcp-i-te-ap-ambn _Ô-s¸-«-XmWv (a¯m. 24;
aÀ. 13; eqs¡m. 21:7þ28 sâ ASn-Øm--¯nÂ), sblq-Zy¡v hcp-hm-n-cp¶
mis¯ Ipdn¨v {]h-Nn¨ {]h-N--amWv B {]tbmKw AÀ°-am-¡p-¶-Xv.
""ne-n¡p¶ Kcw CÃsÃm'' (13:14) F¶ {]tbmKw nco-£n-¨mÂ, AXv
]tcm-£-ambn sbcp-itew K-cs¯ Ipdn¨v ]d-ª-Xm-sW¶v a-kn-em-
Ipw. ]gb kwhn-[mw ""A{]-Xy-£-am-Ip-hm-n-cn-¡p¶p'' (8:13). alm-]p-tcm-
ln-X³ bmKw AÀ¸n-¡p-¶Xv At¸mÄ S-¡p¶ NS§m-bn-«mWv 13:11þÂ
]d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. At¸mÄ F{_mb teJw Fgp-Xn-bXv G. -Un. 70 v
ap³]v Bbn-cn-¡-Ww.
4. 10:32þÂ ]dª D]-{Z-hw, G. -Un. 65 epw AXnp tijhpw tdmanse
otdm-bpsS Iogn S¶ D]-{Zhhpw Bbn-cn-¡p-hm³ km[y-X-bn-Ã. AXv
G. -Un. 50 Ifn ¢utZym-knsâ Ime¯v sblq-Z-·msc tdman n¶p ]pd-
¯m¡n-b-t¸mÄ DWm-bXpw Bbn-cn-¡p-I-bn-Ã. AXv ""ap³]v kw`-hn-¨-Xm-
bn-cn-¡mw.'' B cWp kw`-h-§Ä¡v hfsc ap³]v kw`-hn-¨-Xm-bn-cn¡mw
10:32 se D]-{Z-hw.
GI-tZiw kzoIm-cy-amb Xob-Xn, G. -Un. 63þ64 BWv, F¶m ]p
kvXIw Fgp-Xn-bXv G. -Un. 70 tmSv ASp-¸n-¨m-bn-cn-¡mw.

7. 13
KpW-t`m-àm-¡Ä
]pkvXIw Fgp-Xn-b XobXn XoÀ¨-bm-¡p-hm³ _p²n-ap«v DÅ-Xpt]m
se AXv e`n-¨Xv BÀ¡m-bn-cp¶p F¶p XoÀ¯p ]d-bp-hmpw hnjaw
DWv. Cu ]pXnb nba ]pkvX-I-¯nsâ Gähpw ]pcm-X Is¿-gp¯v
{]Xn-bn ]n46  ""F{_m-bÀ¡v'' F¶ Hcp tase-gp¯v ImWmw. G. -Un.
200 apXÂ ap¡v e`y-amb an¡-hmdpw FÃm Is¿-gp¯p {]Xn-I-fnepw B
tase-gp¯v ImWmw. B tase-gp¯v tNÀ¯Xv Hcp-]s£ ]pXnb nba
]pkvX-I-§-sfÃmw tNÀ¯v Imtm-m-¡nb cWmw qäm-Wn-em-bn-cn-¡mw.
AXv aqe {KÙ¯n CÃm-bn-cp¶p F¶p ]d-bp-hm³ aXn-bmb Imc-W-
§Ä ImWp-¶n-Ã. teJ--¯nv asämcp hnemkw DÅ-Xmbpw sXfn-hn-Ã.
H¶mw qäm-WnÂ, aäp-Å-h-cnÂn¶p hyXy-kvX-ambn ]me-kvXo³ {]
tZ-i¯v Pn-¡p-¶- sblq-Z·msc thÀXn-cn¨v ]d-bp¶ hm¡v Bbn-cp¶p
""F{_m-bÀ'' ({]-hr. 6:1). B[p-nI Ime¯v bn{km-tb-Âþ ""km{_m'' F¶p
hnfn-¡p-¶-Xp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. ]n¶oSv F{_m-bsc tbml-¶msâ kphn-ti-
j-¯n ]d-bp-¶-Xp-t]m-se, ""sblq-Z-·mÀ'' F¶p hnfn-¡p-hm³ XpS-§n.
F§s-bm-bm-epw, tbml-¶m³ ]d-ªn-cn-¡p¶ hm¡nsâ AÀ°w,
""sblq-Zy-bnÂn-¶p-Å-h³'' F¶Xv kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv sblq-Zy-¡mc³
F¶m-Wv, AXv tbip-hn hniz-kn-¨-hsc Keo-e-¡mÀ F¶p hnfn-¨-XnÂ
n¶p hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cp-¶p.
Cu teJ--¯nsâ KpW-t`m-àm-¡Ä hkn-¨n-cp¶ Ømw Dulw
am{X-am-Wv. NneÀ ]pkvXI-¯nse Nn´-I-fnÂn¶p Ap-am-n-¡p-¶p.
teJ-Iv hmb--¡msc ¶mbn Adn-bm-sa¶v A²ymbw 13 hmbn-¨mÂ
a-kn-em-Ipw (13:19, 23). Ah-cpsS ap¼s¯ IjvS-§fpw (10:32), Ah-
cpsS hkvXp-¡Ä F§s jvS-s¸-«n-c-p¶p (10:33, 34) càw Nn´n-
bn-cp-¶nà F¶pw (bm-s¡m_ns t]mse, 12:2) AsÃ-¦n Ah-cpsS
{]nb-s¸-«-hÀ AhÀ¡v jvS-am-bnà F¶pw Ahv Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-¶p.
""càw Nn´Â S-¶Xv'' sblq-Zy-bnse ap³X-e-ap-d-bn-em-bn-cp-¶p (12:4).
CXv hnc NqWp-¶Xv, {]hr-¯n-IÄ 8:1þ4 pw 9:1, 2 pw tij-apÅ
sblq-Zy-bnse ASp¯ Xe-ap-d-bm-Wv, hnti-jn¨v hniz-kn-¡p¶ ]ptcm-
ln-X-·mcpsS Iq«w.
tdman-epÅ sblqZ {InkvXym-n-IÄ
teJ--¯nsâ KpW-t`m-àm-¡Ä¡v Xnsam-sY-sbm-kns hyàn-]-c-
ambn Adn-bm-am-bn-cp¶p (13:23). Ahs Ipdn¨p ]d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-mÂ
NneÀ hnNm-cn-¡p-¶Xv teJw tdma-bn-epÅ Hcp Iq«w Bfp-IÄ¡mWv
Fgp-Xn-bXv F¶m-Wv. B CS-h-I-bnse FÃm-hÀ¡pw Ahs ¶mbn
Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-¶p. F§-s-bm-bm-epw, ]me-kvXo-nse sblq-Z-·mÀ¡pw
Ahs ¶mbn Adn-bm-am-bn-cp¶p ({]-hr. 20:4; 21:3, 8, 15).
F{_mb teJ--¯nsâ ]IÀ¸v tdman s¢aânsâ ssIhiw DWm-
bn-cp-¶-Xp-sIm-Wpw, AXn n¶v D²-cn-¨n-cn-¡-bm-epw, sska¬ sP.
-InâÀta-¡À ]d-ªXv tdmanse {InkvXym-n-IÄ¡v G. -Un. 80 tmSv
ASp-¸n¨v Fgp-Xn-b-Xm-sW¶mWv. XoÀ¨-bm-bpw, ssZhm-eb bmK-§sf
Ipdn¨v ]d-ªn-cn-¡p¶p F¦n-epw, AXnse DÅ-S¡w tdmanse sblqZ

8. 14
{InkvXym-n-IÄ¡v hf-sc-b-[nIw {]tbm-Pw sN¿p-¶-Xm-Wv.
tdma-bn-ep-Å-h-cmWv AXnsâ KpW-t`m-àm-¡Ä F¶v HcmÄ hmZn-
¨mÂ, 10:25þ ]d-ªn-cn-¡p¶ otdm-bpsS Iogn S-¡p-hm-n-cn-¡p¶
D]-{Z-h-§sf HmÀ¡-Ww, B D]-{Zhw BsW-¦nÂ, AXv G. -Un. 63-þ64 Â
kw`-hn-¨n-cn-¡-Ww.17 ap³]v ]dª D]-{Zhw AX-sÃ-¦nÂ, teJw Fgp-Xn-
b-Xv, sUmao-jysâ Iogn S¶ D]-{Z-h¯nv ap¼mbn-cn-¡mw, At¸mÄ,
G. -Un. 80 tem AsÃ-¦n 90 tmSv ASp-¸nt¨m Bbn-cn-¡mw. Cu Imcy-
¯nÂ, ]n¶o-SpÅ XobXn, InÌ-ta-¡À ]dª 80 tmSv ASp-¸n¨v Bbn-
cn-¡p-hm-mWv km[yX.
F§-s-bm-bm-epw, tdma³ hnemkw sXfn-bn-¡-s¸-«n-sÃ-¦nÂ, InÌÀ-
ta-¡À ]dª Xob-Xn¡v ASn-Øm--an-Ãm-Xm-Ipw. ""CX-ey-bnÂn-¶p-Å-hÀ
n§sf hµw sN¿p¶p'' F¶Xv ""CX-ey-bn-ep-Å-hÀ Ah-cpsS hµw
Adn-bn-¡p-¶p'' F¶pw XÀPna sN¿m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv (13:24).18 AXv tdmaÀ
KpW-`m-àm-¡Ä F¶ hmZs¯ ZpÀº-e-am-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv.
teJw tdma-bn-epÅ CS-h-It¡m AsÃ-¦n ho«nse k`t¡m Fgp-
Xn-b-Xm-sW-¦nÂ, ""CX-ey-bn n-¶p-Å-hÀ n§sf hµw sN¿p¶p''
F¶mWv 13:24 XÀPna sNt¿-W-Xv19 (F³-G-F-kv_n). {]tbmKw cWÀ°-
ap-Å-Xm-I-bmÂ, ""CX-ey-bn-ep-Å-hÀ'' F¶v Ffp-¸-¯n FgpXn XÀPna
sN¿m-hp-¶-XmWv (sI-sPhn; GFkvhn). teJ-I³ FhnsSsbÃmw
k©-cn¨v {]_Ôw Fgp-Xntbm, Hcp sNdnb kwLw Ah-tm-Sp-IqsS
DWm-bn-cp¶p F¶ kqN--bmWv ""CX-ey-bn-ep-Å-hÀ'' F¶ {]tbmKw
ÂIp-¶-Xv.20
]cn-hÀ¯w sNbvX Hcp Iq«w ]ptcm-ln-X-·mÀ
""{]t_m-[ hmIyw'' (13:22) sImWp-t±-in-¡p-¶-Xv, ]cn-hÀ¯w
sNbvX Hcp Iq«w ]ptcm-ln-X-·mÀ¡v FgpXn F¶m-Wv (D-Zm-l-c-W-ambn
{]hr-¯n-IÄ 6:7). F§-s-bm-bm-epw, B KpW-t`m-àm-¡-fpsS lrZbw
sblqZ aX-¯n-te¡v ]n´n-cn-ªp-t]m-Ip-hm³ Xocp-amw FSp-¯n-cp-
¶p.21 F{_m-b-cpsS ]utcm-lnXy kz`mhw PmXn-I-fn an¡ t]À¡pw,
an¡ {InkvXym-n-IÄ¡pw kv]jvS-ambn a-kn-em-bn-cp-¶n-Ã; ]s£ AXv
hniz-kn¨ Hcp Iq«w ]ptcm-ln-X-·msc _m[n-¨n-cp-¶p. AhÀ¡v AXnse
DÅ-S-¡hpw ka-bhpw hfsc {]m[m-y-aÀln-¡p-¶-Xm-bn-cp-¶p-þ-Im-cWw
Ah-cpsS Bßm-¡fpw, PohnXhpw AXn B{i-bn-¨n-cp-¶p. tbip
""½psS alm-]p-tcm-ln-X³'' F¶ Imcyw Ahsc sR«n-¨n-cn¡pw
(F-{_m. 4:15, 16; 8:1).
sbcp-i-teapw ]me-kvXopw
sbcp-i-te-an-tebpw ]me-kvXo-n-tebpw {InkvXym-n-I-fmbn Xo˦
sblq-Z-·mÀ¡v Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-¡p-hm³ km[y-X-bp-Wv. CXnsâ KpW-t`m-
àm-¡Ä ""sbcp-i-te-an-epw ]me-kvXo-n-epw DÅ-h-cmWv'' F¶v BZyw
]d-ªXv {IntkmkvXw Bbn-cp¶p (kn. 347-þ-kn. 407), AXv At±-l-¯nsâ
]pkvX-I-amb tlman-eokv Hm¬ lo{_qkv F¶-Xn-em-Wv.22 Nmhp-I-SÂ
NpcpÄ IsW-¯n-b-XnÂn-¶mWv hmb--¡mÀ Ahn-sS-bp-Å-h-cm-sW¶pw

9. 15
AhÀ ]cn-hÀ¯w sNbvX Hcp Iq«w ]ptcm-ln-X-·m-cm-bn-cp¶p F¶pw
hne-bn-cp-¯n-bXv.
Hcp-]-s£, sbcp-itew k`-bn Xs¶-bpÅ A²y-£·msc thdn«v n
À¯n Ahsc kwt_m-[ sNbvX-Xm-Ip-hmpw km[y-X-bp-Wv (13:17,
24). AhÀ sblq-Z-·mcpw PmXn-Ifpw CS-I-eÀ¶-h-cm-bn-cp¶p F¶ Hcp
kqN--bp-an-Ã.23 l{Zn-bsâ Iogn Hcp {]t£m`w S-¡p-¶Xp hsc (G.
-Un. 132-þ135), sbcp-itew k`-bn F{_m-bsc sImWp nd-ªn-cp¶p
F¶mWv bptk-_n-bkv ]d-ª-Xv.24
teJ--¯n D]-tbm-Kn¨ DbÀ¶ ne-hm-c-apÅ {Ko¡v sh¨p tm¡p-
t¼mÄ, KpW-t`m-àm-¡Ä ]me-kvXo³ImÀ BIp-hm-n-S-bnà F¶mWv
^nsb³kn ]d-ª-Xv. B `mK-¯pÅ {InkvXym-n-IfpsS {Ko¡v, ""cWmw
`mj-bpw, AXpw {]mIrXamb Adnhp sh¨p-ÅXpw'' Bbn-cp-¶p.25 KpW-
t`m-àm-¡Ä ]ptcm-ln-X-·mÀ Bbn-cp¶p F¦nÂ, AhÀ Bfp-Isf D]-
tZ-in-¡p-¶-hÀ Bbn-cp¶p F¦nepw, k¦oÀ®-amb {Ko¡v kwkm-cn-¡p-
¶-h-cp-ambn ASp¯v CS-]-g-In-bn-cn-¡mw. AXn-p-]p-d-sa, asämcp `mj-bnÂ
Fgp-Xp-¶-Xn-t-¡mÄ, AXv hmbn¨v a-kn-em-¡pI F¶-XmWv apJy
Imcyw. AXp-sIm-Wv, AhÀ¡v teJw Ffp-¸-¯n a-kn-embn ImWpw.
F{_m-bÀ 2:3 FSp¯v, hmb--¡mÀ sblq-Zy-cm-bn-cn-¡p-I-bn-Ã,
ImcWw AhÀ IÀ¯m-hns ImWp-Itbm tIÄ¡p-Itbm sNbvXn-«nÃ
F¶ hmZ-hp-ap-Wv. Fs^-kyÀ 2:3 teXp-t]m-se, Fgp-¯p-Im-c³, Xs¶
hmb--¡m-cpsS Øm¯v nÀ¯n-bn-cn-¡p¶p F¶-Xnsâ asämcp sXfn-
hmWv CXv. F{_mb teJw Fgp-Xn-bXv G. -Un. 63  AsÃ-¦n 64 Â
F¶p ]d-bp-t¼mÄ, an¡ k`m-²y-£-·mcpw At¸m-tg¡pw acn-¨n-cn-¡pw.
(13:7 se `qX-Imew {i²n-¡p-I.)
F{_m-bÀ 10:25 s HcmÄ F§s hymJym-n-¡p¶p F¶-X-p-k-cn-¨n-
cn¡pw sblqZy F¶ e£y-Øm- km[yX. ]pkvX-I-¯nse hm¡p-Ifpw
tbip-hnsâ {]h-N--§fpw H¯n-cn-¡p-hm³ (a-¯m. 24; aÀ. 13; eqs¡m.
21), ""mÄ ASp-¯n-cn-¡p¶p'' F¶-Xnse ""mÄ'' F¶Xv Bbn-c-¡-W-
¡nv sblq-Z-·mÀ IjvSX Ap-`-hn-¡p-¶-Xmbn a-kn-em-¡-Ww. AXv
kw`-hn-¡p-¶Xv G. -Un. 70 Â sbcp-itew hogp-Ibpw ssZhm-ebw in-
¸n-¡bpw sNbvX-t¸m-gm-bn-cp-¶p. HcmÄ¡v tcmKtam ac-Wtam Ft¸m-gmWv
hcp-¶-sX¶v Adn-bm-¯-Xp-t]m-se, IÀ¯m-hnsâ aS§n hchv tm¡n-bn-
cp-¶m ""ImWp-hm³ Ign-bp-I-bnÃ'' ImcWw ka-b-kq-N ""AS-bmfw''
Bbn ÂIn-bn-«n-Ã. tbip a¯mbn 24 epw, aÀs¡mkv 13 epw, eqs¡mkv
21 epw ÂInb AS-bm-f-§Ä, temIm-h-km-s¯ Ipdn-¨p-Å-X-Ã, adn¨v
sbcp-i-te-ansâ hogv¨sb Ipdn-¨p-Å-Xm-Wv. Cu thZ-`m-K¯n tbip
ÂInb AS-bm-f-§Ä sbcp-i-te-ansâ mi-t¯m-S-p-_-Ôn-¨pÅ kw`-
h-§Ä Bbn-cp-¶p, Ah G. -Un. 66þpw 70 pw CS¡v nd-th-dn-bn-cp-¶p.
sbcp-itew hogv¨-bpsS AS-bm-f-§-fnÂn¶p hyXy-kvX-ambn tbip
Xsâ cWmw hc-hns Ipdn¨v ]d-ªp, ""B mfpw mgn-Ibpw kw_-
Ônt¨m Fsâ ]nXmhv am{X-a-ÃmsX Bcpw, kzÀK-¯nse ZqX-·mcpw ]p{X
pw IqsS Adn-bp-¶nÃ'' (a-¯m. 24:36). Ahsâ aS§n hc-hnv AS-
bm-ftam kqN-tbm CÃ. adn¨v ÂInb AS-bm-f-§fpw kqN--Ifpw

10. 16
FÃmw G. -Un. 70þse sbcp-itew mi-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸-«h am{X-am-bn-
cp-¶p.26 Cu hymJymw sblqZybnse hnip-²-·mÀ¡v thZ-`m-K-¯nsâ
AÀ°w hn]p-e-am-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv, Ah-cm-bn-cn-¡Ww teJ--¯nsâ BZy
hmb--¡mÀ, AÃmsX tdmantem, AsÃ-¦n aäp Øe-§-fn-ep-Å-htcm
Bbn-cn-¡p-I-bn-Ã.
At¸mÄ, à Hcp XoÀ¸v Fs´-¶mÂ, Cu {]_Ôw sblq-Zy-bn-epÅ
BZy hmb--¡mÀ¡v tbip ap³]v ÂInb {]h-N--§fpw sbcp-i-te-
ansâ hogv¨sb Ipdn-¨pÅ ap¶-dn-bn-¸p-Ifpw hfsc {]tbm-Pw sN¿p-
¶-Xm-Wv. sbcp-i-te-ansâ hogv¨ ASp-¯n-cn-¡-bmÂ, HmSn-t¸m-tI-WXpw
AXp-hsc hniz-kvX-cmbn Pohn-t¡-W-Xp-am-bn-cp-¶p. teJw Fgp-Xn-bXv
G. -Un. 70 p sXm«p ap³]mWv F¶p tXm¶p-¶p. At¸mgpw ssZhm-ebw
ne-n-¶n-cp-¶p, ]s£ AXv hogp-hm³ t]mIp-¶p.
H¶mw qäm-WnÂ, Ggmw-þ-Z-im_vZ at²y Pohn-¨n-cp¶ bYmÀ°
""F{_m-bÀ¡m-bn-cp¶p'' teJw XoÀ¨-bmbpw Fgp-Xn-bn-cp-¶Xv
F^v. -F-^v. {_qkv ]d-ªp, ""... -C-t¸m-gpÅ ½psS Adnhv Ap-k-cn¨v
teJw Fgp-Xn-bXp Fhn-S-¯p-Imsc Dt±-in-¨m-bn-cp¶p F¶p XoÀ¯p
]d-bp-hm³ km[y-a-Ã. `mKy-h-im AXnsâ hymJymw B tNmZys¯
kzX-{´-am¡n nÀ¯n-bn-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv.''27
]pkvX-I-¯nsâ kmamy nbaw
Fgp-Xn-bXv Bsc¶p hyà-a-Ãm-¯Xv kmam-y-n-b-a-s¯bpw tNmZyw
sNbvtX-¡mw, ""F{_mb teJw ss__n-fn DÄs¸-Sp-¶-XmtWm? AXv
hmkvX-h-¯n Xncp-sh-gp¯v Xs¶-bmtWm?'' G. -Un. -aq¶mw qäm-Wp-
hsc ]qÀÆ tZi-¯p-Å-hÀ, teJw ]pXn-b-n-b-a-¯n DÄs¸-«-XmtWm
F¶p tNmZyw sNbvXn-cp-¶n-Ã. k½-Xn¨v Fgp-Xn-b-h-cn bqtk-_n-bkpw
DÄs¸-Sp¶p (kn. 263-þ339). ]pkvX-I-§sf t]mse Ah-bpsS izmkn-b-
Xbpw tNmZyw sN¿-s¸-«n-«p-Wv.28
]mÝmXy tZis¯ tdmanse s¢aâ v F{_mb teJw Imtm-n-I-
sa¶v kzoI-cn¨v Fgp-Xn-bn-cp-¶p. ]usem-kn-m Fgp-X-s¸«p F¶-Xnsâ
ASn-Øm--¯nem-bn-cn¡mw AXv kzoI-cn-¡-s¸-«-Xv. {InkvXp-hns ""nXy
]nXm-hmbn'' ]mÝmXy tZis¯ t]mfn-ImÀ¸pw G. -Un. 115  k½-Xn¨v
Fgp-Xn-bn-cp-¶p, AXv F{_mb teJ--¯nsâ {]Xn-^-ew BI-Ww.29
F§-s-bm-bm-epw, ]mÝmXy tZi¯v CXnsâ kzoIm-cy-X¡v hfsc
kabw FSp-¯p. G. -Un. 393 se lnt¸m kp¶-l-tZmkv hsc ]pXnb
nb-a-¯nse Ccp-]-t¯gp ]pkvX-I-§fpw HutZym-Kn-I-ambn AwKo-I-cn-
¡-s¸-«n-cp-¶n-Ã.
tdmanse s¢aâ v F{_mb teJ--¯nse ]e `mK-§fpw, ]d-bp-Itbm
D²-cn-¡p-Itbm sNbvXn«pw, ]mÝmXy temI-¯p-Å-hÀ ]pkvX-Is¯
kzoI-cn-¡p-hm³ Xma-kn-¨Xv, F´p-sIm-Wm-sW¶v HcmÄ kwi-bn-
t¨-¡mw. Npcp-¡-¯nÂ, As¸m-kvX-e-mWv Fgp-Xn-bXv F¶-Xn-pÅ
sXfn-hp-I-fpsS A`m-h-am-bn-cp¶p Imc-Ww. As¸m-kvX-e³ tdmanÂ
sh¨v FgpXn ]qÀÆ-Zn-¡n-te¡v (sb-lq-Zy) Ab-¨-Xm-sW-¦nÂ, Hcp-]s£
BcmWv Fgp-Xn-bXv F¶v tdman-epÅhÀ ad¶p t]mbn-cn-¡mw. A¡m-c-

11. 17
W-¯m-em-bn-cn¡mw s¢aânsâ ac-W-tijw AXv D]-tbm-Kn-¡m-Xn-cp-¶-
Xv. AXn-ep-]-cn-bm-bn, sbcp-itew ssZhm-ebw in-¸n-¡p-¶-Xnp ap³]v
sblq-Zy-bnse sblq-Z-·m-cpsS ]cn-io-e-s¯ Ipdn¨p hnhcn-¨n-cp-¶-Xn-
mÂ, tdman-epÅ sblq-Z-·mÀ AXns Ipd¨p am{Xw D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-Itbm
A`n--µn-¡p-Itbm sNbvXn-cn-¡mw. k` Bcw-`n¨v ap¸-¯n-þ-b©p hÀjw
Ign-ªn«mWv teJw FgpXn-bXv, asämcp ap¸Xp hÀjw Ign-ªn-«mWv
s¢aâ v Fgp-Xn-b-Xv, At¸m-tg¡v tdman-ep-Wm-bn-cp¶ BZy-Ime AwK-
§-sfÃmw acn-¨p-t]m-bn-cn-¡mw; At¸m-tg¡pw Ahn-sS-bp-Wm-bn-cp-¶-hÀ
Fgp-Xnb Bsf Ipdn¨v ad¶p t]mbn ImWpw. AXmWv kw`-hn-¨-sX-¦nÂ,
tdman-ep-Å-hÀ¡v, F{_mb teJ--¯nsâ Imtm-n-knän hniz-kn-¡p-
hm³ {]bmkw tcn-«n-cn-¡mw.
AXnÂn¶p hyXy-kvX-am-bn, ]qÀÆ-tZ-is¯ ]me-kvXo³ImÀ
F{_mb teJw HmÀ½n-¨p-. te-Jw BZy-ambn e`n-¨-hÀ XoÀ¨-bmbpw
AXnsâ teJ-I³ Bcm-sW¶v HmÀ½n-¨n-cn-¡pw. IqSm-sX, Hcp {]kw-K-
t¯-¡mÄ Hcp {]_Ôw HmÀ½n-¡p-hm-mWv Ffp-¸w, {]tXy-In-¨v, AXv
XpSÀ¨-bmbn, {i²-tbmsS hmbn-¨mÂ.
]pkvX-I-¯nsâ ]pd-sa-bpÅ
{]hÀ¯w
G.Un. 70 se sbcp-i-te-anÂn¶pÅ cWv HmSn-t¸m-IÂ, AXnsâ
`mhnsb _m[n-¡p-¶-Xm-bn-cp-¶p. H¶v dºn tbml-t¶m³ k¡m-bnsb
Hcp ihs]-«n-bn Npa¶p sImWp-t]m-b-t¸mgpw ]ns¶ asäm¶v tdma³
sP-d shkvt]-jy³ sblqZ ]cn-io-ew ]p-tc-Io-I-cn-¡p-hm³ {ian-
¨-t¸m-gp-am-bn-cp-¶p. dºn-am-cpsS sblqZ aX-¯nv ASn-Ømw C«Xv
Ahsâ {]hÀ¯ ^e-am-bn-cp-¶p.
asämcp Hm«w S-¶Xv sbcp-i-te-anse hniz-kvX-amb k`-bp-tS-Xm-bn-cp-
¶p. {InkvXym-n-IÄ HmSn-t¸m-bXv {InkvXp-hnsâ IÂ] Ap-k-cn-¨m-bn-
cp¶p F¶mWv bptk-_n-bkv ]d-ª-Xv (a¯m. 24:15, 16; aÀ. 13:14; eqs¡m.
21:20, 21), sZ¡-s¸m-en-bnse PmXn-I-fpsS ]«-W-amb s]Ã-bn-te-¡m-bn-cp¶p
AhÀ HmSn t]mbXv. ""temI-¯n Hcp Imc-W-hp-an-ÃmsX''30 BWv tdmam
sskyw hn«p t]mb-Xv, At¸m-gm-bn-cp¶p {InkvXym-n-IÄ c£-s¸-«-Xv.
shkvt]-jy-tâbpw ssSä-kn-tâbpw Iogn tdmam-¡mÀ aS§n h¶v
ssZhm-ebw in-¸n-¨v, Ahn-sS-bpÅ Bcm-[ temI-¯n-Ân¶v njv¡m-
kw sNbvXp.
sblq-Zm-cm-[--bn h¶ Cu hnkva-bm-h-l-amb amäw, ]qÀ®-amb
]pXn-b-n-ba k` ""ssZh-¯nsâ bYmÀ° aµn-c-am-Ip-hm³'' Imc-W-am-Ip-
Ibpw sNbvXp (Fs^. 2:19-þ22; 1 ]s{Xm. 2:4þ8). F{_mb teJw Fgp-Xn-
bXv G. -Un. 63-þ67 Ime-L-«-¯n-emWv F¦nÂ, sblqZ {InkvXym-n-IÄ¡v
ssZhm-e-bhpw AXns {]Xn-n-[mw sNbvX-hbpw jvS-am-bXv XcWw
sN¿p-hm³ aXn-bmb kabw e`n-¨n-cn-¡pw. Cu ]pkvXIw Fgp-Xn-b-Xv,
ssZh-Im-cp-Wy-¯mÂ, ssZh-¯nsâ shfn-¸m-Sn-m sblqZ {InkvXym-n-
IfpsS D]-{Z-h-§sf AXn-Po-hn-¡p-hm³, Biz-kn-¸n¨v ap¸-Xp-hÀj-¯nv
tijw k`sb ne-nÀ¯p-hm³ klm-b-I-c-am-bn.

12. 18
F{_mb teJ--hpw
]g-b-n-ba D²-c-Wn-Ifpw
F{_mb teJ-I-v, ss__nÄ D²-c-Wn-IÄ e`n-¨Xv sk]vXz-PnânÂn-
¶m-bn-cp¶p (LXX). _n. -kn. 150 tmSv ASp-¸n-¨m-bn-cp¶p ]gb nbaw
apgp-h-pw, {Ko¡n XÀPna sNbvXv ]qÀ¯n-bm-¡n-b-Xv.31 ""]cn-ip-²m-ßmhv
Acp-fn-s¨-bvX-Xp-t]mse'' F¶ {]tbm-K-t¯m-Sp-IqSn k¦oÀ¯--§Ä
95:7þ11 D²-cn-¨-XmWv F{_m-bÀ 3:7. ]g-b-n-b-a-¯nse Nne Imcy-§Ä
""]cn-ip-²m-ßmhv kqNn-¸n-¨-[Xmbn]'' teJ-I³ ]d-ªn-cn-¡p¶p (9:8).
ain-lsb Ipdn-¨pÅ k¦oÀ¯--§Ä 40:6þ8 se hm¡p-IÄ F{_m-bÀ
10:5þ7 Â ImWmw. ]g-b-n-b-a-¯nse B D²-c-Wn-IÄ ssZh-izm-kn-b-X-
bpsS DbÀ¶ DZm-l-c-W-§-fm-Wv.
]pkvX-I-¯nsâ kmlnXy cq]w
F{_mb teJw ]pXn-b-n-b-a-¯nse aäp ]pkvX-I-§-fp-ambn Xmc-
Xayw sN¿m-hp-¶-X-Ã, ImcWw AXv Bcw-`n-¡p-¶Xv {]_-Ô-am-bpw, ]n
s¶ `h-m-´-co-£¯n-em-¡p-I-bpw, Ah-km-n-¸n-¡p-¶Xp teJw Bbn-
«p-am-Wv.32 ssien-bn-epw, Nn´-bn-epw, hmZ-K-Xn-bn-epw, ]pcm-X ]Ån-I-
fnse {]kwKw t]mse-bp-Å-XmWv F{_mb teJw F¶mWv sPbnwkv
tXmwk¬ ]d-ª-Xv.33
LSm cq]-¯n-epÅ _mly-cq-]-tcJ
I. {InkvXp F¶ hyàn (1:1þ4:13)
G. ssZhnI kz`mhw (1)
_n. apjy kz`mhw (2)
kn. {]hm-NI hmIyw (3:1þ4:13)
II. {In-kvXp-hnsâ ]utcm-lnXyw (4:14-þ10:18)
G. Ahsâ DtZymKw (4:14-þ7:28)
_n. Ahsâ ]utcmlnXy tPmen (8:1þ10:18)
1. ]pXnb DS-¼Sn (8)
2. {]mb-Ýn¯w (9)
3. bmKw (10:1þ18)
III. {]hÀ¯--¯nsâ {]mtbm-Kn-I-Xbpw AwKo-Im-chpw
(10:19-þ12:29)
G. t«hpw Ipg-¸hpw (10:19-þ39)
_n. hnizm-k-¯nsâ hnP-b-§Ä (11)
kn. {]mtbm-Kn-IX (12)
IV. hyàn-]-c-amb Ah-km hm¡v (13)
Ipdn-¸p-IÄ
1tdbv kn. -sÌ-Uvam³, lo{_yp-kv, Z sFhn]n yq sSÌ-saâ v Isaâdn
kocokv (Uu-sWgvkv t{Kmhv, Ill.: CâÀhmgvknän {]kv, 1992), 9. 2F{_mb

13. 19
teJI³ h¶Xv ""^ntemsb t]mse kvIqÄ Hm^v Ase-Ivkm-{µn-b³
PqUm-bn-k-¯n n¶p Xs¶-bm-Wv ...'' LXX se Nne hmb--IÄ Ah³ ]
d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶Xv ^ntem-bnepw F{_m-b-te-J--¯nepw am{X-amWv DÅ-Xv.
(knUvWn kn. tkmth-gvkv, Z slÀsa-yp-«nIvkv Hm^v ^ntem Bâ v lo{_p-
kv, t_sk ÌUokv Hm^v Xntbm-fPn w. 1 dn¨vaWv, hm.: tPm¬ tmIvkv
{]kv, 1965], 66-þ68.) 3sska¬ sP. -In-ävkvta-¡À, FIvkvs]m-kn-j³ Hm^v Z
F¸n-Ìn Sp Z lo{_pkv, yp sSÌ-saâ v Isaâdn ({Kmâ v dm¸n-Uvkv, ssa¡v.:
t_¡À _p¡v lukv, 1984), 7. 4sXÀ¯p-ey³ Hm¬ tamsUÌn 20. 5sÌ-Uvam³ 10.
6tU-hnUv G.-^n-sb³kn, yp sSÌ-saâ v C³s{Sm-U-£³, FIvkv]v., Z tImtfPv
{]kv, F³-sFhn Isaâdn (tPm-¹n³, tam.: tImtfPv {]kv ]»n-jnMv I¼-n.,
1994), 330. 7sUm-WmÄUv K{Xn ]d-ªp, "" "{]t_m-[ hmIyw' F¶-Xnsâ AÀ°w,
13:15 teXp-t]m-se, Hcp apjn-¸³ [Àt½m-]-tZiw kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv teL--¯nsâ
LS BZyw {]tXyI kml-N-cy-¯nse {]kw-K-ambpw ]ns¶ hyàn-]-c-amb ]
cm-aÀi-§Ä IqsS tNÀ¯v teJ cq]-¯n-em-¡n-b-XmWv.'' (sUmWmÄUv K{Xn,
Z seäÀ Sp Z lo{_q-kv: B³ C³s{Sm-U-£³ Bâ v Isaâ-dn, Z Sn³tUÂ
yp sSÌ-saâ v Isaâ-dokv [{Kmâ v dm¸n-Uvkv, ssa¡v.: U»n-bp-Fw. -_n.
-GÀUvam³kv ]»n-jnMv I¼-n., 1983] 31). 8bqtk-_n-bkv Ft¢-kn-bm-Ìn-¡Â
lnÌdn 6.14. 9C-_n-Uv., 6.25. ]usemkv BWv teJ-I³ F¶mWv Hdn-sP³ ]
d-ª-Xv. 10-sPtcmw setägvkv 129.3. Cu XÀPna s{IbnKv BÀ. tImsb-ÌÀ, lo{_q
kv: G yp {Sm³tÉ-j³ hn¯v C³s{Sm-U-£³ Bâ v Isaâ-dn. Z B¦À
ss__nÄ, hmeyw. 36 (yp tbmÀ¡v.: U_nÄtU, 2001), 27.
11-hneyw seWmÀUv, BZÀjn]v Hm^v Z F¸n-Ìn Sp Z lo{_qkv (tdmw:
h¯n-¡m³ t]mfn-t¥m«v {]kv, 1939), 18. B ]WvUn-X³ ]d-ªXv F{_mb
teJw Fgp-Xn-b-Xnsâ ]n¶n ""]usem-knsâ akv'' Bbn-cp¶p F¶m-Wv.
Ahsâ ]pkvX-I-¯nse ssienbpw hm¡p-I-fp-amWv F{_mb teJ--¯n-ep-
Å-Xv. 12-C-_n-Uv. 13-tXm-akv Pn. tem§v, lo{_qkv CâÀs{]t«-j³ (eq-bn-kznte:
tPm¬ tmIvkv {]kv, 1997), 4. 14-se-WmÀUv 24-þ26. 15-sP-bnwkv sam^mäv tdmanse
s¢aânsâ ]pkvX-I-¯nÂn¶v D²-cn¨v tdmanse k`-bnÂn¶v sImcn´y k`-
bn-te¡v H¶mwþ-q-ämWnse Hcp teJ-I³ Hcp teJw Fgp-Xn-bn-cp-¶-Xmbn ]
d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p (^Ìv F¸n-Ìn Hm^v s¢aâ v), AbmÄ¡v F{_mb teJw
Adn-bm-am-bn-cp¶p (sP-bnwkv sam^mäv G {InSn-¡Â Bâ v FIvsk-sP-än-¡Â
Isaâdn Hm¬ Z F¸n-Ìn Sp Z lo{_qkv [[yp tbmÀ¡v: NmÄkv kv{In_
vtgvkv k¬kv, 1924; do{]nâ v, FUn³_tdm: Sn & Sn ¢mÀ¡v, 1952], xiiiþxiv).
16-^n-sb³kn, 325. 17-C-_n-Uv., 325. 18InsÌ-ta-¡À 16-þ18. 19hneyw sl³{Un-Ivk¬,
ss__nÄ kÀth: G s{S-jdn Hm^v ss__nÄ C³^Àta-j³, 3Uv FUn.,
sdh. -Bâ v FÂ. ({Kmâ v dm¸n-Uvkv, ssa¡v.: t_¡À _p¡v lukv, 1947), 429.
20{_p¡v t^mkv shÌvtIm«v, Z F¸n-Ìn Sp Z lo{_q-kv: Z {Ko¡v sSIvkäv hn¯v
tm«vkv Bâ v FtÊbvkv (e-W³: amIvan-ó & I¼-n., 1889; do{]nâ v, {Kmâ v
dm¸n-Uvkv, ssa¡v.: U»n-bp-Fw. -_n. -GÀUvam³kv ]»n-jnMv I¼-n., 1973), xliv.
21]ptcm-ln-X-·mÀ {InkvXp-hn-te¡v ]cn-hÀ¯w sNbvX tijw F´p kw`-
hn¨p F¶-Xns Ipdn¨v hn]p-e-amb Hcp {]kvXm-h K{Xn, 33-þ34 Â ImWmw.
AhÀ ""A{]-k-à-cmbn'' ]utcm-lnXy tPmen DSs Xs¶ Dt]-£n-t¡Wn h¶p,
AXv AXym-h-iy-am-bn-cp-¶nà F¶mWv Icp-Xp-¶-Xv. 22{IntkmÌw tlman-eokv

14. 20
Hm¬ Z F¸n-Ìn Sp Z lo{_qkv BÀKp-saâ v 2. 23shÌvtIm«v xxxvi. 24-bp-tk-
_n-bkv Ft¢-kn-bm-Ìn-¡Â lnÌdn 4.5. 25-^n-sb³kn, 326. 26As¸m-kvX-e-·m-
tcmSv tbip XpSÀ¨-bmbn ""n§Ä'' F¶p ]d-ªXv kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv AXnsâ
nd-th-d AhÀ Pohn-¨n-cp¶ B ""Xe-ap-d-bnÂ'' Xs¶ F¶mWv (24:34). 27-F^v.
F^v.-{_qkv, Z F¸n-Ìn Sp Z lo{_q-kv, Z yq CâÀmjvW Isaâdn Hm¬
Z yp sSÌ-saâ v ({Kmâ v dm¸nUvkv, ssa¡v.: U»n-bp-Fw. -_n. -GÀUvam³kv
]»n-jnMv I¼-n., 1964), xxxv. 28bqtk-_n-bkv Ft¢-kn-bm-Ìn-¡Â lnÌdn
3.3; 6.13. 29t]mfn-¡mÀ]v F¸n-Ìn Sp Z ^nen-¸n-b³kv 12; tIzm«Uv C³ hneyw
seWmÀUv, BZÀjn]v Hm^v Z F¸n-Ìn Sp Z lo{_q-kv. (tdmw: h¯n-¡m³ t]m
fn-t¥m«v {]kv, 1939), 5. 30tPmsk-^kv hmgvkv 2.19.1.
31Hgn-I-gnhv 10:30  ImWmw. AXv H¶p-In kam-´c {]tbmKw, AsÃ-¦nÂ
]g-b-n-ba {Ko¡nÂn-¶pÅ D²-c-Wn-bm-Wv, AXns Ipdn¨v ap¡v C¶v Adn-
bn-Ã. AXv ]usemkv tdmaÀ 12:19  D²-cn-¨-Xp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. 32-s-bn BÀ.
-sse-äv^p-«v, Pokkv ss{IÌv SptU: G Isaâdn Hm¬ Z _p¡v Hm^v lo{_q-
kv, ({Kmâ v dm¸nUvkv, ssa¡v.: t_¡À _p¡v lukv, 1976), 43. 33-sP-bnwkv
tXmwk¬, Z seäÀ Sp Z lo{_q-kv, Z enhn§v thÀUv Isaâdn (B-Ìn³,
sSIvkv.: BÀ. -_n. kzoäv I¼-n., 1971), 8.

15. 21
{InkvXp-hnsâ t{ijvTX
I. {InkvXphpw Ahsâ {]hr-¯nbpw (1:1þ10:18)
G. ]p{X-m-b, {InkvXp (1:1þ4:13)
1. {InkvXp {]hm-N-I-·m-tc-¡mÄ hen-b-h³ (1:1þ3)
G. ssZhw kwkm-cn¨p (1:1, 2)
_n. ]p{Xsâ kz`m-hhpw al-Xzhpw (1:2, 3)
2. {InkvXp, ZqX-·m-tc-¡mÄ hen-b-h³ (1:4þ2:18)
G. {InkvXp, ssZh¯nsâ ]p{X³ (1:4þ14)
_n. {InkvXp, ap-jysâ c£-I³ (2:1þ18)
(1) Dt]£ hnNm-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-s-Xnsc ap¶-dn-bn¸v
(2:1þ4)
(2) {InkvXp-hnsâ bmKhpw DbÀ¸pw (2:5þ18)
(G) {InkvXp-hns ZqX-·m-tc-¡mÄ Xmgv¯epw
acWw Bkz-Zn-¡epw (2:5þ8)
(_n) {InkvXp, ½psS c£m-m-b-I³ (2:9þ13)
(kn) IjvS-Xtbä, {InkvXp-hns DbÀ¯n
(2:14-þ18)
3. {InkvXp, tamsi-tb-¡mÄ hen-b-h³ (3:1-þ4:13)
G. {InkvXp, As¸m-kvX-epw alm-]p-tcm-ln-Xpw
(3:1þ6)
_n. {InkvXp-hnsâ hn{iaw (3:7þ4:13)
(1) ITn lrZ-b-¯n-s-Xnsc ap¶-dn-bn¸v (3:7þ19)
(G) Xncp-sh-gp¯v sXfnhv (3:7þ11)
(_n) bn{km-tb-ensâ ]cm-Pb ImcWw (3:12-þ19)
(2) bn{km-tb-ensâ hmKvZmw {InkvXym-n-IÄ¡v
(4:1þ13)
(G) iº¯v hn{i-as¯ Ipdn-¨v aq¶p {]t_m-[-
-§Ä (4:1þ4)
(_n) iº¯v hn{iaw ne-n¡p¶p (4:5þ11)
(kn) {InkvXym-n-IÄ¡pÅ ssZh hNw
(4:12,13)
_n. {InkvXp-hnsâ alm-]u-tcm-lnXyw (4:14-þ10:18)
1. Ahsâ Imcym-ebw (4:14-þ7:28)
G. Al-tcm-tâ-Xn-t-¡mÄ DbÀ¶-XmWv {InkvXp-
hnsâ alm ]utcm-lnXyw (4:14-þ5:10)
(1) ssZh-t¯m-SpÅ {In-kvXp-hnsâ kmao]yw
(4:14-þ16)
(2) alm-]p-tcm-ln-Xsâ ]¦v (5:1þ4)
(3) alm-]p-tcm-ln-X³ BIp-hm-pÅ {InkvXp-hnsâ
tbmKyX (5:5þ10)
_n. ]Iz-X-bn-te-¡pÅ ap¶-dn-bn¸pw {]t_m-[-hpw

16. 22
(5:11-þ6:20)
(1) Dt]-£-bpsS ]cm-Pbw (5:11-þ14)
(2) hnizmk XymK-¯nsâ ap¶-dn-bn¸v (6:1þ8)
(3) ssZh hmKvZm--§-fpsS Dd¸v (6:9þ20)
kn. a¡n-sk-tZ-¡nsâ AÛpX ]utcmlnXyw (7:1þ28)
(1) A{_-lmapw a¡n-sk-tZ¡pw (7:1þ10)
(2) a¡n-sk-tZ-¡nsâ {Ia-{]-Imcw {InkvXp-hnsâ
]utcm-lnXyw (7:11-þ22)
(3) XnI-hpÅ Ønc-am-b-Xmb {InkvXp-hnsâ
]utcmlnXy nÀÆ-lWw (7:23-þ28)
2. Ahsâ ]utcm-lnXy tPmen (8:1þ10:18)
G. {InkvXp-hnsâ ip{iq-j-bpsS t{ijvTX (8:1þ13)
(1) Ahsâ ]pXnb ip{iqj (8:1þ5)
(G) kXy IqSm-c-¯nse ip{iq-j-I³ (8:1, 2)
(_n) ÂIp-hm³ NneXv DÅ ]ptcm-ln-X³
(8:3, 4)
(kn) amXr-I-{]-Im-c-apÅ ]ptcm-ln-X³ (8:5)
(2) Ahsâ ]pXnb nbaw (8:6--þ13)
(G) t{ijvT hmKvZm--§-fpÅ nbaw (8:6, 7)
(_n) o¡w sNbvX-Xn-t-¡mÄ hyXy-kvXw
(8:8, 9)
(kn) a-knepw lrZ-b-¯nepw Fgp-Xnb nbaw
(8:10-þ12)
(Un) Hcn-¡epw ]g¡w hcm-¯Xv (8:13)
_n. ]pXnb nb-a-¯nsâ t{ijvTX (9:1þ28)
(1) kam-K-a IqSm-c-¯nÂn-¶pÅ ]mT-§Ä
(9:1þ10)
(G) hnip² Øehpw D]-I-c-Whpw (9:1, 2)
(_n) AXn hnip² Øew (9:3þ5)
(kn) {]mb-Ýn¯ Znhkw (9:6, 7)
(Un) Ae-¦m-c-§fpw AS-bm-f-§fpw am{Xw
(9:8þ10)
(2) {InkvXp-hnsâ ac-Whpw {]mb-Ýn-¯hpw
(9:11þ15)
(G) {InkvXp-hnsâ t{ijvT-amb {]mb-Ýn¯w
(9:11-þ14)
(_n) XymK-]qÀ®-amb ac-Whpw nXym-h-Im-
ihpw (9:15)
(3) {InkvXp ]pXn-b-n-ba-¯nsâ IÀ¯mhv
(9:16-þ22)
(G) Hcp nbaw {]m_-ey-¯n hcp-¶Xv
(9:16, 17)
(_n) ]gb nb-a-¯nse càw (9:18-þ20)

17. 23
(kn) càw IqSmsX hntam-Nw CÃ (9:21, 22)
(4) ssZh k¶n-[n-bn-Â {InkvXp {]th-in-¡p¶p
(9:23-þ28)
(G) kzÀKob amXrI (9:23, 24)
(_n) tbip Hcn-¡-embn AÀ¸n¨p (9:25, 26)
(kn) Hcn-¡Â ac-W-w, ]ns¶ ymb-hn-[n
(9:27, 28)
kn. {InkvXp-hnsâ bmK-¯nsâ t{ijvTX (10:1þ18)
(1) bmK-Øew (10:1þ10)
(G) Ah ng Bbn-cp¶p (10:1, 2)
(_n) Ah HmÀ½-bm-bn-cp¶p (10:3, 4)
(kn) Ah bYmÀ° bmK-¯nsâ ng (10:5þ7)
(Un) Ah BZy nb-a-am-bn-cp¶p (10:8þ10)
(2) {InkvXp-hn-m-epÅ ip²o-I-cWw (10:11-þ18)
(G) {InkvXp, ½psS Ccp¶ IÀ¯mhv (10:11, 12)
(_n) {InkvXp, ½psS Im¯n-cn-¡p¶ IÀ¯mhv
(10:13, 14)
(kn) {InkvXp, ½psS XnIª {]mb-Ýn¯w
(10:15-þ18)
II. hnizm-k-¯n-epÅ S¸v (10:19-þ13:25)
G hnizm-kw, ""Poh-pÅ Hcp ]pXp-hgn'' (10:19-þ12:29)
1. ssZh-t¯mSv DbÀ¶ kmao]yw (10:19-þ39)
G. hnizm-k-¯n-pÅ ImcWw (10:19-þ25)
_n. ap¶-dn-bn¸v: ]m]w ac-Ws¯ sImWp-h-cp¶p
(10:26-þ31)
kn. HmÀ½n-¡p-hm-pÅ {]t_m-[w (10:32-þ39)
2. {]hr-¯n-bn-epÅ hnizmkw (11:1þ40)
G. hnizmk hnh-cWw (11:1)
_n. hnizmk {]ZÀiw (11:2, 3)
kn. oXn-am-·m-cm-b-h-cpsS Nn{Xw (11:4þ7)
Un. hnizm-kn-I-fpsS ]nXmhv (A-½-bpw) (11:8þ12)
Cu. ssZh- hmKvZm--§Ä e`n¨n-sÃ-¦nepw AhÀ hniz-
kvX-cm-bn-cp¶p (11:13-þ16)
F^v. hniz-kvXÀ IjvS-X-bm ]co-£n-¡-s¸«p (11:17-þ29)
Pn. bn{km-tb-en-tâbpw cmlm-_n-tâbpw hnizmkw
(11:30, 31)
F¨v. hnPb mb-I-·mcpw hnizm-k-m-b-I-·mcpw (11:32-þ38)
sF. hnizm-kn-I-fpsS FÃmw kw£n]vXw (11:39, 40)
3. AXn-i-bn-¸n-¡p¶ hnizmk iàn (12:1þ29)
G. {InkvXp, ½psS hnizmkw ]qÀ¯n-bm-¡p¶-
h³ (12:1þ3)
_n. ssZh a¡-fpsS A¨-S¡w (12:4þ11)
kn. ssZh Ir]-bm hnizmk Pohn-X-¯n-pÅ Dt¯-

18. 24
Pw (12:12-þ17)
Un. knm-bn-bn sh¨p-Wmb tXPkpw ""kzÀKob sbcp-
itew''/kotbm-n DÅ al-Xzhpw X½n DÅ
A´cw (12:18-þ24)
Cu. Ah-km ap¶-dn-bn¸v: ssZhs¯ XyPn-¨m-epÅ A]-
ISw (12:25-þ29)
_n. Ah-km {]t_m-[--§Ä (13:1þ25)
1. kvtln-¡p-hm³ HmÀ½n-¡pI (13:1þ6)
2. ]qÀÆ-]n-Xm-¡-·m-scbpw ½psS alm-]p-tcm-ln-X-tbpw
HmÀ¡pI (13:7þ16)
3. Ct¸m-gs¯ A²y-£-·mÀ¡v Iogvs¸-«n-cp¶p aäp-Å-
hÀ¡v thWn {]mÀ°n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pI (13:17-þ19)
4. ssZh-¯n-te¡pw ktlm-Z-c-§-fn-te-¡p-sa-¯pI
(13:20-þ25)