Herpetology is the study of amphibians and reptiles. It involves learning about different species of snakes, lizards, crocodiles, turtles, and more. Some examples provided in the document are the green tree python, green sea turtle, Nile crocodile, and plumed basilisk. Each of these species is described in terms of its habitat, behaviors, and conservation status. Herpetology draws from Greek roots and aims to advance understanding of reptiles and amphibians through scientific research.