2. 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
“TATA Motors” is an Indian multinational company founded in 1945 by J.R.D Tata, headquartered in Mumbai,
Maharashtra. It is a subsidiary of the Tata Group belonging to the automotive industry and is a leading global
automobile manufacturer of cars, trucks, vans, buses and defence vehicles, including wide range of products
and services with a revenue of USD 42 billion. Its portfolio of products include Car and Utility vehicles, Trucks
and Buses, Defence and Homeland Security and Jaguar Land Rover.
The business of Tata Motors generally focuses on commercial and passenger vehicles in a well-known brand
portfolio with a mission “to be passionate in anticipating and providing the best vehicles and experiences that
excite our customers globally”. (TATA Motors)
Presently, the company is focussed on launching Gen X Nano passenger vehicle in Canada which was a
successful launch in India as the world’s cheapest car. The company’s strategy is to establish its brand to a new
market through the scenario of an existing, foreign company, wishing to take an existing product or service and
launch it in Canada.
GenX Nano which is an existing well known product of the company in India is being modified and launched in
Canada within the price range of CAD $8000-$10,000 in the month of May, 2016. The price range of the car is
again the lowest as compared to other automotive competitors and will hopefully achieve its set goals and
objectives in acquiring the market share through the price strategy of market penetration. The strategic focus of
the company is to enter the market with the lowest possible price along with best technological feature and then
eventually increase the prices as it is successful in grabbing the set market share in Toronto, Canada.
According to the marketing plan, the company is planning to open a single outlet unit in Toronto along with
many service centres for the primary target market i.e. the youth population of Toronto who can easily afford a
brand new car as their first car in high school. The indirect distribution strategy involves the manufacturing of
the product in India itself and retailed in Canada to reach the final consumers.
The manufacturing capacity would be increased as per the new Canadian market and opening up of a new outlet
store in Toronto would cost around $3,28,000 and is expected to generate a revenue of $240 million in the
upcoming year 2016. The outlet would eventually increase in respect to the rising demand and the company is
planning to expand their market in Canada for the upcoming years with a mission “to build families” and grow
and develop along with the youth in order to maintain long term relationship and customer loyalty towards
GenX Nano.
3. 2. STRATEGIC FOCUS
2.1 Mission Statement of the company
Catering to the students and being their first car, we hope to expand as they start to multiply as a family. We
want to be a great part of this family and hope to have a car for each of your experiences with a mission "to
build families".
2.2 Marketing Objectives
TATA Motors is focussed on increasing its market share globally by launching its new Gen X Nano in the
Canadian Market. The car is launched to perfectly meet the needs of the customers with a low disposable
income i.e. students, in demand for a cheap and durable car over second-hand car market.
The following objectives of the company have been set on the basis of the expected revenue of TATA Motors
through sale of Gen X Nano in Canada. Hence, the expected number of units to be sold is based on the
probability of customers successfully acquired in respect to the number of customers approached or aware of
the product.
2.2.1 Short-Term Objectives:
Sell at least 2,000 units within 30 days of the product launch.
To target a minimum of 5% growth in revenue every quarter.
Opening of service centres across various locations in the city once the initial target of 2,000 units has
been achieved.
2.2.2 Long-Term Objectives:
To achieve a market share of 20% by 2018.
To expand the market share of Tata Motors by selling at least 75,000 units by 2018.
Maintaining the best quality within the estimated cost budget of the product Gen X Nano.
2.3 Competitive Advantage
Tata Motors has a competitive advantage of providing the lowest priced car Gen X Nano as compared to other
automotive competitors in the market. The company has the first mover advantage in launching the world’s
cheapest car in the Canadian market.
4.
5. 3. SITUATION ANALYSIS
* World known Company with
Strong Brand Value
* World's Smallest and Cheapest
Car
* Good Fuel Efficiency
* Low maintenance and handling
Cost
* Limited presence in US/Canada
Auto Markets
* Not much Customer
engagement program and
activities
* Needwide and extensive
dealers, distributions and service
network
* Perceived as a cheap product
which repels the aspirational
customers and Uncertainty about
brand positioning in new auto
market
* Capitilize on the fact it is the
most affordable car and acquire
new customers
* Diesel and electric variance
* Reduce parking spaces and
traffic jams
* Second hand/Used Car Markets
can be motivated
* Legal, Health and Safety
Barriers
* Competition with other big
automobile giants
* Product Innovations and frugal
engineering by competitors
* Sustainable and
Environmentalism- extra cost for
this low cost product
6. 4. MARKET STRATEGY
The company is adopting the price factor i.e. Market Penetration as their basic marketing strategy. The company
is entering the Canadian market through very low selling price as compared to all the competitors in order to gain
a good market share and could possibly increase the price in future once the market is under control
4.1 Market Segmentation
4.1.1 Economically: The Gen X is designed to target individuals who fall in the range in the social economic
segment of Middle Class Professionals, with an income level ranging between $35000.00 to $65000.00 CAD
annually.
4.1.2 Demographically: Young to middle aged professionals that are looking for cost effective, fuel efficient
and trendy cars that are easy to own and maintain. In addition, there is also the youngsters that are in college,
university who wish to own a fuel efficient, high technological world’s cheapest car.
4.1.3 Geographically we are launching the Gen X Nano in only one metropolitan city of Canada in the
introductory stage of the cycle; the city of choice will be Toronto, which is well equipped to host the launch. It
is the most populated city as was highlighted by statistics of Canada and so it will be the ideal city to start. Over
the years we are planning to enter other geographic areas such as other major cities throughout the country with
the objective to dominate the Canadian small car market as we plan to increase market share through our
promotional strategies.
SEGMENTATION
4.2 Target Market
The company will try to capture the market demand of the youth that purchase used cars as their first car after
they get their G license in Toronto. Gen X Nano will be a brand new car that will be competitive in price, and
better in mileage as well. Further, the company will also try to cap the senior citizens, as the car is a Compaq
hatchback that requires less of a space to drive, and has well placed security standards which are a best fit for
the senior citizens.
4.3 Market Positioning
This will be a valuable car as it offers fuel efficiency and affordable pricing this “hot cake” will be amongst the
top cars in the automobile industry as we will be offering high class technological features for such a low price.
The car will be a hatched back four seated with heating, electric and will adopt the ‘Go Green’ ideology in the
future. So this car will offer a touch of personalised character of the owner in each selection as Gen X is here to
meet and exceed the customer satisfaction.
Economical
Demography Geography
Primary: Youth
Secondary:
Senior citizens or
middle aged
professionals
TARGETING POSITIONING
Launching at
affordable price
with high class
technology.
7. 5. MARKETING MIX
5.1 Product
The product which will be launched into the Canadian market is called the Gen X Nano. It is described as one
of the best in its class as it provides numerous features to suit customers. The Gen X Nano is a feature rich
passenger vehicle that comes with latest technological advancements and offers best in its class technology and
design engineering. Shown in Table 1 in appendix.
Designed with a youngsters and family in mind, it has a roomy passenger compartment with generous leg space
and head room. It can comfortably seat four persons. Its mono-volume design will set a new benchmark among
small cars. Its safety performance and tailpipe emission performance exceeds regulatory requirements where it
is manufactured in India.(About Tata Motors) Tata Motor will ensure the highest quality standard will be
maintained while entering in the Canadian market. In terms of overall pollutants, it has a lower pollution level
when compared with two-wheelers. The lean design strategy has helped minimize weight, which helps
maximize performance per unit of energy consumed and delivers high fuel efficiency. The high fuel efficiency
also ensures that the car has low carbon dioxide emissions, thereby providing the twin benefits of an affordable
transportation solution with a low carbon footprint. The Gen X will be available in mainly seven thrilling
colours - Sangria Red (NEW), Persian Rose (NEW), Pearl White, Meteor Silver, Royal Gold, Dazzle Blue and
Damson Purple. See Appendix- Features/Colours of GenX. (Gizmag, 2008)
5.2 Pricing
For the introduction of the Gen X Nano into the Canadian market we decided the best pricing strategy would be
that of market penetration pricing. As highlighted by Dhruv Grewal, this strategy involves setting the initial
price low for a new product, with the objective being geared towards building sales, market share and profit
quickly.
This passenger vehicle will be the first of its kind, with the lowest priced passenger vehicle ever to be seen in
Canada. This price will be set at a range between $8000 CAD and $10,000 CAD dollars. This price range
selected will allow our target market of youngsters and middle class to be able to purchase a car that provides
all unique features just customized to suit their needs and lifestyles. Customers will be offered flexible
payment options as they are able to pay in monthly installments, if they are not able to do full payment.
Dealers in Canada will also be involved in activities such as after sale service. Where the sales agents will call
to ensure the new owner is satisfied with their decision or if they feel the need make any adjustment to the car to
better suit their need. The Company will also offer the new range with the best warranty of 5 years or 60,000
km (whichever is earlier).
Tata Motors has a clear vision to be the most-admired by their valued customers, employees, business partners
and shareholders for the rich and value-added experience the Company provides. As part of the Tata Motors'
Passenger Vehicle transformation, changing customer needs commands a lot of attention.
Hence, enhancing the purchase experience for customers is an intrinsic part of customer engagement process at
Tata Motors.(Tata , 2015).
Customers can also to their convenience book their desired Gen X Nano online.
ONLINE ORDER: Customers visit: https://book.tatamotors.com/book-a-car/nano.
8. 5.3 Promotion
The Nano continues to innovate and evolve in line with the needs of its customers. Taking the spirit of
innovation further, Tata Motors will launch of all-new GenX Nano range into the Canadian market, a new
compact, feature-rich hatchback for the trendy, youthful, bold and stylish customer. The new GenX Nano
comes with advanced technological features which strengthens its value proposition, making it the perfect city
car. The GenX Nano will be available for sale first in Toronto, Canada. (Tata , 2015). This is a highly dense
populated city with limited parking spaces available for the individuals who live and work in the city. This Gen
X Nano will be the solution for one of their problem as this car can fit into the smallest spaces that are most
time available which the average car could not fit into safely. Due to the fluctuating fuel prices in Canada that
has led car owners to sell vehicles that consume a significant amount of fuel. This car is well known for its fuel
efficiency so even the middle class or other individuals may benefit from making the decision to own a the best
hatched back car in the market the Gen X.
In order to appeal our target market selecting the most effective type of advertisement will be vital to the launch
of the Gen X Nano in the Canadian market. Our main objective is to mostly to inform the market, at the early
stage of Gen X life cycle and later in the cycle, in the maturity stage, the persuasion tactic will be utilized.
Therefore, we have chosen multiple channels to promote this product. These are:
5.3.1 Television-provides a great impact and is suited to reach a wide range of individuals, we can utilize this
medium with a touch of a high level creativity to disperse the information about the Gen X to our target market
as well. A popular personnel like Justin Bieber could use a 30 second ad to highlight the main features of the
car and how well it would suit individuals as himself young and trendy to own one of the Gen X Nano.
5.3.2 Radio-is another type we will use as it is very inexpensive, we will select radio stations such as
Z103.5FM, 105.5 FM Toronto.world net and Jewels 88.5FM which research has revealed to be the most
popular radio stations among youngsters as they have over 230,000 listeners weekly. Our advertisement will be
aired at a frequency rate of ten times throughout the day for the first month and reduced to six times a day into
the second month and onwards. These 15 seconds advertisements will be aired daily during the peak period of
the day to reach the target market. High frequency in the adverts will trigger the interest of potential customers
to search for more information about the passenger vehicle. So newspapers and digital mediums will also be
utilized to provide more detailed information for a potential buyer.
5.3.3 The newspaper such as the Toronto Star can be offered at flexible schedules and can be done in a
timely manner which will suit our objectives of providing additional information. For the individuals who may
have missed the television and radio advertisements, can be informed of the Gen X through this medium as
brightly coloured full page prints will be designed to capture the attention of the readers and spark their
interest to find the location or contact our the dealer to make their purchase this will also be available on an
insert flyer in the Toronto Star newspaper which can be kept and used at a later date if they wish to gather more
information on product.
5.3.4 Digital -The individuals who are more techno savvy and always on the go with their mobiles and other
devices, will be in constant link where they can visit the dealer’s website at www.GenXdealer.com. This
medium will offer a high level of interactive capabilities where this medium allows the great benefit of
flexibility as individuals will be able to view the variety model and style of the Gen X Nano in a 3D version and
9. in their favourite selected colour. They will be able to retrieve a vast amount of information on the vehicle
detailed specifications and can also be involved in online chat with sales representative at the dealers. This
medium allows them to ask any questions they may have which also includes the ability to set their appointment
for a test drive online if they so desire.
Sale promotions will be offered where there will be discounts being offered every month and special
promotion for the Gen X, this is one of the strong strategies used by Tata Motors which we will adapt in
launching into the Canadian market. Discounts will be made from the dealers in Canada as to attract customer.
In addition if persons are not able to come in for a test drive due to their busy schedule the dealers will provide
a sales representative to take the car to that individual to allow them to test drive.
These will be the mix of media types to be adapted by Tata Company as they sensitize the market of what they
have to offer and how it will be just inline to suit their needs and satisfy their expectations in what they are
looking for in a trendy car.
5.4 Place
Entering into a new market Tata Motors agreed that it’s best to launch with one location in the Toronto area
which is a major city in Ontario Canada. This will be done as a safety measure as they launch the Gen X Nano
into Canada. Toronto is described as the provincial capital of Ontario, was classed as the biggest city area in the
province, so we selected this location. Populated with a population of 6,055.7 (thousands) people as of 2014,
See appendix. Population Table this city continues to grow tremendously over the years, which is a good
indicator of a growing market. Cited with many corporate business which offers job opportunities a large
distribution of immigrants gravitate to this city. It’s deemed a busy area as it decked with parks, skyscrapers,
sport facilities and tourist attractions like a zoo; these conditions will complement our objective of penetrating
the market with the Gen X Nano. A Tata Motors dealer will be located in the heart of the action area at 2300
Danforth Ave, Toronto, Ontario.M4C. See appendix Picture and Map.
Price
CAD $8000-$10,00
Product
GEN X NANO
Promotion
Television, Radio,Newspaper &
Digital Media
Place
Toronto, Canada
Marketing
Mix
10. 6. PRODUCT OFFERING
TATA NANO is the mini car which is manufactured and sold in INDIA by Tata Motors. The initial price of the
car when launched was US$1500 which kept on increasing with the time. Tata Motors is launching GenX Nano
which is a Hatchback passenger vehicle of Tata Motors in Canada. AMT (Easy Shift) version has been
introduced which uses a 5-speed gearbox unlike the manual which has a 4-speed. The weight of the car ranges
from 695 Kgs to 765 Kg. With Gen x, the aim of the TATA is to strengthen the Nano brand and position it as an
updated product in today’s market. Tata Nano GenX is entitled as a “Smart City Car”, the engine has been
updated, fuel Tank capacity has been increased to 24 liters and exterior looks is attractive. An automated
transmission and open able hatch are the important changes given to the hatchback. There is 110 liters of boot
space, 94 liters of cargo room and if the rear seats are folded there is 500 liters of space in all. There are other
security features such as central locking, booster assisted brakes, additional body reinforcement, hazard warning
switch etc.
7. DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL STRATEGY
Indirect Marketing Channel Distribution
MANUFACTURING
RETAILING CUSTOMER
Manufacturer retailer customers
Customers can get the car from the retailer. The manufacturer exports the Tata Nano GenX from India to the
retailer in Canada, and then the customer can buy the car from the retailer present in Canada. There will be only
one retailer and 50 service stations in Toronto area. The customer can book their car online from our website and
the car will be delivered to them from our retailer. There will be one special test drive Tata Nano Genx through
which the customers can experience the car which can help them to make the decision of buying the car. This
channel of distribution will be more effective than the direct channel as there is one intermediate which can
approach directly to the customer and provide the information about the car.
11. 8. COMMUNICATION MIX
Being that the target audience for the GenX Nano are youngsters and middle class segments, the
communication objective is set to be that of a Pull Strategy. The goal of this strategy is mainly to get customers
to come to the dealers showroom to touch, see and test drive the GenX as to simulate a demand from the
manufacturer through the dealer to the customer. With the underlying view of having loyal customers in the
long run towards this brand, we decided that some effective tactics that could be used to carry out this strategy
would include sales tactics such as mass media promotions and advertised continuous sales promotions. These
tactics will be geared towards a more rational type of appeal towards the audience. The promotions and
advertisement will convey the message that GenX Nano is the most cost effective and fuel efficient car
accessorized with the most advanced technological features in the world. In addition its style and features are
just suited for Canadian individuals. In addition we intend to make the customers aware that owning a car like
this will be the best investment one could make as it safe, being designed with built in anti-roll bars for
additional safety; it’s environmentally friendly, as it emits significantly low carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
9. FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
9.1 Market Analysis
Canadian market is a hub of different car companies. Companies that are well established and ruling the market
therefore to make a position in the market for GENX Tata Nano advertisement is very imperative following by
the other cost like location, salaries for sale representative Therefore Estimation cost for the expenses are as
follows:
2016 2017 2018
Variable cost:
Cost of Goods Sold $90,000,000 $135,000,000 $90,000,000
Advertisementcost:
Radio $3,000,000 $2,500,000 $2,000,000
Television $7,000,000 $6,000,000 $5,000,000
Newspaper $2,000,000 $1,500,000 $1,250,000
Digital $5,000,000 $4,000,000 $3,500,000
Salaryfor sale representative:
Salary $10,500,000 $15,000,000 $16,000,000
Distributioncost $10,000,000 $15,000,000 $10,000,000
Administrative cost $8,000,000 $12,000,000 $10,000,000
Fixedcost:
Property,Plantand
Equipment $50,000,000 $10,000,000 $7,000,000
Total $185,500,000 $201,000,000 $144,750,000
Contributionmargin* 45.80% 45.43% 44.90%
12. Above is the budget and the estimation set for advertisement cost and other costs.
Therefore contribution margin is:
*Sales- cost= contribution margin
Contribution margin%= contribution margin/ revenue*100
9.2 Sales Forecast
Revenue 2016 2017 2018
Units 24,000 @
$10,000
$240 million
Units 35,000 @
$10,000
$350 million
Units 25,000 @
$10,000
$250 million
expenses $185,500,000 $201,000,000 $144,750,000
Profit(revenue-
expenses)
$54,500,000 $149,000,000 $105,250,000
2016 2017 2018
Total Sales
( in mn $) 4.76 14.86 23.03
Breakeven analysis is a point where company covers its expenses and there is no profit/no loss situation.
Breakeven point is when there will be selling of 2000 cars as, we have plan to sell 2000 cars initially.
Our cost of manufacturing Genx Tata Nano comes to $8,000/per car and we decided to sell this car to retailer at
$10,000 therefore mark-up cost is $ 2,000.
4.76
14.86
23.03
41.82
61.56
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
ForecastedSales
Total Sales in Canada ( in mn $)
13. Therefore Mark-up (%) = Mark-up/cost = 2000/8000 = 25%
Margin (%) = Mark-up/ price = 2000/10000 = 20 %
9.3 Market Share
2016 2017 2018
Forecasted market
revenue
$200 million $350 million $250 million
Market share% 18.5% 22.5% 19%
10. CONTINGENCY PLAN
Potential risk for the Gen X Nano are highlighted below:
• Reputed automobile company’s already in Canada with good car brands could be a threat to Tata Gen X
Nano.
• Car companies offering better technological features in their cars.
• New innovations and hopeful competitive pricing strategies in the Canadian market from the competitors
could be a direct threat to Gen X Nano.
• Less sales resulting from ineffective promotional efforts by Gen X.
• Minimal projected cash flow for the company.
• If the target market is not being communicated to as plan.
How to mitigate the risk:
Invest in continuous Research and Development so as to be a step ahead of the competitor ad have lead in
the market.
Boosting promotion by offering extra discounts in the price of the Gen X Nano car.
By innovating new and the latest technology towards the product company will be able update the features
of the car to beat the competitors.
18.50%
22.50%
19%
Market share
2016 2017 2018
14. Organizing promotional activities to give more information about the car among the target market and
other potential customers.
These will be the mix of potential risks and contingency plan for the launch of the Gen X Nano in Canada.
REFERENCES
• About Tata Motors. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://onlinesystems.tatamotors.com/(b3ydfcjlnukuxfbbs02ekxvi)/Content/AboutTML.aspx
• Gizmag. (2008, January 10). Retrieved from http://www.gizmag.com/the-worlds-cheapest-new-car--
just-us2500/8627/
• Tata . (2015, May 19). Retrieved from http://www.tata.com/company/releasesinside/Tata-Motors-
launches-the-GenX-Nano-range-its-new-compact-hatch
• TATA Motors. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.tatamotors.com/about-us/
• http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/middle-class-families-earn-up-to-120k-a-year-feds-say-1.2932996
• http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://iveybusinessreview.ca/cms/wp-
content/pdf/886.pdf
• http://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-drive/reviews/new-cars/why-cant-i-buy-a-2500-nano-in-
canada/article561543/
15. APPENDIX
Available Colors of GenX Nano
Features of Gen X Nano
Overall View Digital Information Display
Trunk Capacity Infinity motif grille
16. Tata Motor brand Steering Automatic Manual Transmission Smoked Headlights
Spacious shoulder room GenX Engine SUV- like ground clearance CD, Radio, USB, Bluetooth
Images retrieved from:
https://www.google.com/search?q=GenX+nano&espv=2&biw=1366&bih=653&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0C
AgQ_AUoA2oVChMIhpO94MKdyQIVgzqQCh2-Pw22
Picture of Toronto and Map showing proposed location
Toronto
City in Ontario, Canada
Toronto, the provincial capital of Ontario, Canada, is a large, ethnically diverse city sprawling along Lake Ontario’s
northwestern shore. A dynamic metropolis with a core of soaring skyscrapers, all dwarfed by the iconic CN Tower, it also
features abundant green spaces, from the orderly oval of Queen’s Park to 400-acre High Park and its trails, sports
facilities and zoo.
Map and picture retrieved from:
https://www.google.com/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-
8#q=population%20in%20toronto
17. Table showing population of metropolitan areas
Population of census metropolitan areas
2011 2012 2013 2014
persons (thousands)
St. John's (N.L.) 202.5 205.9 209.2 211.7
Halifax (N.S.) 402.4 406.8 410.0 414.4
Moncton (N.B.)1
140.2 142.8 144.4 146.1
Saint John (N.B.) 128.6 128.5 128.0 127.3
Saguenay (Que.) 159.4 160.0 160.3 160.1
Québec (Que.) 776.8 785.2 793.5 799.6
Sherbrooke (Que.) 204.7 207.5 210.1 212.1
Trois-Rivières (Que.) 153.2 154.4 155.1 155.8
Montréal (Que.) 3,885.7 3,937.4 3,984.5 4,027.1
Ottawa-Gatineau (Ont.-Que.) 1,270.2 1,288.6 1,302.9 1,318.1
Kingston (Ont.) 164.5 166.0 167.1 168.4
Peterborough (Ont.)1
122.2 122.7 123.1 123.3
Oshawa (Ont.) 367.3 373.8 379.1 384.1
Toronto (Ont.) 5,769.8 5,868.9 5,966.3 6,055.7
Hamilton (Ont.) 742.5 750.7 758.3 765.2
18. Find information related to this table (CANSIM table(s); Definitions, data sources and methods; The Daily; publications; and
related Summary tables).
St. Catharines-Niagara (Ont.) 402.6 404.0 405.2 405.9
Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo (Ont.) 493.0 498.9 503.1 506.9
Brantford (Ont.)1
139.4 140.4 141.8 143.1
Guelph (Ont.)1
145.6 148.0 149.5 150.9
London (Ont.) 489.5 494.5 498.7 502.4
Windsor (Ont.) 328.3 330.9 332.5 333.9
Winnipeg (Man.) 746.1 759.6 770.4 782.6
Regina (Sask.) 217.7 225.0 231.3 237.8
Saskatoon (Sask.) 270.2 281.4 291.1 300.6
Calgary (Alta.) 1,264.5 1,307.6 1,357.6 1,406.7
Edmonton (Alta.) 1,206.0 1,241.8 1,285.8 1,328.3
Vancouver (B.C.) 2,373.0 2,408.1 2,438.8 2,470.3
Victoria (B.C.) 352.1 355.2 357.6 358.7
Notes:
Population estimates are for July 1st. They are based on 2011 Census counts adjusted for census net undercoverage and
incompletely enumerated Indian reserves. They are also based on the 2011 Standard Geographical Classification.
Source: Statistics Canada, CANSIM, table 051-0056.
Last modified: 2015-02-11.
