2. SCARCITY VS. SUSTAINABILITY
• SCARCITY
• SCARCITY REFERS TO A GAP BETWEEN LIMITED RESOURCES AND THEORETICALLY
LIMITLESS WANTS. THE NOTION OF SCARCITY IS THAT THERE IS NEVER ENOUGH (OF
SOMETHING) TO SATISFY ALL CONCEIVABLE HUMAN WANTS, EVEN AT ADVANCED
STATES OF HUMAN TECHNOLOGY. SCARCITY INVOLVES MAKING A SACRIFICE—
GIVING SOMETHING UP, OR MAKING A TRADEOFF—IN ORDER TO OBTAIN MORE OF
THE SCARCE RESOURCE THAT IS WANTED.
3. SCARCITY VS. SUSTAINABILITY
• SUSTAINABILITY
• SUSTAINABILITY IS THE PROCESS OF MAINTAINING CHANGE IN A BALANCED
ENVIRONMENT, IN WHICH THE EXPLOITATION OF RESOURCES, THE DIRECTION OF
INVESTMENTS, THE ORIENTATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND
INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE ARE ALL IN HARMONY AND ENHANCE BOTH CURRENT AND
FUTURE POTENTIAL TO MEET HUMAN NEEDS AND ASPIRATIONS.
7. THE PARABLE OF THE BACTERIA IN A BOTTLE
• 11:00 A.M.
• YOU PLACE A SINGLE BACTERIUM IN A NUTRIENT-FILLED BOTTLE AT 11:00 AM. IT
GROWS AND DIVIDES INTO TWO BACTERIA AT 11:01. THESE TWO BACTERIA EACH
GROW AND DIVIDE INTO 4 BACTERIA AT 11:02, WHICH GROW AND DIVIDE INTO 8
BACTERIA AT 11:03, AND SO ON. (I.E., DOUBLING TIME OF 1 MINUTE.)
• 12:00 NOON
• BOTTLE IS FULL, NUTRIENTS GONE, ALL THE BACTERIA DIE.
http://www.cryerfamily.eclipse.co.uk/BacteriaBottleParable.h
8. THE PARABLE OF THE BACTERIA IN A BOTTLE
• QUESTIONS
• WHEN WAS THE BOTTLE HALF-FULL?
• YOU ARE A MATHEMATICALLY-SOPHISTICATED BACTERIUM, AND AT 11:56 YOU
RECOGNIZE THE IMPENDING DISASTER. YOU IMMEDIATELY JUMP ON YOUR SOAPBOX
AND WARN THAT UNLESS YOUR FELLOW BACTERIA SLOW THEIR GROWTH
DRAMATICALLY, THE END IS JUST FOUR MINUTES AWAY. WILL ANYONE BELIEVE YOU?
• JUST BEFORE DISASTER STRIKES… A BACTERIAL SPACE PROGRAM DISCOVERS THREE
MORE BOTTLES IN THE LAB. WITH A POPULATION REDISTRIBUTION PROGRAM, HOW
MUCH TIME DO THE 3 NEW BOTTLES BUY THE COLONY?
9. THE PARABLE OF THE BACTERIA IN A BOTTLE
• ANSWERS
• THE BOTTLE WAS HALF FULL AT 11:59
• AT 11:56, THE BOTTLE WOULD BE 1/16TH FULL. OF COURSE NO ONE WILL BELIEVE
YOU.
• THE 3 NEW BOTTLES BUY THE COLONY MORE THAN 1 MINUTE, LESS THAN 2
MINUTES.
10. CALM BEFORE THE STORM
• DEFORESTATION AND HABITAT
DESTRUCTION
• SOIL PROBLEMS (EROSION,
SALINIZATION, AND SOIL FERTILITY
LOSSES)
• WATER MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS
• OVERHUNTING
• OVERFISHING
• EFFECTS OF INTRODUCED SPECIES ON
NATIVE SPECIES
• OVERPOPULATION
• INCREASED PER-CAPITA IMPACT OF
PEOPLE
• ANTHROPOGENIC CLIMATE CHANGE
• BUILDUP OF TOXINS IN THE
ENVIRONMENT
• ENERGY SHORTAGES
• FULL HUMAN USE OF THE EARTH’S
PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITYCollapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed
11. TECHNOLOGY DRIVERS OF WAR
• 400,000 BC
• THE EARLIEST EVIDENCE OF HUMANS USING SPEARS, IN A PART OF GERMANY NOW NEAR
SCHÖNINGEN.
• HOWEVER, ONE POPULATION OF MODERN CHIMPANZEES IN SENEGAL USES SPEARS TO
HUNT BUSHBABIES, SUGGESTING THE TECHNOLOGY MAY HAVE BEEN USED BY OUR MOST
PRIMITIVE ANCESTORS.
• 40,000 TO 25,000 BC
• THE ATLATL, SOMETIMES DUBBED THE STONE AGE KALASHNIKOV, THROWS A FLEXIBLE
DART THAT CAN KILL A DEER AT 40 METRES. DEVELOPED IN NORTHERN AFRICA, IT
SPREADS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD, BEING LATER REPLACED BY THE BOW AND ARROW.
https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn17423-timeline-weapons-techn
12. TECHNOLOGY DRIVERS OF WAR
• 23,000 BC
• BOOMERANGS ARE STRONGLY ASSOCIATED WITH AUSTRALIA’S ABORIGINAL PEOPLE, BUT WERE
ACTUALLY USED AS HUNTING WEAPONS THROUGHOUT EUROPE AND AFRICA. MOST BOOMERANGS DO
NOT COME BACK WHEN THROWN.
• THE OLDEST BOOMERANG YET, 23,000 YEARS, WAS MADE FROM A MAMMOTH TUSK AND DISCOVERED
IN A CAVE IN POLAND.
• 20,000 BC
• THE EARLIEST ARROWHEADS DATE FROM THIS TIME, SUGGESTING THAT BOWS AND ARROWS WERE IN
USE.
• SOME BELIEVE THEY WERE INVENTED MUCH EARLIER, POINTING TO A SINGLE 60,000-YEAR-OLD
STONE THAT MAY OR MAY NOT BE AN ARROWHEAD.
• A THOROUGH ANALYSIS OF PROJECTILE POINTS FROM ARCHAEOLOGICAL DIGS AROUND THE WORLD
SUGGESTS THAT PROJECTILE WEAPONS WERE NOT IN WIDESPREAD USE BEFORE 50,000 YEARS AGO.
13. TECHNOLOGY DRIVERS OF WAR
• 5300 BC
• HORSES ARE FIRST DOMESTICATED, ON THE STEPPES OF KAZAKHSTAN.
• AS WELL AS REVOLUTIONISING TRANSPORT IN GENERAL, HORSES ARE INSTRUMENTAL IN
THE HISTORY OF WARFARE. ONLY IN THE 20TH CENTURY, WITH THE APPEARANCE OF
RAPID-FIRE WEAPONS SUCH AS MACHINE GUNS, DO ARMIES TURN AWAY FROM A
RELIANCE ON HORSES.
• 5000 BC
• THE BRONZE AGE ENABLES THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FIRST METAL DAGGERS, AND LATER
SWORDS.
• BY 1000 BC, SWORDS ARE INTERTWINED WITH CELTIC MYTHOLOGY AND RITUAL IN
BRITAIN, REFLECTING THEIR IMPORTANCE IN SOCIETY. PERHAPS ECHOED BY THE
EXCALIBUR MYTH, SWORDS ARE CEREMONIALLY PLACED IN RIVERS, POSSIBLY AS
OFFERINGS TO GODS.
14. TECHNOLOGY DRIVERS OF WAR
• 500 BC
• THE TRACTION TREBUCHET IS THOUGHT TO HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED IN CHINA AROUND THIS TIME.
POWERED BY TEAMS OF ABOUT A DOZEN PEOPLE, IT COULD SLING BALLS OF ROCK AS FAR AS 125
METRES. AROUND THE SAME TIME, THE ANCIENT GREEKS DEVELOP THEIR OWN SIEGE WEAPON, THE
BALLISTA, A KIND OF SCALED-UP CROSSBOW.
• THE TRACTION TREBUCHET WAS LONG CONSIDERED TO BE FOLKLORE, UNTIL A WORKING MODEL WAS
BUILT IN 1991 AND SHOWN TO BE EFFECTIVE. IT WAS EVENTUALLY REPLACED BY THE
COUNTERWEIGHT TREBUCHET, WHICH IS DRIVEN BY A FALLING WEIGHT RATHER THAN MANPOWER, IN
THE MIDDLE AGES.
• 800 TO 1300 AD
• GUNPOWDER IS INVENTED IN CHINA. THIS LEADS RAPIDLY TO A PRIMITIVE FIREARM, THE “FIRE LANCE”,
THE FIRST ROCKET, KNOWN AS THE “FIRE ARROW”, AND PRIMITIVE BOMBS UNDER THE SONG DYNASTY
(960 TO 1279) – NEW TECHNOLOGY PARTLY DRIVEN BY AGGRESSIVE NEIGHBOURS LIKE THE JIN
DYNASTY TO THE NORTH.
15. TECHNOLOGY DRIVERS OF WAR
• 1200 TO 1600
• THE GOLDEN AGE OF ISLAM (600 TO 1600 AD) RESCUES THE ADVANCES OF CLASSICAL
CIVILISATIONS AFTER THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE.
• FIREARMS TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPS RAPIDLY AND EGYPTIAN SOLDIERS ARE THE FIRST TO
USE HAND CANNONS AND OTHER SMALL ARMS AT THE BATTLE OF AIN JALUT IN 1260.
• HOWEVER, ISLAMIC SCIENCE DECLINES FROM THE 17TH CENTURY ONWARDS.
• 1415
• THE BATTLE OF AGINCOURT MARKS THE ZENITH OF MEDIAEVAL LONGBOW TECHNOLOGY.
AN ENGLISH ARMY WITH A HIGH PROPORTION OF ARCHERS DECIMATES A FRENCH ARMY
FIVE TO 10 TIMES LARGER.
16. TECHNOLOGY DRIVERS OF WAR
• 1368 TO 1644
• CHINA’S MING DYNASTY DRIVES FIREARMS TECHNOLOGY FORWARDS. DEVELOPMENTS
INCLUDE THE MATCHLOCK, WHICH ELIMINATES THE NEED TO FIRE A GUN WITH A HAND-
HELD MATCH; THE MUSKET; AND THE NAVAL MINE. THE DYNASTY’S NEW TECHNOLOGIES
ARE EVENTUALLY COLLECTED IN THE HUOLONGJING: A TREATISE ON WARFARE BY JIAO YU
AND LIU JI.
• 1750 TO 1800S
• ROCKETS BECOME A PERMANENT FIXTURE ON THE BATTLEFIELD, HAVING GONE IN AND
OUT OF FASHION OVER THE CENTURIES
• INDIAN SULTAN FATEH ALI TIPPU SUCCESSFULLY DEPLOYS ROCKET ARTILLERY AGAINST
THE BRITISH, LEADING INVENTOR SIR WILLIAM CONGREVE TO DEVELOP HIS OWN VERSION,
THE CONGREVE ROCKET.
17. TECHNOLOGY DRIVERS OF WAR
• 1775
• THE FIRST SUBMARINE USED IN BATTLE, TURTLE, IS CREATED BY AMERICAN DAVID BUSHNELL. THE
TECHNOLOGY REMAINS CRUDE AND UNSAFE FOR MANY DECADES, THOUGH SEVERAL SUBS ARE USED
IN THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (1861 TO 1865).
• 1803
• THE BRITISH ARMY BEGINS USING SHRAPNEL SHELLS (INVENTED EARLIER BY THE CHINESE), NAMED FOR
THEIR INVENTOR HENRY SHRAPNEL. THEY CONTAIN A LARGE NUMBER OF BULLETS RELEASED AT HIGH
VELOCITIES ON DETONATION. THEY ARE EVENTUALLY REPLACED BY HIGH-EXPLOSIVE SHELLS DURING
THE FIRST WORLD WAR.
• 1836
• AMERICAN INVENTOR SAMUEL COLT PATENTS A “REVOLVING GUN”, WHICH IMPROVES ON SEVERAL
PREVIOUS DESIGNS. SOON RENAMED THE REVOLVER, IT IS FASTER TO RELOAD THAN ANY OTHER
FIREARM, AND REMAINS POPULAR TODAY.
18. TECHNOLOGY DRIVERS OF WAR
• 1851 TO 1861
• THE FIRST MACHINE GUNS APPEAR. THE BELGIAN ARMY’S MULTIPLE-BARRELLED
MITRAILLEUSE IS SOON FOLLOWED BY THE GATLING GUN – THE FIRST GUN THAT CAN
BE CONTINUOUSLY FIRED.
• 1862
• THE USS MONITOR, THE FIRST IRON-CLAD WARSHIP, LAUNCHES FROM NEW YORK.
• IT IS DESIGNED BY SWEDISH ENGINEER JOHN ERICSSON, WHO HAD COME CLOSE TO
BEATING STEAM LOCOMOTIVE STEPHENSON’S ROCKET IN THE COMPETITION THAT
MADE IT FAMOUS. ERICSSON SUBSEQUENTLY SPENDS MANY YEARS EXPERIMENTING
WITH SOLAR POWER.
19. TECHNOLOGY DRIVERS OF WAR
• 1884
• HIRAM STEVENS MAXIM PRODUCES THE FIRST FULLY AUTOMATIC MACHINE GUN: THE
MAXIM GUN.
• IN LATER LIFE, CRIPPLED BY BRONCHITIS, HE DEVELOPS AN EARLY INHALER.
• 1893
• AFTER THE ASSASSINATION OF CHICAGO’S MAYOR, LOCAL PRIEST CASIMIR ZEGLEN MAKES
THE FIRST BULLETPROOF VEST THAT DID AWAY WITH HEAVY PLATES OF METAL. IT IS
MADE LARGELY FROM WOVEN SILK AND WORKS, BUT STILL FAILS TO TAKE OFF.
• 1909
• HIRAM STEVENS MAXIM’S SON, HIRAM PERCY MAXIM, OBTAINS A PATENT FOR A GUN
SILENCER.
20. TECHNOLOGY DRIVERS OF WAR
• 1914
• DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR, THE BRITISH ARMY INTRODUCES THE FIRST TANKS.
• 1942
• THE MANHATTAN PROJECT, THE UNITED STATES’ ATTEMPT TO BUILD THE FIRST NUCLEAR
BOMB, BEGINS UNDER THE DIRECTION OF J. ROBERT OPPENHEIMER.
• 1945
• THE FIRST SUCCESSFUL TEST OF A NUCLEAR BOMB IS CARRIED OUT IN NEW MEXICO, ON
16 JULY.
• ON 6 AND 9 AUGUST, BOMBS ARE DROPPED ON THE JAPANESE CITIES OF HIROSHIMA AND
NAGASAKI, EFFECTIVELY ENDING THE SECOND WORLD WAR AND USHERING IN A NEW AGE
OF NUCLEAR WEAPONRY.
21. TECHNOLOGY DRIVERS OF WAR
• 1952
• THE FIRST FUSION, OR HYDROGEN, BOMB IS TESTED BY THE US IN THE MARSHALL
ISLANDS.
• THEY USE X-RAYS FROM A NUCLEAR FISSION EXPLOSION TO TRIGGER NUCLEAR FUSION
REACTIONS BETWEEN ATOMS OF THE HYDROGEN ISOTOPE TRITIUM, LIKE THOSE THAT
TAKE PLACE INSIDE THE SUN.
• A SINGLE WARHEAD CAN BE THOUSANDS OF TIMES MORE POWERFUL THAN THE
HIROSHIMA BOMB.
• 1953
• THE FIRST MASER (MICROWAVE AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION)
IS BUILT AT COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY. IT PRODUCES A TIGHT BEAM OF MICROWAVES.
ORIGINALLY HAILED AS A “RAY GUN”, IT PROVES IMPRACTICAL AS A WEAPON.
22. TECHNOLOGY DRIVERS OF WAR
• 1960
• THE LASER (LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION) IS DEMONSTRATED FOR
THE FIRST TIME. IT PRODUCES A BEAM OF RED LIGHT.
• LASERS FIND A MYRIAD OF USES IN SOCIETY, AND IN WARFARE ARE USED FOR TARGETING OF MISSILES
AND OTHER WEAPONS, AND AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO RADAR. VARIOUS PROTOTYPE LASER WEAPONS
ARE UNDER DEVELOPMENT.
• 1960 TO 2000
• THE SOVIET UNION BEGINS DEVELOPING A SUPERCAVITATING TORPEDO IN THE 1960S. BY EXPLOITING
THE WAY WATER FORMS BUBBLES AROUND FAST-MOVING OBJECTS THE SHKVAL CAN TRAVEL AT 500
KILOMETRES AN HOUR. IT IS ONLY COMPLETED IN THE EARLY 1990S.
• THE US DEVELOP THEIR OWN IN 1997 AND 10 YEARS LATER START WORKING ON CARRYING HUMANS
IN A SUPERCAVITATION CRAFT.
23. TECHNOLOGY DRIVERS OF WAR
• 1974
• THE FIRST TASER IS BUILT AFTER FIVE YEARS OF WORK BY NASA RESEARCHER JACK COVER.
• BILLED AS A NON-LETHAL WEAPON, THE ELECTRIC STUN GUN IS NOW USED BY POLICE FORCES
AROUND THE WORLD. HOWEVER, CLAIMS HAVE BEEN MADE THAT IT IS FREQUENTLY ABUSED AND
MAY CAUSE LASTING HARM.
• 1997
• THE US CARRIES OUT ITS FIRST TEST OF AN ANTI-SATELLITE LASER.
• 1999
• EXPERIMENTS WITH RADIOACTIVE HAFNIUM ARE USED TO ARGUE IT IS POSSIBLE TO MAKE A SIMPLE
DEVICE THAT RELEASES A MASSIVE AMOUNT OF GAMMA RAYS COMPARABLE TO A NUCLEAR BOMB. NO
DEFINITIVE EVIDENCE TO BACK UP THE THEORY HAS BEEN RELEASED, DESPITE MILLIONS OF DOLLARS
INVESTED BY THE US MILITARY.
24. TECHNOLOGY DRIVERS OF WAR
• 2001
• US PRESIDENT GEORGE W BUSH PROPOSES A NATIONAL MISSILE DEFENCE SHIELD. THE
SCHEME MEETS WITH STINGING CRITICISM AND THE TECHNOLOGY REPEATEDLY FAILS TO
DELIVER IN TESTS.
• THE ACTIVE DENIAL SYSTEM, A DIRECTED-ENERGY WEAPON INTENDED TO HARMLESSLY
DRIVE PEOPLE AWAY, IS TESTED BY THE US GOVERNMENT. THE DEVICE USES A
MICROWAVE BEAM TO PRODUCE A SENSATION OF INTENSE HEAT, FORCING PEOPLE TO
MOVE AWAY. DESPITE CONCERNS ABOUT SAFETY, PORTABLE VERSIONS HAVE BEEN
MOOTED FOR POLICE.
• 2002
• FOR THE FIRST TIME, A HIGH-ENERGY LASER IS USED TO SHOOT DOWN ARTILLERY FIRE.
• THE PULSED ENERGY PROJECTILE (PEP), A LASER THAT CAN KNOCK YOU OFF YOUR FEET, IS
DEVELOPED.
25. TECHNOLOGY DRIVERS OF WAR
• 2007
• AUSTRALIAN WEAPONS COMPANY METAL STORM FILES A KEY PATENT FOR ITS GUN, WHICH FIRES A
MILLION ROUNDS A MINUTE.
• 2008
• IN ANOTHER MILESTONE FOR HIGH-ENERGY LASERS, THE AIRBORNE LASER IS FIRED FROM AN
AIRCRAFT FOR THE FIRST TIME.
• ALSO, STELLAR PHOTONICS BEGINS TESTING OF THEIR EXPERIMENTAL PLASMA ACOUSTIC SHIELD
SYSTEM, WHICH GENERATES A DAZZLING SERIES OF MID-AIR EXPLOSIONS BY BLASTING BALLS OF
PLASMA WITH HIGH-POWERED LASERS.
• 2009
• A US GOVERNMENT REPORT ADVOCATES USING NEUROSCIENCE TO ENHANCE SOLDIERS’ ABILITIES.
26. LEONARDO DA VINCI, THE MILITARY
ARCHITECT
• FRENCH RULER FRANCIS I GENEROUSLY OFFERED HIM THE TITLE OF “PREMIER
PAINTER AND ENGINEER AND ARCHITECT TO THE KING,” WHICH AFFORDED HIM
THE OPPORTUNITY TO PAINT AND DRAW AT HIS LEISURE WHILE LIVING IN A
COUNTRY MANOR HOUSE, THE CHÂTEAU OF CLOUX, NEAR AMBOISE IN FRANCE.
• IN TODAY’S STANDARDS: HE GOT A WELL-PAYING JOB AS AN ARTIST/INVENTOR
34. WAR AS A DRIVER OF TECHNOLOGY
• MILITARY TECHNOLOGY OFTEN SEEMS TO BE THE DARK SIDE OF INNOVATION.
• WARS TEND TO ACCELERATE TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT TO ADAPT TOOLS
FOR THE PURPOSE OF SOLVING SPECIFIC MILITARY NEEDS. LATER, THESE
MILITARY TOOLS MAY EVOLVE INTO NON-MILITARY DEVICES.
35. GREAT INVENTIONS AS A RESULT OF WAR
• GUNPOWDER, INVENTED IN 9TH
CENTURY CHINA AND IS USED IN
EVERYTHING FROM FIREARMS TO
ROCKETS TO FIREWORKS.
• NOW USED IN QUARRYING, MINING
AND ROAD BUILDING.
36. GREAT INVENTIONS AS A RESULT OF WAR
• INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE,
ALTERED THE SPEED AND RANGE OF
WAR, STARTING IN WORLD WAR I AND
CONTINUING TODAY. DURING WORLD
WAR I, MACHINE GUNNERS ON THE
FRONT LINES HAD TO WAIT FOR
HORSE-DRAWN WAGONS TO BRING
THEIR AMMUNITION FROM
RAILHEADS, UNTIL SUPPLY TRUCKS
MADE THE LINK.
37. GREAT INVENTIONS AS A RESULT OF WAR
• NUCLEAR WEAPONS. A WEAPON SO
HORRIBLE, NO ONE WOULD USE IT.
"MOST WEAPONS PEOPLE THOUGHT
WOULD BE IN THAT CATEGORY JUST
MADE WAR MORE HORRIBLE," SAYS
HISTORIAN ROLAND. "NUCLEAR
WEAPONS ARE THE FIRST THAT
EVERYBODY AGREES WE CAN'T USE.“
• TODAY, NUCLEAR ENERGY FORMS AN
INDISPENSABLE PART OF HUMAN
NEEDS.
38. GREAT INVENTIONS AS A RESULT OF WAR
• GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS).
RELIES ON SATELLITES TO SHOW
LOCATION WITH PINPOINT
ACCURACY. THE SYSTEM RELIES ON
SATELLITES SET UP BY THE
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE IN THE
EARLY '90S.
• TODAY, A LOT OF PEOPLE RELY
HEAVILY ON THE GPS TO FIND THEIR
WAY.
39. GREAT INVENTIONS AS A RESULT OF WAR
• NIGHT VISION GOGGLES. SEEING AT
NIGHT IS INVALUABLE IN WARFARE.
HUNGARIAN PHYSICIST KÁLMÁN
TIHANYI INVENTED THE FIRST
INFRARED-SENSITIVE ELECTRONIC
CAMERA FOR THE U.K. MILITARY TO
HELP ANTIAIRCRAFT OPERATIONS.
• TODAY, INFRARED CAMERAS ARE AN
IMPORTANT PART OF MEDICAL
DIAGNOSTIC DEVICES.
40. GREAT INVENTIONS AS A RESULT OF WAR
• SUBMARINES. GERMANY PIONEERED
SUBMARINE TECHNOLOGY AHEAD OF
WORLD WAR 1 AND USED THEIR U BOATS TO
DOMINATE NAVAL WARFARE DURING THE
GREAT WAR. THE SINKING OF THE
LUSITANIA BY A GERMAN U BOAT FAMOUSLY
HELPED BRING THE U.S. INTO THE
EUROPEAN CONFLICT.
• SUBMARINES ARE NOW ARE USED FOR
TOURISM, EXPLORATION, OIL AND GAS
PLATFORM INSPECTIONS, AND PIPELINE
SURVEYS.
41. GREAT INVENTIONS AS A RESULT OF WAR
• MICROWAVES ARE ORIGINALLY THE
MEDIUM OF COMMUNICATION BY
RADAR.
• MICROWAVES ARE NOW HEATING
DEVICES FOUND IN ALMOST EVERY
KITCHEN.
42. GREAT INVENTIONS AS A RESULT OF WAR
• DUCT TAPE. INVENTED IN 1942 AS A
WAY FOR MILITARY PERSONNEL TO
SEAL AMMUNITION CASES SO THAT
WATER COULD NOT SEEP IN.
43. GREAT INVENTIONS AS A RESULT OF WAR
• COMPUTERS. THE ORIGINAL
COMPUTERS USED PUNCH CARDS AND
MECHANICAL LOOMS TO SOLVE
PROBLEMS. THE TECHNOLOGY
IMPROVED AT GREATER SPEED DURING
WORLD WAR II THOUGH, WHEN
AN ELECTRONIC DIGITAL
PROGRAMMABLE COMPUTER NAMED
COLOSSUS WAS INVENTED TO HELP
DECIPHER MESSAGES SENT BY THE NAZI
ENCRYPTION MACHINES.
44. GREAT INVENTIONS AS A RESULT OF WAR
• THE INTERNET. THE INTERNET WAS
ALLOWED MILITARY PERSONNEL TO
COMMUNICATE ON A CLOSED
NETWORK.
• THE INTERNET MAY BE THE GREATEST
INVENTION OF ALL TIME, AND THE
MILITARY HAD A LOT TO DO WITH ITS
DEVELOPMENT.
46. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ADVANCEMENT
CHANGES OUR THINKING OF WAR
• NUCLEAR – WAR TO END ALL WARS
• CYBERNETIC WARFARE
• DRONE WARFARE
• VIRTUAL REALITY WARFARE
• SOCIAL NETWORK-CENTRIC WARFARE
• NANOTECHNOLOGY
• BIOTECHNOLOGY
• SPACE WARS
https://www.wired.com/2009/01/how-tech-chan
