This annotated bibliography includes summaries of 10 scholarly sources that discuss the effects of military deployment and culture on families. The sources examine topics like the behavioral issues in children when parents are deployed, increased stress for single mothers, higher divorce rates for military families, the impact of prolonged separation on relationships, and both negative and positive impacts on children's development and academic performance. The sources provide data and perspectives that will help analyze how military service affects families.

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Annotated Bibliography
Kaylie Harding
HDFS 2300 Science of Studying Human Development
Jennifer George
October 9, 2019

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Annotated Bibliography
Chartrand, M. M., Frank, D. A., White L. F., & Shope, T. R. (2008). Effect of parents' wartime
deployment on the behavior of young children in military families. Arch Pediatr Adolesc
Med., 162(11), 1009-1014. doi:10.1001/archpedi.162.11.1009
The article tries to explain the effects deployment has on children through a cross
sectional study. The study involves children from ages one and a half to five years old
along with the parents that were a part of an on base day care center. The study finds that
children who are three years or older experienced higher behavior problems than the
children that did not have a family member deployed.
This article is useful because it discusses the methods and how they created the study and
the outcomes they gained from the study. It also creates a very descriptive table that
involves education, ethnicity, age, as well as the difference between the different
problems caused by having a father deployed versus a mother deployed. It also discusses
how we need to be careful not to generalize these results found because of the different
resources each family may have over another.
Cozza, S. J. (2014). Supporting America’s Military Children and Families. Applied
Developmental Science, 18(1), 1-4. https://doi-org.proxy-
remote.galib.uga.edu/10.1080/10888691.2014.866399
This article discusses specifically combat deployment and how that can be intense for
some of these families. It also talks about the abuse that some children experience
after their parent returns from combat deployment. It tells us how children’s health

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can be based on their parent’s actions. The article mentions military families have
higher divorce rates than nonmilitary families. It also discusses additional research
that needs to be made like how different aged kids may develop differently. As well
as what are the effects that devastating news brings on to children and families.
This article will be helpful because it highlights both negative and positive aspects
that military families face. It also gives specific statistics and goes into depth about
certain things like challenges they may face. It will help allow me to implement
information about the problems military families face.
DeGraff, A.N., O’Neal, C.W. & Mancini, J.A. (2016). The significance of military contexts
and culture for understanding family well-being: Parent life satisfaction and adolescent
outcomes. Journal of Child and Family Service, 25(10), 3022–3033. https://doi-
org.proxy-remote.galib.uga.edu/10.1007/s10826-016-0471-0
The next article I found talks about how help from the community and the other soldiers
allows better contentment involving their new jobs and overall life satisfaction when
dealing with a deployment. It talks about how there is a unit support system that is
sometimes set into place for support when needed by the soldier’s family. It analyzes
how encouragement from family and friends can help make the experience of the soldier
more positive.
This article is helpful for my literature review because it discusses certain organized
systems and their impact on the families. It also gives us information about how the
spouse handles the deployment will directly impact the way the child’s experience the

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deployment. This article is also helpful because it does a study that examines what the
families make out of their experiences and the effect that it has on the parent and child.
Drummet, A. R., Coleman, M., & Cable, S. (2004). Military Families Under Stress: Implications
for Family Life Education*. Family Relations. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3729.2003.00279.x
I found an article that addresses some of the positive views the military has on family
development. The article mentions how moving to other places can completely alter a
child’s academic efforts in a positive way. Children can make use of the move by starting
fresh in somewhere new. The move can also be seen as worthwhile if the new place
produces greater resources. It discusses how having a support system like the church,
supportive friends, etc. can make the situation seem possible. The article goes into detail
about how the military programs can help families with their move and provide them
with resources like the best housing and school systems.
This scholarly article is going to help me in developing one of my main points by
explaining the positive benefits of having a military family member. This article is
relevant because it gives information about support systems and the aspects of moving to
a new area. It will allow me to provide insight on how you can take something that seems
negative and turn it into a positive.
Kelly, M. L., Herzog-Simmer P. A., & Harris M. A. (1994). Effects of military-induced
separation on the parenting stress and family functioning of deploying mothers.
Military Psychology, 6(2), 125-138. http://doi-org.proxy-
remote.galib.uga.edu/10.1207/s15327876mp0602_4

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This article discussed women in particular and how women awaiting a deployment
experience stress as well as difficulty relating their children. This article specifically
observes single mothers and how they reported higher separation anxiety, and less
family structuring than two parent households. The article also talked about how the
navy involves a special opportunity that targets the implications families face with
separation. It examines the effects family’s depressive mood before deployment and
after deployment and what effects that has on the children.
This article will be useful to me because it gives me information about single parent
households and gives a new perspective on the effects military life has on raising a
family. It also studies cognitive and behavioral issues that may occur due to extended
periods of separation between families. The article is also effective because it talks
about how fathers struggle with missing important milestones as well as feeling like
they do not fit in with the family. This will allow me to take into account some of the
effects that the military has on single-parent homes.
Lester, P., & Flake, E. (2013). How Wartime Military Service Affects Children and
Families. The Future of Children, 23(2), 121-141. Retrieved from
http://www.jstor.org.proxy-remote.galib.uga.edu/stable/23595623
This article explores how being separated for prolonged periods of time from a family
member in the military can be very hard for every child, no matter how old they are.
Experiencing disconnection with a family member plus the fear of your military family
member at war is all things children worry about when deployment happens. The article
discusses how having to find a new job and new friends can be seen as worthwhile, but

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also can cause a disturbance in day to day routines. It talks about how the military life is
like a community and if a child has not been directly affected by the return of a family
member that has been injured or dealing with mental problems, they likely know
somebody that has.
This article is well-written and will help me because it gives certain statistics discussing
how many children deal with an active duty family member. This article will be
beneficial because it analyzes how children are responding to having a family member in
the armed forces. It will also help me in giving insight to terms like attachments,
academics, co-parenting, etc.
Lowe, K. N., Adams, K. S., Browne, B. L., & Hinkle, K. T. (2012). Impact of military
deployment on family relationships. Journal of Family Studies, 18(1), 17-27.
https://doi-org.proxy-remote.galib.uga.edu/10.5172/js.2012.2003
I found an article that explores how constant relocation for families is likely the cause
of families’ instability. It explains how military children have a hard time finding
motivation for school likely because they feel left out which leads to them having a
higher dropout rate than regular students. This article goes into detail about how
being stationed at a home base and knowing that one can be deployed at any time can
bring on a certain stress and anxiety.
This article will be helpful in expressing my main points because it gives me insight
on aspects that I have not read in other articles like how soldiers must have their will
in place as well as finances before they are deployed. This article is relevant because
it does research that examines certain aspects that affect the parent and child

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relationship. It will help allow me to dive into the true reasons behind the hardships of
the military and raising a family.
Palmer, Cale. (2008). A Theory of Risk and Resilience Factors in Military Families. Military
Psychology, 20 (3). doi:10.1080/08995600802118858
This article discussed a few factors that negatively affect the family. These include
soldiers struggling with PTSD, deployment, as well as returning from being deployed.
When a soldier suffers from PTSD it leads to problems like insufficient bonds with their
children as well as violence towards the child and spouse. PTSD within the military
family can even cause a mental illness in the children. Deployment can be exhausting.
The lack of a parent can cause depression on a child which can contribute to the lack of
academic success. The child takes on a responsibility of trying to help the spouse with
depression and emotional support as well.
This article will help me in discussing my question about the negative impacts of military
life on a family by allowing me to show the issues that a family may face. The article
broke down how a family tries to cope with the absence of a family member and points
out the stressors that these families go through. It is relevant to my paper because it
examines the trauma that one may feel or gain from the absence or abuse from a military
family member.
Kelly, M. L., Herzog-Simmer P. A., & Harris M. A. (1994). Effects of military-induced
separation on the parenting stress and family functioning of deploying mothers.
Military Psychology, 6(2), 125-138. http://doi-org.proxy-
remote.galib.uga.edu/10.1207/s15327876mp0602_4

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This article discussed women in particular and how women awaiting a deployment
experience stress as well as difficulty relating their children. This article specifically
observes single mothers and how they reported higher separation anxiety, and less
family structuring than two parent households. The article also talked about how the
navy involves a special opportunity that targets the implications families face with
separation. It examines the effects family’s depressive mood before deployment and
after deployment and what effects that has on the children.
This article will be useful to me because it gives me information about single parent
households and gives a new perspective on the effects military life has on raising a
family. It also studies cognitive and behavioral issues that may occur due to extended
periods of separation between families. The article is also effective because it talks
about how fathers struggle with missing important milestones as well as feeling like
they do not fit in with the family. This will allow me to take into account some of the
effects that the military has on single-parent homes.
Riggs, S. A., & Cusimano, A. (2014). The dynamics of military development in the family
system: What makes a parent fit for duty? Family Court Review, 52(3), 381-399.
https://doi-org.proxy-remote.galib.uga.edu/10.1111/fcre.12099
This article discusses how the family court system has observed greater divorce rates and
custody cases involving those within the military. It talks about how some members in
the military have gotten their kids taken away due to prolonged periods of deployment.
On that note the article believes that it is crucial that the family court systems recognize
the challenges that these families may face. It also talks about how custody assessments

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have been discussed and confess that they need to take into account factors like the
child’s psychological needs as well as things like the parent’s ability to take good care of
the child.
This article is useful because it explains some of the stresses military families encounter.
This article also gives us a better summary of the challenges these families face as well as
the impact the military has on not only the parents and children, but the family system as
a whole.
Sheppard, S. C., Malatras, J. W., & Israel, A. C. (2010). The impact of deployment on U.S.
military families. American Psychologist, 65(6), 599-609.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0020332
This article performs a longitudinal study that focuses on military members that have
been deployed to both Iraq and Afghanistan and what effects that has on their mental
health in the span of one year. With the longitudinal study they found mental illnesses
like depression, anxiety and PTSD. The article investigates maltreatment trends and
explains that maltreatment has risen. The article also explains the decrease that was seen
in test scores. Also discusses how deployment can be a big life change that is equivalent
to the impact divorce has on a family.
This article will help me discuss the answer to my question because it explains the effects
the military has on family’s development as well as preventions and treatments. The
article examines the cycle of deployment as well as family stability, specifically the
effects on children. It also will be helpful because it shows a chart that shows family

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stability during pre-deployment, deployment, sustainment, redeployment and lastly post
deployment.