Smart Cities in India: Privacy & Security Concerns and Strategies
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Smart Cities in India: Privacy & Security Concerns and Strategies
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Smart Cities in India: Privacy & Security Concerns and Strategies
- 2. Smart Cities of India: Privacy and Security Concerns and Strategies Kavitha Gupta Senior Legal Counsel - APAC Hitachi Consulting V. Rajesh Kumar Privacy & Data Protection Officer - APAC HCL Technologies Limited
- 4. No Universally Acceptable Definition
- 5. Leveraging Technologies Integration of Core Sub- Systems of City Services Deeper Analysis to provide Real Time Data In Simple Terms… • Connecting citizens with city services • Structuring dialog between Government and Citizens • Employment Opportunities • Social & Economic Development • Quality of Life CitizensCitizens
- 8. Stakeholders
- 9. Carrier Networks, IoT, M2M, Operators, Tran-receivers Communication Ownership, Liabilities, Data Usage Guidelines and Policies, Anonymization and Pseudonymization Legal Boundaries Behaviors, Consumption Pattern, Analysis, Sharing, Destruction, Aggregation Data Big Data, Cloud, Ubiquitous computing Access Controls, Authorization, Governance, Operations & Management Computing & Storage Online and Offline Users Core Components
- 10. Data Flow Model
- 11. Smart City & India Overall Market Estimate Overall Market Estimate FocusFocus 5 Years5 Years 100 Smart Cities100 Smart Cities 35% Urban Population 35% Urban Population 50,000 crores50,000 crores Social InfrastructureSocial Infrastructure Physical InfrastructurePhysical Infrastructure Institutional InfrastructureInstitutional Infrastructure Economic InfrastructureEconomic Infrastructure Smart City Mission – MUD (June 2015) Smart City Mission – MUD (June 2015) Report on Integrated ICT & Geo Spatial Technologies - Framework Report on Integrated ICT & Geo Spatial Technologies - Framework Synergies with Key National Schemes Synergies with Key National Schemes
- 13. List of 100 Proposed Smart Cities in India Source: http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/modis-smart-cities-have-a-viability-gap/1/469389.html
- 14. Source: https://blogs.voanews.com/techtonics/2017/05/12/smart-cities-are-not-just-about-technology/ Jaipur – Vision of Smart City
- 15. Applicable Laws and Regulations • Information Technology Act, 2000 • Information Technology (Reasonable security practices and procedures and sensitive personal data or information) Rules, 2011 – applicable to Private Sectors • Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and Other Subsidies, Benefits and Services) Act, 2016 • National Telecom Policy 2012 • National Data Sharing and Accessibility Policy 2012 • National Cyber Security Policy 2013 • IoT Policy (Draft)
- 16. Privacy Practices 16 Taxanomy IT Act 2000 Aadhar Act 2016 GDPR Information collection Surveillance Interrogation Information processing Aggregation Identification Insecurity Secondary use Exclusion Information dissemination Breach of confidentiality Disclosure Exposure Increased accessibility Appropriation Distortion Invasion Intrusion Decisional interference StrongStrong WeakWeak NoneNone
- 20. Privacy Concerns
- 21. Individual Rights • Whether the data collected are used for the right purpose? • Who are the other stakeholders using the data? • Whether data usage is beyond the subscription needs? • Where any procedures in place to allow citizens access to their data? • Are there sufficient safeguards to protect the data during transmit? • Who owns accountability for any breaches? • Are the practices “user (i.e. citizen) centric?”
- 22. Intrusion in to one’s personal life Identity Fraud Financial Theft Identity Fraud Financial Theft Marketing calls & Mails Marketing calls & Mails Embarrassment Discrimination Embarrassment Discrimination Profiling Commercial Tracking Profiling Commercial Tracking
- 23. Data Sharing • How are data shared between Government agencies and privacy players? • What sort of policies and guidelines are build for data flow between the stakeholders? • Rights to re-use the data • Who owns when new personal data is created in the process of collection and use? • What steps are taken by the Government to prevent loss of control over the data? • What agreements are in place to prevent misuse of data?
- 24. Data Profiling •Automatic Processing or computer techniques (such as data mining) •Analytics •Algorithms AggregateAggregate • Data Attributes • Online data • Offline records (such as Tax Info, Purchases) • Demographic Information • Data Attributes • Online data • Offline records (such as Tax Info, Purchases) • Demographic Information • Predictive Profiling • Individual Behaviors • Likes • Dislikes • Preferences • Attitudes • Predictive Profiling • Individual Behaviors • Likes • Dislikes • Preferences • Attitudes DiscoverDiscover •Online Advertisers •Data Brokers •Online Advertisers •Data Brokers
- 25. Data Security
- 26. Surveillance • Chilling effect on the Society at Large – Being free from observation or disturbance – Freedom of expression (Fear of Isolation) – Safeguards against discrimination – Unlawful arrests
- 29. Identification & Authentication SensorsSensors SensorsSensors SensorsSensors SensorsSensors GatewayGateway Applications [Mobile/Web] Applications [Mobile/Web]UserUser City Systems & Services City Systems & Services Identity ManagementIdentity Management Access Mgmt/ Authentication [OpenID, OAuth, SAML] Access Mgmt/ Authentication [OpenID, OAuth, SAML] DevicesDevices GovernmentGovernment Identifiers contain Attributes Identifiers contain Attributes PIIPII • Information Tracking • Unauthorized Access • Data Loss • Lack of In-depth controls C y b e r C r i m i n al s C y b e r C r i m i n al s
- 30. Inter-Operability OSOS Wired Sensors Wired Sensors Vendor Fragm entation Vendor Fragm entation UtilityUtility FTTHFTTH Com m unicatio n Protocols Com m unicatio n Protocols Hardware Platforms Hardware PlatformsApplication s Application s Information Sharing Technologie s Information Sharing Technologie s Wireless Sensors Wireless Sensors • Estimated waste of $341 billion by 2025 due to fragmented solutions • Using non-standardization solutions will drive global implementation cost of project cities to $1.12 trillion Technology Providers Technology Providers • Confidentiality • Integrity • Accessibility of the Services • Availability of real time data Above 90% of IT professionals believe Smart Cities don’t have any protection from cyber attacks today (Source: TripWire). Overarching ecosystem with multiple players and different technologies
- 33. Data Security
- 34. Way Forward
- 36. Privacy Enhancing Technologies • Encryption Tools • Policy Tools • Filtering Tools • Anonymity Tools To uniquely identify devices along with responsibility of the stakeholders
- 37. Inter-operability Standards • National Institute of Standards and Technology Big Data Interoperability Framework • IEEE Standard for an Architectural Framework for the Internet of Things (IoT) • ISO/TC 268, which is focused on sustainable development in communities • ISO 37120:2014 • ISO/TS 37151 and ISO/TR 37152 Smart community infrastructures • ISO/IEC JTC 1 Working group on Smart Cities (WG 11) • 7001 - PRIPARE Smart City Strategy • Smart city framework standard (PAS 181) • Data concept model for smart cities (PAS 182)
- 39. Governance
- 40. Cyber Response Team Close collaboration between Government, Citizens and Private Sectors
- 41. Thank You