Lecture in biology entitled Environmental Biology

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PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case
M I C R O B I O L O G Y
a n i n t r o d u c t i o n
ninth edition TORTORA  FUNKE  CASE
Part A
27
Environmental
Microbiology

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Microbial Diversity
 Microbes live in a variety of habitats because of their
abilities to
 Use a variety of carbon and energy sources.
 Grow under different physical conditions.
 Extremophiles live in extreme
 pH
 Temperature
 Salinity

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Mycorrhizae
 Fungi living in close association with plant roots
 Extend surface area of roots
Figure 27.1

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Commercial Uses of Mycorrhizae
Figure 27.2

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Biogeochemical Cycles
 Recycling (oxidation and reduction) of chemical
elements

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The Carbon Cycle
Figure 27.3

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The Nitrogen Cycle
Figure 27.4

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N2
Nitrogen - fixation
Ammonia (NH3)
Nitrate ion (NO3
-)
Pseudmonas
N2
Nitrite ion (NO2
-)
Nitrobacter
Nitrate ion (NO3
- )
Ammonium ion (NH4
+)
Nitrosomonas
Nitrite ion (NO2
- )
Amino acids (–NH2)
Microbial ammonification
Ammonia (NH3)
Proteins and waste products
Microbial decomposition
Amino acids
Nitrogen Cycle

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Formation of a Root Nodule
Figure 27.5

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The Sulfur Cycle
Figure 27.7

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Proteins and waste products Amino acids
Microbial decomposition
Amino acids (–SH)
Microbial dissimilation
H2S
H2S
Thiobacillus
SO4
2– (for energy)
SO4
2–
Microbial & plant assimilation
Amino acids
Sulfur Cycle

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Provides energy for bacteria
which may be used to fix CO2
CO2 Sugars Provides carbon for cell growth
Calvin Cycle
Life without Sunshine
 Primary producers in most ecosystems are
photoautotrophs.
Figure 5.24b (1 of 2)

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Life without Sunshine
 Primary producers in deep ocean and endolithic
communities are chemoautotrophic bacteria.
UN 6.1

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Life without Sunshine
 Primary producers in deep ocean and endolithic
communities are chemoautotrophic bacteria.
Figure 5.24b (2 of 2)
Provides energy for bacteria
which may be used to fix CO2
CO2 Sugars Provides carbon for cell growth
Calvin Cycle
H2S
SO4
2–

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The Phosphorous Cycle
UN 27.5

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Degradation of Synthetic Chemicals
 Natural organic matter is easily degraded by microbes.
 Xenobiotics are resistant to degradation.

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Decomposition by Microbes
Figure 27.8

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Decomposition by Microbes
 Bioremediation: Use of microbes
to detoxify or degrade pollutants;
enhanced by nitrogen and
phosphorus fertilizer.
 Bioaugmentation: Addition of
specific microbes to degrade of
pollutant.
 Composting: Arranging organic
waste to promote microbial
degradation.
Figure 27.9

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Decomposition by Microbes
Figure 27.10