1. The fishbone diagram was developed by Kaoru Ishikawa in the 1960s to analyze quality control processes in shipbuilding. It is used to identify the root causes of problems in a visual, easy-to-understand format. 2. The fishbone diagram resembles a fish skeleton, with the head representing the problem/effect and ribs representing categories of causes such as materials, methods, machinery, measurements, manpower, and environment. 3. An example fishbone diagram analyzes declining sales at a burger restaurant branch. Potential causes identified include issues with raw materials, recipes, storage, equipment, training, and humidity affecting food quality.

1. Fish Bone
Diagram &
Problem Solving
Karim El Maghraby

2. Introductio
nThe Ishikawa diagram (fish bone) was developed by Kaoru Ishikawa (1960s) as a way of
measuring quality control processes in the shipbuilding industry.
Other names for it:
•Fish bone diagram
•Herringbone diagram
•Cause and effect diagram
They show the cause of specific event. They resemble a fish skeleton, where :
Ribs
Head
causes of an
event the final
outcome
The purpose is to allow management to determine which issues have to be addressed in order
to gain or avoid a particular event.

3. Process to make fish bone
diagram:
1. Determine the problem (effect)
2. Identify the major categories of causes of the problem
3. Brainstorm all the possible causes of the problem “ ask why does this happen?”
4. Find out “ why does this happen?”
5. Continue to analyze “why?” to generate deeper levels of causes and organize them. This help to
identify root causes to prevent future problems.
Advantages:
• visual tool which is easy to understand and analyze
• Help identifying root cause of a problem and ways to improve the process
• Allows one to see all causes simultaneously
• Prioritize further analysis and helps to take correct action
Disadvantages:
• Complex defects may need a lot of causes , therefore, might need very large space for working out
the diagram
• Interrelationships between causes are not easily identifiable

4. Ishikawa or Fish bone diagram:
It looks like the skeleton of a fish, which is where the fishbone name came from.
The left side of the diagram is where the causes are listed. The causes are broken out into main cause categories
and then sub causes. The causes you identify will be placed in the appropriate cause categories as you build the
diagram.
The right side of the diagram lists the effect. The effect is written as the problem statement for which you are trying
to
identify the causes.

5. Main Factors Causing a
Defect
:

6. 6M
s
Measurement
s
Mother
Nature
Method
s
Material
Machiner
y
Ma
n

7. 1. Mother nature ( Environment ): Including temperature, humidity, noise, light and pollution all will
affect the product or service.
2. Man ( Personnel ): including personnel technology , experience and sense of responsibility.
3. Machinery: including facilities’ functionality and stability. For example rust, erosion will affect
efficiency.
4. Materials: including physical and chemical properties. Are materials suppliers stable or not.
5. Methods: techniques that affect the action and workflow including parameters, technical
guidance, etc.
6. Measurements: including measurement methods, calibration, fatigue , readability of results,
etc.

8. Example:
Queen burger Restaurant (QBR) is a special burger restaurant which is composed of 10
branches across Cairo City, it was established five years ago. It has made good achievement,
built an excellent relation with customers and a good branding within Burgers Restaurants, but in
the last 5 months the sales of Branch 3 which is located in Dokki District is declined by 40 %
YTD Versus same period with Previous Year, which indicate there is a problem and need to be
solved, regain the position of restaurant again and achieve the target by end of the year.
Manager held a meeting with employees and made brain storming to identify the main cause of
sales decline in 2018 Versus 2019 by using Fishbone Diagram for identifying the causes.

9. Bad
Burgers
MaterialsMethodsMachinery
ManMeasurementsMother Nature
Raw
materials
Unhygienic
packaging
Not fresh
Recipe
Not as
prescribed
quality
flawedNot
followed
Storage &
Cooking
equipment
Poor
maintenancePoor
hygiene
Mishandling
Unhygienic
storage
Insufficient
training
Incorrect
quantity
of spicing
Too hot
Affect
quality
Humidity
affects
Food quality

10. Problem
Solving:
• Materials Will change supplier of raw material to avoid our current supplier problems.
• Methods & Measurements Recipe not followed so we will conduct regular audit for the
kitchen.
• Man Training for the staff for personal hygiene and storage
hygiene.
• Mother
Nature
Avoid packaging while food is still too hot.
Increase number of kitchen hoods, fans and dehumidifier to avoid
humidity that affect food quality.
Machinery Regular maintenance for the equipment and kitchens.

11. To conclude, Fishbone diagram (cause and effect diagram) is a way to describe the cause of
a problem,
it is :
•Simple
•Effective
•Problem solving
•Enables determining the root causes of the problem
Therefore it makes us focus on all the true causes of the problem not the most obvious one
only. To apply fishbone diagram you have to :
•Identify the problem
•Identify causes weights
•Evaluate impact of causes
•Analyze
•Brainstorm
All of this is achieved by using 6M method.

12. Thank
you…
.

13. References: https://www.wallstreetmojo.com/fishbone-diagram/
https://slidebazaar.com/items/fishbone-powerpoint-template/ https://www.project-
management-skills.com/fishbone-diagram.html
http://www.leanmanufacture.net/operations/fishboneexample.aspx?fbclid=IwAR1
1FsGB pZtLqNbc5HEt2YM_GRaVhILYrnU1qtKYhhc_7jkm2gd56N8KPIM
https://png.is/f/youtube-nemo-dory-bed-sheets-0-youtube/6022899722878976-
201901110325.html
https://www.edrawsoft.com/6m-
method.html?fbclid=IwAR1tdKvLkV99POcih7HRYH6aO4EvQwI3si8fs6kBuyKcce
JUmNfsCE dPKaYhttps://www.project-management-skills.com/fishbone-
diagram.html?fbclid=IwAR0XVZFqdtY6Ap4wtZIri2K752hz3j4fQdryvnP2diRX_D_r
jzFJ6JIW 348