This PowerPoint presentation (PPT) offers a comprehensive exploration of the vital legal concept of "Free Consent." Delve into the core principles and significance of free consent in various legal agreements, contracts, and transactions. Learn about the essential elements, factors affecting consent, and real-life case studies. This informative PPT provides a clear and engaging insight into the pivotal role free consent plays in ensuring fair and just legal relationships.

1. FREE CONSENT
SEC 14 ICA
ICA- The Indian Contract Act, 1872
Submitted by- Japjot Singh
ERP Id.- R41253
Programme/ Course- B.A.LL.B. 2 year (Semester 3)
Submitted to- Ms. Kriti Sanadhya (Assistant Professor)
Subject- Law of Contract 1
School- Seedling School Of Law & Governance

2. INDEX
01
02
03
04
INTRODUCTION
WHY FREE CONSENT MATTERS
ELEMENTS
CONCLUSION

3. Imagine you're making an agreement with someone, like buying a product or
offering a service. Free consent is about ensuring that you and the other party
willingly and genuinely agree to the terms without any unfair pressures or
deceit.
In simple terms, it means that both sides agree because they genuinely want
to, not because they feel forced or misled. Understanding free consent is
crucial because it safeguards the fairness and legality of agreements. If free
consent is absent, a contract might become invalid.
We'll explore why free consent matters and the key elements involved, such
as coercion, undue influence, fraud, and misrepresentation. By the end of this
presentation, you'll have a clearer picture of why free consent is vital in our
everyday dealings and how it plays a significant role in maintaining honest and
just contracts.
INTRODUCTION

4. Imagine you are selling your smartphone to
a friend. You both agree on a price, but
later, your friend discovers that you
intentionally misrepresented the condition of
the phone. Your friend feels deceived and
wants to cancel the deal.
WHY FREE
CONSENT MATTERS
PROBLEM:
Your friend has the right to challenge the
contract due to the misrepresentation,
highlighting the importance of free
consent.
SOLUTION:

5. WHY FREE
CONSENT MATTERS
Fairness: It ensures that both parties willingly agree to the contract terms without being
pressured or manipulated.
Legality: Contracts with free consent are legally enforceable, protecting the rights of all
involved.
Preventing Unfair Practices: Free consent safeguards against coercion, undue influence,
fraud, and misrepresentation, which can unfairly tilt the balance in favor of one party.
Confidence: When people trust that agreements are made freely, it fosters confidence in
business and interpersonal relationships.
Contracts are the backbone of countless transactions in our daily lives, from buying goods to
entering into employment agreements. However, for these contracts to be fair and legally binding,
they must be entered into with free consent.
Why does free consent matter?
Understanding why free consent matters is the first step in appreciating its role in maintaining
equitable and lawful contracts. In the illustrative problem mentioned earlier, the misrepresentation
highlights the potential consequences of lacking free consent and emphasizes its significance in
everyday transactions.

6. ELEMENTS OF FREE
CONSENT
Coercion involves the use of force
or threats to compel someone to
enter into a contract against their
will. Contracts made under
coercion are not valid because
they lack free consent.
Undue influence occurs when one
party takes advantage of a position
of power or trust to manipulate the
other party's decision. Contracts
influenced in this manner can be
deemed void as they do not reflect
genuine consent.
Our platform prioritizes data security, employing
robust encryption and proactive measures to
safeguard sensitive Fraud entails deliberate
deception or misleading actions to induce
someone into a contract. Contracts formed
through fraud are voidable, meaning they can be
canceled by the deceived party.
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evolving needs of businesses, accommodating growth
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options.Misrepresentation involves providing false or
incomplete information that leads to a misunderstanding
about the terms of the contract. Contracts based on
misrepresentation may be voidable, allowing the
deceived party to reconsider their agreement.
ABSENCE OF COERCION: ABSENCE OF FRAUD:
ABSENCE OF UNDUE INFLUENCE: ABSENCE OF MISREPRESENTATION:
1 2 3 4
To ensure free consent in a contract, four essential elements must be
present. These elements act as protective measures to guarantee that
agreements are entered into fairly and voluntarily.

7. COERCION
Lack of Genuine Agreement: Coercion erases the voluntary nature of the contract, making it
voidable.
Legal Consequences: Contracts formed under coercion can be challenged and canceled by
the coerced party.
Protecting Free Consent: Recognizing coercion helps uphold the principles of free consent,
ensuring fair and just agreements.
Coercion is a significant threat to free consent in contracts. It involves the use of force, threats, or
intimidation to compel one party to enter into an agreement against their will. Let's delve deeper
into coercion:
Illustration : Imagine you're buying a car, and the seller threatens to harm you if you don't agree to
the deal. Feeling terrified, you reluctantly sign the contract. This is a clear case of coercion.
How Coercion Affects Consent:
In essence, coercion undermines the essence of free consent by replacing willingness with fear. It
is vital to identify and address coercion to maintain the integrity of contracts and protect individuals
from undue pressure or threats.

8. UNDUE INFLUENCE
Exploitation of Trust: Undue influence exploits trust and vulnerability, leading to agreements
that may not be freely made.
Legally Questionable: Contracts formed under undue influence can be challenged and
declared voidable.
Preserving Fairness: Recognizing undue influence is crucial to maintaining equitable
contracts and protecting those in vulnerable positions.
Undue influence is another critical factor that can compromise free consent in contracts. It occurs
when one party takes advantage of their position of power, authority, or trust to manipulate the
decisions of the other party. Let's explore undue influence:
Illustration: Imagine an elderly person signing over their valuable property to a caregiver who has
gained their trust over the years. However, the caregiver pressures them into this decision,
exploiting their vulnerability. This is a case of undue influence.
How Undue Influence Affects Consent:
Undue influence erodes the concept of free consent by manipulating the decision-making process.
Identifying and addressing undue influence is vital to ensuring that contracts are entered into
voluntarily and without any unfair pressure or manipulation.

9. FRAUD
Deception and Misrepresentation: Fraudulent misrepresentation distorts the truth, leading to
agreements based on false premises.
Voidable Contracts: Contracts formed through fraud can be legally challenged and declared
void.
Upholding Honesty: Detecting fraud is essential to maintain trust and integrity in contract
dealings.
Fraud is a deceptive practice that can undermine free consent in contracts. It involves intentionally
providing false information or concealing essential facts to induce someone into a contract. Let's
explore the concept of fraud:
Illustration: Imagine you're buying a piece of artwork, and the seller falsely claims it's a famous
artist's original work to inflate its value. Relying on this information, you purchase the artwork at a
significantly higher price. Later, you discover it's a forgery. This is a clear case of fraud.
How Fraud Affects Consent:
Fraud tarnishes the concept of free consent by distorting the truth and leading individuals to make
decisions based on false information. Recognizing and addressing fraud is vital to ensuring that
contracts are based on genuine and accurate representations of the terms involved.

10. MIS-
REPRESENTATION
False Understanding: Misrepresentation creates a false understanding of the contract's
terms, leading to agreements based on incorrect information.
Voidable Contracts: Contracts formed through misrepresentation can be legally challenged
and potentially voided.
Promoting Transparency: Detecting misrepresentation is essential for ensuring transparency
and honesty in contractual relationships.
Misrepresentation is a deceptive practice that can undermine free consent in contracts. It occurs
when one party provides false or incomplete information that leads the other party to
misunderstand the terms of the contract. Let's explore the concept of misrepresentation:
Illustrative Example: Imagine you're selling a used car and inadvertently state that it's only had
one previous owner when, in fact, it's had three. The buyer, relying on this information, purchases
the car. Later, they discover the misrepresentation. This is a case of misrepresentation.
How Misrepresentation Affects Consent:
Misrepresentation distorts the concept of free consent by causing parties to agree to terms they
didn't fully comprehend due to misleading information. Recognizing and addressing
misrepresentation is crucial for maintaining the integrity of contracts and protecting individuals from
unintentional deceit.

11. CONCLUSION
Absence of Coercion: Contracts must be free from threats and force.
Absence of Undue Influence: Parties should enter into agreements without
manipulation.
Absence of Fraud: Deceptive practices must not mislead or deceive.
Absence of Misrepresentation: Information should be clear, accurate, and
complete.
In conclusion, free consent lies at the heart of fair and legally binding contracts.
We've explored its significance and the key elements:
Understanding these elements is vital for maintaining the integrity of contracts. Lack
of free consent can render agreements voidable and lead to legal disputes.
Protecting your own free consent and respecting the free consent of others ensures
equitable and lawful contract dealings.
As we conclude, remember that free consent promotes trust, fairness, and honesty in
our interactions, both in business and personal relationships. Upholding free consent
is a shared responsibility that contributes to a just and reliable system of contracts.
Thank you for your attention, and we invite any questions you may have.

12. THANK YOU!