5. Primary care physician
Medical oncologist
Surgical oncologist
Radiation oncologist
Oncology nurse specialist
Pharmacist
Social workers
Rehabilitation specialist
Alternative medicine specialist
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6. Education of avoidable indentified risk factors
Healthful habits
Physical exercise
Smoking cessation
Diet modification
Maintenance of BMI
Sun avoidance
Naimittaka rasayana
Prophylactic chemoprevention e.g. tamoxifen for breast cancer ,
finasteride for prostrate cancer, NSAID for colon cancer
Vaccination e.g. hep. B , HPV vaccine.
Prophylactic surgical prevention e.g. Mastectomy, hysterectomy,
oophorectomy
Cancer screening ( ? Ethical dilemmas)
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7. Pain
Nausea
Effussions ( Pleural Cavity, Pericardium, Peritoneum)
Decrease in Nutrition (sudden weight loss, Cachexia )
Sudden appearance of lump in body
Unexplained and contrast symptoms e.g. diarrhoea and constipation
Haemorrhage (urine, vagina, mouth)
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8. NON INVASIVE DIAGNOSTICTEST
Lab values of tumor
markers
Imaging e.g. X-ray, CT,
MRI, PET.
INVASIVETISSUE BIOPSY
Histopathological studies
(HPE)
Fine needle aspiration
cytology
Invasive tissue biopsy is the final approach in order
to truly diagnose cancer
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10. MARKER NEOPLASTIC
CONDITION
NON
NEOPLASTIC
CONDITION
Prostrate Specific
Antigen (PSA)
Prostrate cancer Benign Prostrate
Hypertrophy
CA-125 Ovarian cancers Pregnancy,
Menstruation
CA-19-9 Colon, Pancreatic,
Breast cancer
Pancreatitis
CD 30 Hodgkin’s diseases
CD 25 Leukemia
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Tumor markers values are also used to assess the
response the treatment.
12. TNM STAGING
TUMOR NODES METASTASIS
T1 N1- Present M1 - Present
T2 N0- Absent M0 – Absent
T3 (lymph nodes
irregularities)
(to distant organs
other than primary
organ)
T4
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Based on staging the treatment plan is made and
prognosis is sought.
Tumor
size
15. SOMATIC PSYCHOLOGICAL
Nausea Depression
Vomiting Dysphoria
Febrile Neutropenia Anhedonia
Anaemia Insomnia
Anorexia/ weight loss Agitation
Jaundice Fear
Systemic infection Anxiety
Immunosuppression Suicidal ideation
Mouth sores Social rejectance
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16. SOMATIC PSYCHOLOGICAL
Appetite reduction Behavioral problems
Fatigue
Deforming surgery
(Disfigurement)
Loss of hair
Sexual dysfunction
Physical loss ( Handicap)
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