Atmosphere, layers, composition etc

1. Components Of Presentation
1)Introduct
ion
2)Layers Of
Atmosphere
3)Composition
8)Solution
5)Energy
interaction
4)Principal gases
6)Importance7)Threats

2. Introduction To Atmosphere
Atmosphere is the combination of two Greek words
Atmos means Vapour and
Sphaira means Sphere
The ‘Blanket’ of
gases surrounding
the ‘Earth’

3. Layers of Earth's Atmosphere
Layers of the atmosphere: troposphere,
stratosphere, mesosphere and
thermosphere.
Earth's atmosphere has a
series of layers, each with its
own specific traits. Moving
upward from ground level,
these layers are named the
troposphere, stratosphere,
mesosphere, thermosphere
and exosphere. The exosphere
gradually fades away into the
realm of the interplanetary
space.

4. Troposphere:
•The troposphere is the lowest layer of our atmosphere.
•Starting at ground level, it extends upward to about 10 above sea level.
•We humans live in the troposphere, and nearly all weather occurs in this lowest layer.
•Most clouds appear here
•Air pressure drops, and temperatures get colder, as you climb higher in the troposphere.
Stratosphere:
•The next layer up is called the stratosphere.
•The stratosphere extends from the top of the troposphere to about 50 km above the ground.
•The infamous ozone layer is found within the stratosphere.
•Ozone molecules in this layer absorb high-energy UV light from the Sun.
•Unlike the troposphere, the stratosphere actually gets warmer the higher you go.
•Commercial passenger jets fly in the lower stratosphere.
•The jet stream flows near the border between the troposphere and the stratosphere.

5. Mesosphere:
•Above the stratosphere is the mesosphere.
•It extends upward to a height of about 85 km above our planet.
•Most meteors burn up in the mesosphere.
•Unlike the stratosphere, temperatures grow colder as you rise up through the mesosphere.
•The coldest temperatures in Earth's atmosphere (about -90° C).
Thermosphere:
•The layer of very rare air above the mesosphere is called the thermosphere.
•High-energy X-rays and UV radiation from the Sun are absorbed in the thermosphere, raising its
temperature to hundreds or at times thousands of degrees.
•The air in this layer is very .
•Many satellites actually orbit Earth within the thermosphere.
•The top of the thermosphere can be found anywhere between 500 and 1,000 km above the
ground.
•Temperatures in the upper thermosphere can range from about 500° C to 2,000° C or higher.
•The aurora, the Northern Lights and Southern Lights, occur in the thermosphere.

6. Exosphere
•Although some experts consider the thermosphere to be the uppermost layer of our
atmosphere, others consider the exosphere to be the actual "final frontier" of Earth's gaseous
envelope.
•As you might imagine, the "air" in the exosphere is very, very, very thin, making this layer even
more space-like than the thermosphere.
•There is no clear-cut upper boundary where the exosphere finally fades away into space.
•Different definitions place the top of the exosphere somewhere between 100,000 km and
190,000 km above the surface of Earth.
Ionosphere
•The ionosphere is not a distinct layer like the others mentioned above.
•Instead, the ionosphere is a series of regions in parts of the mesosphere and thermosphere
where high-energy radiation from the Sun has knocked electrons loose from their parent atoms
and molecules.
•The electrically charged atoms and molecules that are formed in this way are called ions, giving
the ionosphere its name and endowing this region with some special properties.

7. ‘’Sphere’’ Versus ‘’Pause’’

8. •Near the ground, ozone is an air pollutant that causes lung damage and asthma attacks.
•But 10 to 30 miles above the Earth’s surface (16-48 km), ozone molecules protect life on Earth.
•They help shield our planet from harmful solar radiation.
•The ozone layer, in the stratosphere, is where about 90% of the ozone in the Earth system is found.
•Ozone is powerful, able to block the most harmful radiation.
•Ozone absorbs the most energetic wavelengths of ultraviolet light, known as UV-C and UV-B, wavelengths that harm
living things.
•Oxygen molecules absorb other forms of ultraviolet light, too.
•Together, ozone and oxygen molecules are able to absorb 95 to 99.9% of the ultraviolet radiation that gets to our
planet.
•When UV light is absorbed by oxygen and ozone, heat is generated, which is why the stratosphere gets warmer with
altitude.

9. Composition Of Atmosphere

10. Gases Formula Percent By Volume
Nitrogen N2 78%
Oxygen O2 21%
Argon Ar 0.9%
Carbon Dioxide CO2 0.039%
Others 0.06%
Neon Ne 0.0018%
Helium He 0.0005%
Methane CH4 0.0001%
Krypton Kr 0.0001%
Hydrogen H2 0.00005%
Principal Gases Of The Atmosphere

11. Energy interaction in the atmosphere

12. Without the protective layer of gases that make up Earth's atmosphere,
•The harsh conditions of the solar system would render the planet a barren,
•Lifeless husk like the moon.
•The Earth's atmosphere protects and sustains the planet's inhabitants by
providing warmth and absorbing harmful solar rays.
•In addition to containing the oxygen and carbon dioxide, which living things need
to survive, the atmosphere traps the sun's energy and wards off many of the
dangers of space.
Importance of the Atmosphere
Some of the most important aspects of the atmosphere are listed below
1.Temperature
2.Radiation
3.Physical protection
4. Weather and water

13. 1. Climate change...
2. Deforestation...
3. Pollution...
4. Loss of biodiversity...
5. Oceanic dead zones...
6. Overpopulation...
7. Over-fishing…
Our planet is under attack- here are 6 environmental threats facing it now:
Threats to Atmosphere

14. Reduction of Atmospheric threats
Atmosphere is actually the series of cyclic phenomenon's. These
phenomenon’s shows variations as any change done in any of the
article.
Some them are the following
1)Cutting trees must be reduced to reduce CO2 production and
more trees must be planted to increase O2 content in the
atmosphere.
2)Production of gases such as CO2, CFC, NO2 etc must be reduced
to avoid ozone depletion.
3)The green house effect must be reduced by less production of
the green house gases.