Sewage Gases Cause Respiratory Problems

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE CHIMBORAZO
FACULTAD: CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD
ESCUELA: TERAPIA FÍSICA Y DEPORTIVA
SUBJECT:
ENGLISH
LEVEL:
1ST “I”
RESEARCH PROJECT
TOPIC:
SEWAGE GASES
NAMES:
GUERRERO CRISTIAN
GUERRERO RUTH
DATE: JULY, 16TH, 2015

CHAPTER I
1. PROBLEMATIZATION
1.1. Problem formulation
The Ecuadorian population has been affected over the years by the gases
emanating sewers, this is because the organic and inorganic wastes are dumped
down sinks and toilets accumulate in them, emitting some chemical
composition, which caused respiratory illnesses in the population so damaging
to your health.
In the city of Riobamba are many people affected by the gas sewers that are
due to products such as grease or food residues that are often discarded by
people irresponsibly, infecting so the sewer being the cause of it emanate toxic
as methane.
People living in the San Antonio district Airport are affected by this type of
gases emanating sewers, which is produced by the mixture of waste food and
fat that the villagers themselves disposed without measuring the damage
caused all the inhabitants and being one of the causes of respiratory problems.
1.2. Problem
What breathing problems occur sewer gases to be inhaled by residents of
the neighborhood "San Antonio del Aeropuerto" in the Riobamba city during
the period May - July 2015?
1.3. Timing
1.3.1. Temporary location
This research was carried out from May to July 2015.
1.3.2. Spatial location
The research will result in the neighborhood "San Antonio del
Aeropuerto" in av. Begonias from av. Antonio Jose de Sucre to Rosas
street in Riobamba city Chimborazo province.

1.3.3 Topic
Study of gases emanating from the sewer to determine the main
respiratory problems caused by the local people "San Antonio Airport" in
Riobamba city during the period May - July 2015.
1.4. Objectives
1.4.1. General
Identify cause respiratory problems sewer gases residents of the
neighborhood "San Antonio del Aeropuerto" in Riobamba city during the
period May - July 2015.
1.4.2. Specific
• Diagnose breathing problems of the inhabitants of the neighborhood
"San Antonio Airport" in the city of Riobamba, to determine if they are
caused by the inhalation of sewer gases.
• Conduct a survey of the inhabitants of the "San Antonio Airport" in
Riobamba city to obtain data on respiratory problems experienced during
the period May - July 2015.
• Making a brochure aimed at the inhabitants of the neighborhood "San
Antonio Airport" in Riobamba city with information on how to prevent
breathing problems caused by sewer gases.
1.5. Justification
The methane and acid gases emanating from the sewers that are foul odors
generated by the putrefaction of organic waste generated which damage the
health of people with respiratory problems and children especially, who are
more affected by this type of pollution causing some discomfort such as
nausea, headaches and vomiting, therefore conducted this study to determine
how field has been affecting this type of gases to the various people who live in
the San Antonio district Airport Riobamba, province of Chimborazo, in order
to inform people in a better way it is these gases that health problems are those

that can cause the same, which would be the measures to take to avoid being
exposed to these gases, among others.
This research was carried out from May to June 2015 in order to socialize this
issue that is very important for all to know, because having all the knowledge
of the subject they were prevent continue to give this kind of respiratory
problems among the inhabitants of this neighborhood.
CHAPTER II
2. Theoretical framework
2.1. Conceptual framework
2.1.1. Respiratory problems
Respiratory problems are those affecting the respiratory system or
apparatus. This consists of mouth, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea,
and bronchi. Among them we can find the common cold without further
repercussions cough, runny nose, sore throat and fever or serious diseases
such as pulmonary emphysema, lung cancer, etc. (Ortiz)
2.1.2. Sewage Gases
The sewage gas is a complex mixture of toxic and non-toxic, produced
and collected in sewer systems, by decomposing organisms domestic or
industrial waste. Sewer gases include hydrogen sulfide, ammonia,
methane, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides. (Construction)
2.2. Theoretical framework
SEWER GAS
Sewer gases are a mixture of toxic and non-toxic. Toxic gases include
hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. These also contain various levels of methane,
carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrous oxide. Enter your home through
drains, leaky plumbing and sewer vents clogged roof. Fumes from municipal
sewers, storage tanks and septic tanks. Exposure to these gases is dangerous
and can be life threatening. (Hawthorne)

COMPONENTS OF SEWER GAS
Hydrogen sulfide
Low levels of hydrogen cause symptoms similar to allergies in humans,
such things as burning eyes and coughing. The symptoms that are more severe
include nervousness, dizziness, nausea, headaches and drowsiness. Hydrogen
sulfide smells much like rotten eggs. Exposure to extremely high levels of this
gas can cause unconsciousness and death. (Hawthorne)
Methane
While not toxic, exposure to high levels of methane indoors may cause
asphyxiation. Methane reduces the amount of oxygen in the air, causing
headache, nausea, dizziness and unconsciousness. Death can occur quickly and
without warning. Methane is highly flammable; an accumulation of this gas
becomes extremely explosive. (Hawthorne)
Carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide is a by-product methane. It is odorless, tasteless, non-
irritating and deadly. According to the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, each year in the United States thousands of people become ill after
accidental carbon monoxide poisoning, and about 450 of them die. Those who
survive often suffer long-term neurological problems. Symptoms may take the
form of migraine, depression, chronic fatigue or flu when exposed to low levels
on a daily basis. As the exposure becomes more apparent, you may experience
confusion, seizures and unconsciousness. You can also experience
hallucinations or it may become too emotional; you can even see or experience
ghost’s supernatural events. Installing a carbon monoxide detector could save
your life. (Hawthorne)
WHAT TO DO TO AVOID CONTACT WITH THESE BE SEWER
GASES?
Empty traps
The lack of water inside of the traps also allow sewer gases. A trap is
curved tube portion underneath the bathtub or bathroom. Another pitfall of the

tub or shower is hidden under the ground. These traps always keep an amount
of stagnant water inside, blocking the entry of sewer gases. Water sometimes
evaporates or decreases with time, as when much time passes unused. Pour
about one quart (1.14 L) of water in the drains of these accessories. The correct
amount of water will remain in the trap. (John)
Obstruction of vent pipes
Drainage and ventilation system of a house plumbing pipes connecting all
accessories inside the bathroom including the toilet, sink and bathtub, a piping
system. Vent pipes are one of the components of this system. These tubes do
not transport water, but must sewer vent gases outwards. If this pipe is clogged,
water can get out of the trap in a fixture, leaving it exposed to sewer gases
entering through the drain fitting. Normally, using a drill or water hose to
unclog the vent pipe. (John)
Cracked pipes
A vent pipe may also be obstructed, in which case the gas leak. Once
ubiques crack, cut the damaged section and installs new accessories. The crack
may be in a sewer pipe, in this case the pipe will lose both water and sewer gas.
If your home has a crawlspace beneath it, you can enter and search any
drainage pipe that is damaged. (John)
• Do not allow grease into the sewer system to not be washed down the drain.
Fat solidifies in pipes and sewers, trapping waste. Over time, an accumulation
of fat can clog the water flow and cause sewage to build up in your home.
(Hawthorne)
• Do not pour chemicals such as antifreeze, insecticides, pesticides or cleaning
products, paint thinners, fertilizers or fuel down the drain. The chemicals enter
the sewer system and travel to the water treatment plant, making it difficult to
purify; They can also damage expensive equipment in the plant. Additional
expenses in the treatment plant can increase your water bill and wastewater.
(Hawthorne)
HOW TO REMOVE THE SMELL GAS SEWERS?

Instructions
1. Locate the area where the odor is stronger. That will tell the drain you have
to clean or lubricate. (Delaney)
2. Pour water down the drain. If the P-shaped pipe is dry, you can smell gas
emanating through the house. Pour at least one quart of water or more down
the drain. If this does not resolve the problem, try the next step. (Delaney)
3. Clean the drain. Remove whatever is stuck, if anything. It is advisable to
wear rubber gloves for handling waste there in the pipes. (Delaney)
4. Remove the hair and other debris that are stuck or as a plug at the top and
throw it away. Do not flush it down the toilet could obstruct. (Delaney)
5. Wash the lid in a bucket with hot water and soap. (Delaney)
6. Fold the end of a wire, forming a small hook. Its size should be similar to a
hanger. (Delaney)
7. Insert the wire through the hook shaped end to the drain to remove debris.
(Delaney)
8. Pull the wire to remove the debris and throw it away. (Delaney)
9. Pour 4 or 5 gallons (15-18 l) of boiling water down the drain. This will
remove any dirt. If this does not solve the problem, continue with the next step.
(Delaney)
10. Pour two tablespoons of cooking oil down the drain. This permeates shaped
pipes P, since oil is always maintained above the water and helps eliminate
evaporation. (Delaney)
11. Locate the sewer vent pipe on the roof. Then carefully placed a ladder to
reach it. (Delaney)
12. Check that the vent pipe does not have tree branches, leaves or other debris
that may be obstructing. (Delaney)
13. Remove your hands anything that might be blocking the tube. If you do not
reach, connect the hose and clean it under running water. Unlocks the key to
the maximum pressure and let it run for about five minutes. (Delaney)

CHAPTER III
3. METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK
3.1. Research Design
The design of this research is to perform basic as our research we have
relied on books and websites where we find extensive information on what the
sewer gases.
3.2. Such research
3.2.1. Field research
We rely on field research as it is the process, using the scientific
method, allows for new knowledge in the field of social reality. Or
consider a situation to diagnose needs and problems in order to apply the
knowledge for practical purposes. This type of research is also known as
spot investigation as it is done on the site itself where the subject matter
is. This allows more thorough knowledge of the researcher, can handle
data more safely and can be supported in exploratory, descriptive and
experimental designs, creating a situation in which control handles on
one or more dependent variables.
3.3. Methods
3.3.1. Inductive logical method
It is the reasoning that, based on particular cases, rises to general
knowledge. This method allows the formation of hypothesis, research of
scientific laws, and demonstrations. Induction can be complete or
incomplete.
The conclusion is drawn from the study of all the elements that form
the subject of research, ie it is only possible if we know the exact number
of elements that form the subject matter and also when we know that the
generalized knowledge belongs to everyone elements of the research
object. Complex calls demonstrations are forms of inductive reasoning,

only that in them gradually samples are articulated to achieve full
induction study are taken.
3.4. Techniques
For the development of the research will be necessary to use techniques,
according to the purposes of this research are:
Our type of documentary observation was based on a review of magazines,
books, newspapers.
3.5. Instruments
The survey is an investigation, in descriptive research designs in which the
researcher seeks to collect data through a previously designed questionnaire or
an interview, without changing the environment or the phenomenon where
information is collected. The data are obtained by performing a set of standard
questions to a representative sample or, often integrated by individuals,
companies and institutional entities, in order to meet the full set of statistical
population under study states opinion, characteristics or specific facts . The
investigator should select the most suitable questions, according to the nature
of the investigation.
3.6. Population and sample
3.6.1. Population
The set of benchmarks on which observations are made. It is also the
package on which we are interested in obtaining conclusions. It is usually
too large to comprehend it, why is the removal of a sample of it may be
needed.
The total population for our research project is 30 people, living in the
neighborhood "San Antonio del Aeropuerto" in the city of Riobamba
3.7. Hypothesis
Sewer gases cause respiratory problems if inhaled by residents of the
neighborhood "San Antonio Airport" in the city of Riobamba during the period
May - July 2015.

3.8. Analysis and interpretation of results
1. Do you know what are the sewer gases?
Table #1
Source: residents of the neighborhood "San Antonio del Aeropuerto"
Manufactured: Cristian Guerrero, Guerrero Ruth
Source: Table # 1
Interpretation: a total of 30 respondents representing 100% of the 40% who
are 12 people said that if they know what the sewer gases while 33% are 10
people who say they do not know what the gases sewer and 27% who were 8
people say they know something what the sewer gases.
Analysis: 40% of people said that if they know what the sewer gases while
33% say they do not know what the sewer gases and 27% say they know
something what the sewer gases.
OPTIONS RATE PERCENTAGE
YES 12 40%
NO 8 27%
MAYBE 10 33%
TOTAL 30 100%
40%
27%
33%
Graphic #1
YES
NO
MAYBE

2. Did you know that the smell of these gases is rotten egg?
Table # 2
Source: Table # 2
are 12 people said that if they know the sewer gas smell of rotten eggs while
33% are 10 people who say they do not know that gases Sewer smell of rotten
eggs and 27% who were 8 people say they know something that sewer gas
smell of rotten eggs.
Analysis: 40% of people said that if they know the sewer gas smell of rotten
eggs while 33% say they do not know that sewer gas smell of rotten eggs and
27% say they know something gases sewer smell of rotten eggs.
YES 12 40%
NO 10 33%
MAYBE 8 27%
TOTAL 30 100%
40%
33%
27%
Graphic #2
YES
NO
MAIBE

3. Do you what the chemical composition of these gases know?
Table #3
Source: Table # 3
are 22 people said that if they know the chemical composition of sewer gas
smell of rotten eggs while 13% are 4 people says do not know that sewer gas
smell of rotten eggs and 13% are 4 people say they know something that sewer
gas smell of rotten eggs.
Analysis: 40% of people said that if they know the sewer gas smell of rotten
eggs while 33% say they do not know that sewer gas smell of rotten eggs and
27% say they know something gases sewer smell of rotten eggs.
YES 4 13%
NO 22 73%
MAYBE 4 13%
TOTAL 30 100%
13%
74%
13%
Graphic #3
YES
NO
MAIBE

4. Do you know how these gases are formed?
Table # 4
YES 8 27%
NO 14 47%
MAYBE 8 27%
TOTAL 30 100%
Source: Table # 4
Interpretation: a total of 30 respondents representing 46% 100% 14 people
are not so sure how these gases are formed while 27% say they are 8 people if
they know how these gases are formed and 27% are 8 people say they do not
know how these gases are formed.
Analysis: 46% of respondents not so sure how these gases are formed while
27% of people said if they know how these gases are formed and 27% of
people say they do not know how these gases are formed.
27%
46%
27%
Graphic #4
YES
NO
MAIBE

5. Do you know what consequences it brings you inhale these gases?
Table #5
YES 8 27%
NO 14 47%
MAYBE 8 27%
TOTAL 30 100%
Source: Table # 5
are 14 states that people do not know what impact does inhaling these gases
while 27% are 8 people if you know what are the consequences of inhaling
these gases and 27% are 8 people say they do not know what impact does
inhaling these gases.
Analysis: 46% of respondents said that does not know what impact does
inhaling these gases while 27% of people know what are the consequences if
inhaling these gases and 27% of people say they do not know what impact does
inhaling these gases.
27%
46%
27%
Graphic #5
YES
NO
MAIBE

6. In the place you live has been able to identify these gases?
Table #6
YES 22 73%
NO 2 7%
MAYBE 6 20%
TOTAL 30 100%
Source: Table # 6
Interpretation: a total of 30 respondents representing 73% 100% 22 people
that are manifested in the place they live if they could identify these gases
while 20% said they are 6 people in the place they live some have been able to
identify these gases and 7% say they are 2 people in the place they live have
been unable to identify these gases.
Analysis: 73% of respondents said that in the place they live if they could
identify these gases while 20% of people said to be living in the place some
have been able to identify these gases and 7% of people say They are living in
the place they have been unable to identify these gases.
73%
7%
20%
Graphic #6
YES
NO
MAIBE

7. Yes, you have identified these gases, have you had any health problems
often?
Table #7
YES 20 67%
NO 0 0%
MAYBE 10 33%
TOTAL 30 100%
Source: Table # 7
are 20 people said that if they have had any health problems often and 33%
who were 10 people say they have not had any health problems with frequency.
Analysis: 67% of respondents said that if they have had any health problems
often and 33% of people say they have not had any health problems frequently.
67%
0%
33%
Graphic #7
YES
NO
MAIBE

8. If your answer was yes above, has done something to avoid being in contact
with these gases?
Table #8
YES 8 27%
NO 22 73%
MAYBE 0 0%
TOTAL 30 100%
Source: Table # 8
are 22 persons states that have not done anything to avoid contact with these
gases and 27% who were 8 people say that if you have done something avoid
contact with these gases.
Analysis: 73% of respondents said that they have not done anything to avoid
contact with these gases and 27% of people say that if they have done
something to avoid contact with these gases.
27%
73%
0%
Graphic #8
YES
NO
MAIBE

9. Would you like to know more about these gases?
Table # 9
Source: Table # 9
are 28 states that if people would like to hear more about these gases and 7%
that are 2 people say that possibly would like to hear more about of these gases.
Analysis: 93% of respondents said that if they would like to hear more about
these gases and 7% of people say that possibly would like to hear more about
these gases.
YES 28 93%
NO 0 0%
MAYBE 2 7%
TOTAL 30 100%
93%
0% 7%
Graphic #9
YES
NO
MAIBE

CHAPTER IV
4. RESOURCES
4.1. Materials
For the current academic research materials such as leaves, pens, pencils,
the same that will help us target the different parameters that we observe in the
course of our work and also for the different surveys were used. Other
resources that we will use will be the book, in which we can find out the
uncertainties that arise when making the theoretical framework of this work.
Surely technological materials like cameras are used, which serve to capture a
scene that will be helpful to the investigation. Finally, they will be used as
teaching materials are brochures that serve to inform the public about what we
have investigated.
4.2. Financial
For this research the implementation of surveys will you miss the
inhabitants of the sector is for this reason that in this academic work invested
about $ 5, which will be used for printing sheets of surveys and the preparation
is necessary and printing the brochures.
4.3. Human talent
In this research it values all people who have been involved in it, being so
are divided into two groups: the researchers, who put all their effort and
commitment to the realization of this; and investigated or surveyed, which in
this case are the residents of the neighborhood "San Antonio Airport", which
collaborated on this research at the time agreed to answer surveys.

4.4. TIMETABLE
BIBLIOGRAPHY
(s.f.). Obtenido de https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilex_guayusa
construcción, E. a. (s.f.). ARQHYS. Obtenido de ARQHYS.com :
http://www.arqhys.com/contenidos/alcantarillado-gas.html
Delaney, G. (s.f.). eHow en Español. Obtenido de
http://www.ehowenespanol.com/eliminar-olor-gas-alcantarillas-como_19828/
Hawthorne, K. (s.f.). e How en Español. Obtenido de
http://www.ehowenespanol.com/cuales-son-peligros-gases-alcantarilla-
info_116277/
John, C. (s.f.). eHow en Español. Obtenido de http://www.ehowenespanol.com/cuarto-
bano-huele-alcantarilla-info_179941/
Ortiz, J. J. (s.f.). En buenas manos. Obtenido de En buenas manos Web site:
http://www.enbuenasmanos.com/problemas-de-salud/problemas-respiratorios/
SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES
WEEKS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
CHAPTER I
PROBLEMATIZATION
Problem formulation
problem
Timing (temporal and spatial)
topic
Aims and objectives
justification
CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
conceptual framework
theoretical framework
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK
Research Design
Such research
methods
techniques
instruments
Population and Sample
hypothesis
CHAPTER IV
MEANS
materials
financial
Human Talent
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ATTACHMENTS
ACTIVITY DATE
4 TO 22 MAY 2015
MAY 25 TO JUNE 5, 2015
8 TO 19 JUNE 2015
JUNE 22 TO JULY 3, 2015
6 TO 10 JULY 2015
13 TO 22 JULY 2015

SEWER GAS
“SAN ANTONIO DEL AEROPUERTO” NEIGHBORHOOD

SEWER GAS
SURVEY OF NEIGHBORS OF “SAN ANTONIO DEL
AEROPUERTO” NEIGHBORHOOD

Sewage Gases Cause Respiratory Problems

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