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阿蘇山における地中レーダ探査と
火山灰の複素比誘電率特性
○ 園田 潤 †
 木本 智幸 ‡
 橋本 瑞樹 ††
 金澤 靖 ††
†
仙台高専  ‡
大分高専  ††
豊橋技科大
信学総大@東京電機大 ’18/3/21 – p. 1
本日の内容
1. 研究背景・既存研究・本研究の目的
2. 阿蘇中岳山頂付近の火山灰の複素比誘電率特性
3. 阿蘇中岳山頂付近の火山灰の地中レーダ探査
4. まとめと今後の展開
阿蘇中岳火口斜面の堆積層
信学総大@東京電機大 ’18/3/21 – p. 2
研究背景
近年の国内における火山災害例
1. 2014 年 9 月の御嶽山噴火(58 名死亡 5 名行方不明)
2. 2016 年 10 月の阿蘇山爆発的噴火(降灰が兵庫まで)
3. 2018 年 1 月の本白根山噴火(噴石で 1 名死亡 11 名
負傷)
火山災害のレーダ応用
気象レーダによる噴煙観測
人工衛星・航空機 SAR による降灰範囲推定
地中レーダによる降灰量・堆積厚の定量把握
地中レーダによる火山灰中の不明者捜索への適用
火山灰の特性や地中レーダ適用の検証が必要
信学総大@東京電機大 ’18/3/21 – p. 3
既存研究
火山灰の複素比誘電率測定
R. J. Adams et al., 1996:火山灰 4~19 GHz 帯
T. Oguchi et al., 2009:国内 5 火山の火山灰 3~13
GHz 帯
A. B. Rogers et al., 2011:火山灰 65~110 GHz 帯
火山での地中レーダ探査
J . K. Russell al., 1997:深さ 100 m@100 MHz
M. Tohge et al., 1998:深さ数 m の住居跡@350 MHz
A. B. Rogers et al., 2006:深さ 10 m@100 MHz
C. Gomez et al., 2008:深さ 10 m@100 MHz
G. Curioni et al., 2017:長期観測@250/700 MHz
信学総大@東京電機大 ’18/3/21 – p. 4
本研究の目的と内容
目的:地中レーダによる比較的新しい火山灰の堆積推定
と火山灰の数百 MHz 帯の複素比誘電率特性の把握
内容:阿蘇中岳火口付近の火山灰での実験
TDR による 100~1000MHz 帯における火山灰の複素
比誘電率の周波数特性
350/500 MHz 帯地中レーダによる火山灰堆積調査
阿蘇中岳山頂 砂千里ヶ浜
信学総大@東京電機大 ’18/3/21 – p. 5
阿蘇中岳山頂周辺の航空写真
2016 年 4 月 15 日(Google Earth)
信学総大@東京電機大 ’18/3/21 – p. 6
阿蘇山中岳火口付近(入山規制中)
上:中岳山頂,下:砂千里ヶ浜(中岳山頂から 300 m の距離)
信学総大@東京電機大 ’18/3/21 – p. 7
UAVによる実験当日の上空画像1
UAV 空撮画像による合成写真@中岳山頂
信学総大@東京電機大 ’18/3/21 – p. 8
UAVによる実験当日の上空画像2
UAV 空撮画像による合成写真@砂千里ヶ浜
信学総大@東京電機大 ’18/3/21 – p. 9
VNA・TDRによる複素比誘電率測定
VNA: Anritsu MS46121・KEYCOM DMP-60
100~1000 MHz の複素比誘電率の周波数特性
TDR: IMKO TRIME-PIKO64
水分量から Topp 式で比誘電率に変換(目安として)
信学総大@東京電機大 ’18/3/21 – p. 10
火山灰の複素比誘電率特性1
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Relative
permittivity
Frequency (MHz)
real
imag
real
imag
阿蘇中岳山頂
信学総大@東京電機大 ’18/3/21 – p. 11
火山灰の複素比誘電率特性2
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Relative
permittivity
Frequency (MHz)
real
imag
real
imag
砂千里ヶ浜
信学総大@東京電機大 ’18/3/21 – p. 12
火山灰の複素比誘電率のまとめ
中岳山頂付近:比誘電率 4.0 程度(TDR で 9.3)
粘土質の土壌で火山灰の堆積はほとんどない?
砂千里ヶ浜:比誘電率 2.0 程度(TDR で 4.8)
火山灰の堆積か(阿蘇火山防災会議協議会発表によれば
火山灰堆積 30 cm 程度)
阿蘇中岳山頂 砂千里ヶ浜
信学総大@東京電機大 ’18/3/21 – p. 13
地中レーダによる火山灰堆積調査
地中レーダ 1:MALÅ Geoscience RAMAC 500 MHz
地中レーダ 2:GSSI SIR-4000 350 MHz
信学総大@東京電機大 ’18/3/21 – p. 14
阿蘇中岳山頂の地中レーダ画像
500 MHz 地中レーダ
信学総大@東京電機大 ’18/3/21 – p. 15
阿蘇中岳山頂の地中レーダ画像
500 MHz 地中レーダ
信学総大@東京電機大 ’18/3/21 – p. 16
阿蘇中岳砂千里ヶ浜の地中レーダ画像
350 MHz 地中レーダ
信学総大@東京電機大 ’18/3/21 – p. 17
阿蘇中岳砂千里ヶ浜の地中レーダ画像
350 MHz 地中レーダ
信学総大@東京電機大 ’18/3/21 – p. 18
砂千里ヶ浜の地中内部
信学総大@東京電機大 ’18/3/21 – p. 19
Pi-SAR-L2によるSAR画像
2017/09/19 L206001 阿蘇 A25 HH
信学総大@東京電機大 ’18/3/21 – p. 20
火山灰の地中レーダ探査のまとめ
阿蘇山中岳火口付近での地中レーダ探査
火口に近い中岳山頂ではレーダ画像からも噴石が多い
砂千里ヶ浜で 40 cm 程度の堆積火山灰からの反射波
深さ 1.0 m 以下でも複数の堆積層らしき反射を確認
実際に砂千里ヶ浜を掘ってみると深さ 30 cm 程度に以前
の地表?
砂千里ヶ浜の火山灰堆積 30~40 cm と一致(阿蘇山火山
防災会議協議会会議発表)
砂千里ヶ浜のような比較的均質な堆積火山灰では地中
レーダによる不明者の捜索も可能か
信学総大@東京電機大 ’18/3/21 – p. 21
まとめと今後の展開
目的:新しい火山灰堆積の地中レーダ探査と
数百 MHz 帯の火山灰の複素比誘電率の周波数特性
結果 1:火山灰の複素比誘電率の周波数特性
火口付近 4 カ所で複素比誘電率を測定
山頂付近で 4.0 程度,砂千里ヶ浜で 2.0 程度
結果 2:火山灰堆積の地中レーダ探査
砂千里ヶ浜で 40 cm 程度の堆積を確認
深さ 1.0 m 以下でも複数の堆積層らしき反射を確認
今後の展開:再度の地中レーダ探査
砂千里ヶ浜の全域の再調査(6 月予定)
深さ 1.0 m 以下の堆積層を確認
信学総大@東京電機大 ’18/3/21 – p. 22

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