সময়ের ছায়াপথ সময়ের সাথে চলে.. সময়ের কথা বলে... মানুষের কথা বলে... Samayer chhayapath goes with time and announces the speaking of time.In this way feels the vibration of people.

1. mgvR Ges mvwn‡Z¨i cvZv
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2013-Õ14

2. DrmM©
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3. mgvR Ges mvwn‡Z¨i cvZv
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4. ¯^”Q fviZ Awfhvb t 5
Avgv‡`i Av‡iK Avš—Rv©wZKxKiY
fvi‡Zi we‡`k bxwZi AwfgyL t 7
GKwU ch©v‡jvPbv-Wt ‡`evwkl b›`x
FYx-mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq 19
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bvPwQ †Kgb-j²xbvivqY †mb 20
gv mvi`v-Wt wkcÖv †mbai 20
aiYxi †Kvj-BDmyd †gvj-v 21
cvZv Sivi kã n‡j-w`jxc Kzgvi ‡Kvbvi 21
M`¨f~wgi-KvbvB jvj wek¦vm 21
†Zvgvi RqhvÎv‡Z -†mŠwgÎ nvj`vi 21
wPc‡Kv Av‡›`vjb t 22
GKwU AbymwÜrmy ex¶v-Kj¨vY Kzgvi miKvi
†K iv‡L GB bvg ? û`û`-ivg‡`e b¯‹i 30
û`û` I fviZxq AvenvIqv-†gŠwgZv gÛj 32
¯^vgx we‡eKvb›`-kvn Rvgvj j¯‹i 36
†Kb-mÄq nvj`vi 38
GgbUv‡Zv n‡ZB cv‡i-Gm.†K. Abš^qx 39
bxj‡jvwn‡Zi bxiv-ivRy wg¯¿x 40
‡Zvgvi AMwZ‡Z-Abš^qx 40
wecbœZv-gvbm †mb¸ß 41
fvmvb-†eYy miKvi 41
cv_©K¨-Ac©Y b¯‹i 42
Rxeb I hš¿Yv-kZvãx nvj`vi 42
w`K&-`xbZviY b¯‹i 43
GK-m Ñ ‡ivwnZ Mv‡qb 43
Puv` I †gvgevwZ-ARvbv 43
†e‡Mv-i cvj-vq b‡j gvgv- 44
bxj gvae cÖvgvwYK
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5. ¯^”Q fviZ Awfhvb t Avgv‡`i Av‡iK Avš—Rv©wZKxKiY
Ô¯^”Q fviZ AwfhvbÕ kãeÜ wKsev e¨vmevK¨ hvB ‡nvK bv †Kb, Gi †h GKwU
evPKZv Av‡Q, Zv mn‡RB Aby‡gq| Aek¨ †mwU Ô‡bwZÕ wK ÔBwZÕ, Zvi AvMvg fvebv
wnmv‡e hw` Avgiv Av›UvK©wUKv Awfhvb wKsev †Kvb mgy`ª Awfhv‡b cv ivwL Zvn‡j m~Î
wn‡m‡e †ivgvÂ, ARvbv-‡Nvi, `y‡ev©a¨Zv Ggb me we‡klY¸‡jv wbtm‡›`‡n Abyfe
Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb Avcbviv| Avi Ô¯^”QÕ wb‡q ïi“ Ki‡j †iv‡Mi DcmM©Uv †ek †evSv
hvq| Kv‡`i nv‡Z n‡q G‡m‡Q Gi `vq Kv‡ivi Dci bv Pvwc‡q, eis `vwqZ¡ wb‡q Svo–
aiv hvq| †`‡ki e¨vUb enbKvix eªvÊ A¨v¤^vmvWvi w`‡q, †mwU ïi“ n‡j KUv nvB‡ci
ga¨ w`‡q Rbg‡b n‡Z cv‡i| Avi GKUz †evwamË¡ auv‡P fve‡j †evSv hv‡e †KRwi Iqvj‡`i †Kb msm‡`i
mwµq ivRbxwZ‡Z cv †gjv‡Z n‡”Q| hvB‡nvK, nq‡Zv †mB Svo– ms‡KZwU enb K‡i G‡b‡Q †gvw`Z fvebv|
nvgviv MÖvg, nvgviv kni, ‡giv gnj-v cwiw”Qbœ Ki‡Z gnvZ¥vi †Mvj Pkgvv w`‡q hLb Avgiv wgkb wbw`©ó K‡i
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Kvk¥xi, Zvwgj †_‡K wÎcyiv, wKfv‡e †Kv_vq wgk‡e ev Qov-Suv‡U jvM‡e fve‡Z cviwQ‡Zv ? MvÜx †Zvgvi Rb¥
w`‡b Avgiv ÔQywUi †KKÕ bv †K‡U hw` Mv‡Q‡`i Rb¥w`‡b gvwUi †KK Dcnvi w`B Ñ Zzwg wK nvwmi †ejyb
dvUv‡e bv ?
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wPivPwiZ nvBKgvÛ, †Pqvicvm©b, mywcÖ‡gviv †Kvb& Qvi Ñ Zv‡`i fvebvq Gme wQj Ôˆbe ˆbe PÕ| A_P Avgiv
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Ae& wK evi †gvw` miKvi, Act bq Action, ïay Plan bq ProgrammingI Ñ evK me©¯^ ey‡bv
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v Kv‡jv UvKv †di‡Z BwW MVb| fviZ e‡l©i Avmgy`ª wngvPj S‡oi Av‡M _g_‡g Ñ ÔZviÕ bvg D‡V‡Q
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v wbR `‡ji mvsm`‡`i wbqgvbyewZ©Zvi mner †kLv‡Z Dot mKvj 9:30 mgq wba©viY, †m‡¶‡Î hviv
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G¸wj ¯^”Q fviZ Awfhv‡bi bgybv gvÎ| Aek¨ kãeÜ A‡bK mgq evM¥xZvi `iRv nvU KÕ‡i Ly‡j †`q|
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2013-Õ14
mgvR Ges mvwn‡Z¨i cvZv
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6. ZvB †`‡ki M.P.-Gi avuPv e`‡j hw` Primary Member-G iƒcvš—wiZ nq wKsev weZwK©Z F.D.I. n‡q
I‡V First Develop India | wKš‘ nu¨v, Action ev Programming-Gi †¶‡Î `~i`wk©Zvi ¯’vb me mgq
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hyw³hy³, Zv Av‡iv GKUz †ewk mg‡q w`‡q we‡k-wlZ n‡j wKsev nVKvwiZv bv Ki‡j Z…Zxq we‡k¦i ¶ziavi
Human-Being KZUv hy‡Mvc‡hvMx, †mB ¯§vU©‡bm Rvbvb †`Iqv wK Am¤¢e n‡e ? Ggb nvRv‡iv welq
UzwKUvwK‡Z mgv‡jvPbv-ch©v‡jvPbvq fviZxq DbœvwmKZvnxb gvbmxKZvq my¯’ weZ‡K© T.R.P. evo–K bv, ¶wZ
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cÖm‡½i cvZv D‡ë ¯^”Q fviZ Awfhv‡bi ZvwjKvq G‡Ki ci GK D‡V AvmyK mš¿vm wb‡q Avš—
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Ges _vbv¸wj‡Z wm.wm. wUwfi GKUv e¨e¯’v _vKyK bv| †Pqv‡ii wbi‡c¶Zv wb‡q cÖkœ Kivi b~¨bZg a„ôZv bv
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ïaygvÎ e¨w³ wnmv‡e Zvi wm.wm. wUwfi cvIbv n‡Z cv‡i| Ggb UzwKUvwK Avi wK!
Avevi mš¿vm wb‡q ea©gvb wKsev LvMovMo †K †P‡b ejyb‡Zv| Avš—Rv©wZK mxgvbvq mevB eyS‡jv
cwðge½ Z_v fvi‡Zi gvwU‡Z mš¿v‡mi AvuZzi Ni M‡o D‡V‡Q cÖwZ‡ekx ivóªcÖavb‡K ÔwigyfÕ Kivi Rb¨,
GgbwK wZwb hw` Avevi nb †Kv‡bv gwnjvi cÖwZwbwa, Zvn‡j‡Zv nvBc, †Kgb gvÎv †c‡Z cv‡i ? ZvB Avi
GKUz `~i`„wó bv eÕ‡j ¶ziavi fvebvi i“×Øvi wgwUs-G miKvix Dci gn‡j fvebv wPš—v Kiv †hZ bv wK ?
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gvbwmKZvi GZ Ggb igigv Avgv‡`i wK Lye cÖ‡qvRb!
bZzb wKQy fvebv me©`v mgv‡jvPbvi KuvUvq we× nq, Zv †K bv Rv‡b| ZvB eû cÖ‡kœi fuv‡R fuv‡R ¯^”Q
fviZ Awfhvb Zvi A¯^”QZvi `vq †S‡o †d‡j wbg©j fviZ Awfhv‡b cv †h †gjv‡e Zv wK Avgv‡`i ARvbv|
ZvB †ek fvjB jv‡M hLb ‡mvwbqv Muvwa Ges ivûj Muvwa ivq‡ewijx ev Av‡gwV‡Z GKwU K‡i MÖvg Project
KÕ‡i ¯^”Q fviZ Awfhv‡b mvwgj n‡”Q| ZLbB Me©‡eva nq fviZxq we‡ivax `‡ji MYZš¿ mvevjK n‡”Q|
wKš‘, evwoi wkï‡`i †÷‡R Zz‡j ci¤úiv ‡evSv‡bvi gvbwmKZvi wKš‘ Lye Kv‡Ri K_v bq| eis †h wkïwU
D‡`v‡g ew¯—i eviv›`vq †L‡j, Zvi wcZv gvZv Zvi fwel¨Z wb‡q DwØMœ n‡q hLb ÔAvcbviÕ ‡÷‡R ‡Zvjv wkïi
DbœwZi D`vniY †`‡e, †mI wKš‘ we”Pz ev”Pv n‡q ev‡ci †KŠwjb¨ I cwi‡lev wb‡q cÖkœ Zz‡j †`‡e ev KL‡bv
Zzj‡Z cv‡i bv wK Ñ AvR‡Ki GB cÖhyw³-hy‡M fvlvi m„wóqvbv‡Z ? G¸‡jvi Drm‡ZI GKUz Awfhvb †nvK|
Aek¨ hw` fvwe, Avgiv hv fve‡Z cvwi †m‡¶‡Î †jvK cv‡ji w`K&cvj‡`i cÖ‡qvRb Avi †bB| myZivs
†KRwiIqvj‡`i Svo– Zz‡j ivLvi mgq G‡m‡Q wKsev Ôgy‡ovÕ n‡q †M‡Q, Zvn‡j ivRbxwZi ay‡jv bv‡K gy‡L Xy‡K
Ggb auvav jvMv‡e †h, cÖwZkÖ“wZi †PvL AÜ n‡q w`j-xi `iev‡i KL‡bv Avm‡e ivóªcwZ kvmb Avi †KD †n‡iv
cvwU©‡K KÕ‡i †`‡e †Kivjvi ivR¨cvj Ñ Avnv wK gnZx Me©|
‡KD‡Zv Zey (hw` †f‡e _vwK GK`v mv¤cÖ`vwqK mI`vMi, Zv n‡qI) fviZ wb‡q AvR fve‡jb,
Zvn‡j cwðge½wK AvMvgx w`‡bI fve‡jknxb _vK‡e ev _vK‡Z cv‡i - nvRv‡iv cÖ‡kœi wf‡o `uvwo‡q _vK‡jv
Dbœqb bvgK weg~Z© cÖwZK…wZwU|
Ñ RqcÖKvk gÛj 6

7. fvi‡Zi we‡`kbxwZi bZyb AwfgyL t GKwU chv©‡jvPbv
Wt †`evwkl b›`x
fvi‡Zi we‡`kbxwZi iƒcKvi †b‡ni“ GKwU Av`k©ev`x `„wóf½x †_‡K we‡`kbxwZ cÖYqb I cÖ‡qvM
K‡iwQ‡jb| Px‡bi mv‡_ mxgvš— hy× msNwUZ nIqvi ci Zvi cyi‡bv a¨vb-aviYv wKQyUv n‡jI av°v †L‡qwQj|
Aek¨ VvÛvhy‡×i c‡i fvi‡Zi we‡`kbxwZi cÖK…wZMZ cwieZ©b N‡U‡Q eÕ‡j A‡b‡K g‡b K‡ib| Kx †mB
cwieZ©b, Zv AbymÜvb Kie GB cªe‡Ü|
fvi‡Zi cigvYybxwZ msµvš— fvebv
cigvYykw³‡K kvwš—c~Y©fv‡e e¨envi Kiv fvi‡Zi cigvYy msµvš— bxwZi Ab¨Zg w`K| Ges cÖ_‡gB
cigvYy kw³i e¨envi bq Ñ G bxwZI MÖnY K‡i‡Q fviZ| gvbeKj¨vY I weÁvb-cÖhyw³i ¯^v‡_© cigvYy kw³‡K
e¨envi Kivi cÖv_wgK D‡Ïk¨ wKQyUv cwiewZ©Z nq cieZx©‡Z| we‡k¦i e„nr cvuP kw³ Ges cigvYy kw³ai ivóª
wnmv‡e ¯^xK…Z bq Ggb A‡bK ivóª hLb cigvYy A¯¿ Drcv`b Ges Gi cix¶v-wbix¶v ïi“ K‡i e¨vcK fv‡e,
ZLb fviZ RvZxq kw³e„w× I wbivcËvi hyw³‡Z cigvYy kw³‡K cÖwZi¶v †¶‡Î e¨envi Ki‡Z D‡`¨vMx nj|
1974 mv‡j †cvLiv‡Y cix¶vg~jKfv‡e cÖ_gevi cigvYy †evgvi we‡ùviY NUvq| mgMÖ we‡k¦ fvi‡Zi GB
Kg©m~wP‡K wb‡q wb›`vi So I‡V| fviZ hyw³ w`‡q AvZ¥i¶vi K_vB e‡j‡Q| ÔwbDwK¬qvi wWUv‡iÝÕ ZË¡ fviZ
†g‡b P‡j cvwK¯—v‡bi mv‡_ Pj‡Z _vKv Aweivg D‡ËRbvgq m¤ú‡K©i Rb¨| fviZ NPT-‡Z ¯^v¶i K‡iwb,
KviY Pzw³wU ‰elg¨g~jK wQj| Avevi 1996 mv‡j DÌvwcZ CTBT-‡Z fviZ ¯^v¶i K‡iwb| hw`I fviZ
wbi¯¿xKiY I AvbweK A¯¿ cÖmvi i` Kivi c¶cvZx, ZeyI GK‡c‡k GB Pzw³i we‡ivaxZv KÕ‡i G‡Z ¯^v¶i
K‡iwb fviZ| wek¦m¤cÖ`vq fviZ‡K µgvMZ Pvc w`‡q‡Q| 146-wU †`k ¯^v¶i Ki‡jI fviZ I cvwK¯—vb
CTBT ‡Z ¯^v¶i Kiv †_‡K weiZ i‡q‡Q|
1998 mv‡j †cvLiv‡Y wØZxqev‡ii Rb¨ fviZ cigvYy †evgvi cix¶vg~jK we‡ùviY NUv‡j mgMÖ we‡k¦
fviZ we‡ivax mgv‡jvPbvi So I‡V| gvwK©b hy³ivóª, weª‡Ub, dªvÝ, Pxb mn Ab¨vb¨ †`k fvi‡Zi Ici Avw_©K
wb‡lavÁv Av‡ivc K‡i| wKš‘ fvi‡Zi wecyj m¤¢ebvgq evRv‡ii K_v †f‡e cieZx©‡Z Aek¨ wb‡lavÁv D‡V
hvq|
2005 mv‡j fviZ-gvwK©b AmvgwiK cigvYy msµvš— mn‡hvMxZvi †¶Î ‰Zix nq| 2008 mv‡j
eûweZwK©Z fviZ-gvwK©b AmvgwiK cigvYy Pzw³ ¯^v¶wiZ nq| Pzw³i d‡j wek¦ivRbxwZ‡Z GB evZv© †cŠu‡Q
w`j, †h gvwK©b hy³ivóª D`xqgvb I m¤¢vebvgq fviZ‡K we‡kl ¸i“Z¡ w`‡”Q| cvwK¯—vb I Ab¨vb¨ gvwK©b
AbyMZ ivóªmg~‡ni mv‡_ Pzw³ bv n‡q fvi‡Zi mv‡_ nIqvq bZzb w`j-x K‚U‰bwZK fv‡e ¸i“Z¡ AR©b Kij|
cvkvcvwk weKí R¡vjvbx wnmv‡e BD‡iwbqvg cigvYykw³‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡bvi Rb¨ DcKiY wn‡m‡e BD‡iwbqvg
†Zv cv‡eB| wKš‘ cÖkœ nj cigvYy †¶‡Îi mvgwiK w`K¸‡jvi M‡elYv‡ZB gvwK©b bRi`vix Kx RvZxq ¯^v‡_©i
cwicš’x| Avevi gvwK©b kZ© Abymv‡i mvgwiK I AmvgwiK cigvYy †¶Î‡K c„_K Ki‡Z n‡e|
7
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8. Avš—Rv©wZK mš¿vmev` cÖm‡½ `„wóf½x
fvi‡Zi Af¨š—ixY wbivcËv I RvZxq msnwZ mš¿vmev`-Gi Øviv fxlYfv‡e Avµvš— n‡q c‡o‡Q|
2007 mv‡j nvq`ªvev‡`, Gici Rqcyi, w`j-x I 2008-Gi b‡f¤^‡i gy¤^vB-G R½x Avµgb wQj LyeB fqven|
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cÖm‡½ Zero Tollerency bxwZ MÖnY K‡i‡Q fviZ| cvwK¯—vb †h fviZmn mgMÖ `w¶Y Gwkqvi mš¿vmev`x
Kvh©µg Pvjv‡”Q Ñ Zv cÖgvbmn fviZ gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi wbKU Zz‡j a‡i‡Q 2009 mv‡j|fvi‡Zi Pv‡c gvwK©b
hy³ivóª Ae‡k‡l cvwK¯—vb‡K mš¿vmev`x ivóª wnmv‡e †NvlYv K‡i‡Q| GwU fvi‡Zi †¶‡Î GKwU K‚U‰bwZK
Rq| mš¿vmev`x‡`i †`‡k wdwi‡q Avbvi Rb¨ e›`x-cÖZ¨c©Y Pzw³ K‡i‡Q| †hgb t cZz©Mv‡ji mv‡_ B.J.P-i
†bZ…Z¡vaxb NDA miKvi e›`x-cÖZ¨c©Y Pzw³ KÕ‡i Aveymv‡jg‡K †`‡k wdwi‡q Avbv n‡qwQj| 2010-G
Avjdv †bZv Aiwe›` ivR‡Lvqv‡K e›`x-cÖZ¨c©Y Pzw³i gva¨‡g evsjv‡`k †_‡K wdwi‡q Avbv n‡qwQj| mš¿vmev`
we‡ivax Kvh©µ‡g fviZ Pxb, ivwkqv Ges cÖwZ‡ekx †`k¸‡jv‡K mvwgj Kivi D‡`¨vM wb‡q‡Q|
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`vuovqwb| Zvi Av‡M kvcyi ew³qvi-Gi mg‡qI †Z‡nivb bqvw`j-x m¤úK© wQj gayi, KviY kvcyi ew³qv‡ii
fviZcÖxwZ we‡klZ iex›`ª-cÖxwZ wQj cÖksmbxq| 2003 ch©š— wØ-cvw¶K m¤úK© fvjB wQj| Dfq ‡`k
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8
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Biv‡Yi wek¦ wewb‡qvMKvix‡`i g‡a¨ `kg| gvwK©b hy³ivóª fviZ-BivY m¤úK©‡K RwUj I weZK©g~jK e‡j
g‡b K‡i| BivK `L‡ji ci gvwK©b mvgªvR¨ev‡`i `„wó c‡owQj Biv‡Yi Ici| ga¨cªv‡P¨i †Zj m¤ú‡`i Ici
AvwacZ¨ we¯—vi Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ cigvYy A¯¿ m¤¢v‡ii A‰ea gRyZ ivLvi A‡hŠw³K KviY †`wL‡q IqvwksUb
†Z‡niv‡bi Ici Pvc m„wó K‡iwQj| fviZeÜz BivY-gvwK©b `„wó‡Z eûw`b a‡iB ÔkqZvb ivóªÕ wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ|
2006 mv‡ji cÖ_g w`K ch©š— fviZwgÎ BivY †hfv‡e kw³ mieivn KiZ, †mB Biv‡Yi wec‡¶ cigvYy kw³i
Ae¨envi I A‰eaZvq d‡Zvqv Rvwi K‡i Av‡gwiKv| bvbvwea cigvYy Kvh©µg BivY A‡bK w`b a‡i Pvwj‡q
G‡m‡Q| Biv‡bi cigvYy Pzwj-¸wj gvwK©b `„wó‡Z AwfÁZvq m‡›`nRbK| (nvBwj mvmwckvm) †`i g‡a¨I GK
b¤^‡i| gvwK©b cÖfv‡e B›Uvib¨vkbvj A¨vUwgK GbvwR© G‡RwÝ (IAEA) Biv‡Yi cigvYy kw³i c‡¶-wec‡¶
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Kv‡Q| 450 wUªwjqb NbdzU M¨vm i‡q‡Q †¶ÎwU‡Z| fvi‡Z R¡vjvbx kw³ e„w×i nvi MZ 15 eQ‡i 6 kZvsk
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10. fq mwZ¨B K‡iwb fviZ| 2008-Gi 28 RyjvB fvi‡Zi we‡`kgš¿x cÖYe gyLvwR© †Znivb- G wb‡Rv©U
Av‡›`vj‡bi mfv‡Z †hvM w`‡Z wM‡q †m‡`‡ki †cÖwm‡W›U Avn‡gw`‡bRv`‡K e‡jb, wb‡R‡`i mve©‡fŠwgKZv
†Zv e‡UB, hw` gvwK©b AvMÖvmx bxwZ‡Z Aci ‡Kv‡bv †`‡ki mve©‡fŠwgKZv ¶zbœ nq, Zvn‡j fviZ Zvi cÖwZev`
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c‡¶ Zv fvj| †Z‡niv‡bi m‡½ bqvw`j-xi m¤úK© ¯^vfvweK, `yÕeQ‡i `yÕevi †Znivb mdi K‡i cÖYe gyLvwR©
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mrmvnm I eÜzZ¡ m¤ú‡K© cÖkœ †_‡KB hv‡e|
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cigvYy cÖhyw³ Avg`vwb K‡i‡Q Zvi m~Î wg‡j‡Q| cvK cigvYy weÁvbx G wKD Lvb A‡_©i wewbg‡q BivY‡K
cvigvYweK †evgvi dg©yjv †Mvc‡b mievn Ki‡Zb| gvwK©b hy³ivóª Avš—R©vwZK gn‡j wPrKvi K‡iwQj Biv‡Yi
A‰ea cigvYy M‡elYv wel‡q| mw¤§wjZ RvwZcy‡Äi wbivcËvi cwil‡`i Kv‡Q wePv‡ii †Rviv‡jv `vweI
Rvwb‡qwQj Av‡gwiKv| wKš‘ ÔcvK&- BivY cigvYy ms‡hvMÕ- Gi welqwU wb‡q hLb Ab¨vb¨ †`k mie nj, ZLb
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10

11. mg‡qvc‡hvMx I Zvrch©gwÛZ GKwU welq n‡q DV‡e|KviY Ñ 1) cwðg-Gi DbœZ †`k¸‡jvi my`xN©Kvj mgq
aÕ‡i ¶gZvi †K‡›`ª _vKvq fvi‡Zi gZ Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki Ici wewfbœ evav-wb‡la cÖvqkB Av‡ivc K‡i
_v‡K| wKš‘ c~e© Gwkqvi †`k¸‡jvi m‡½ K~U‰bwZK m¤úK© ¯’vcb Ki‡j Zv‡Z fviZ `iKlvKwli gva¨‡g,
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K‡i wQj| Ges fviZxq c‡Y¨i GKwU m¤¢ve¨ evRvi m„wói cwiKíbv †_‡K c~‡e ZvKvI bxwZwU D™¢vweZ
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fvebvq G‡mwQj| 3) RvZxq wbivcËv i¶v Kivi Rb¨ fviZ Capital fy³ †`k¸‡jvi mv‡_ GKwU Security
- Community MVb Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Q, 4) ch©Ub wkí‡K cvi¯úwiK Av`vb cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g GKwU mg„× †¶‡Î
cwiYZ Kivi D‡Ïk¨ wQj fvi‡Zi|
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m¤ú„³ Ki‡Z| hvB‡nvK,AUj wenvix evR‡cqxi cÖ‡Póvq 1998 mv‡j c~‡e ZvKvI bxwZi wØZxq ce© ïi“
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- 1) gvqvbgv‡ii mwÂZ cÖvK…wZK M¨vm cvevi Rb¨, 2) cÖPzi m¤¢vebvgq Rjwe`y¨r cvevi Rb¨, 3) gvqvbgv‡ii
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wm½vcyi GLb fvi‡Zi Rb¨ Z…Zxq e„nËg we‡`kx wewb‡qvMKvix †`k| 2005 Gi Rvbyqvix †_‡K †m‡Þ¤^‡i
g‡a¨ wm½vcyi fvi‡Z 1100 †KvwU UvKv wewb‡qvM K‡i‡Q| Rvcvb-Gi `ª“Z EשgyLx A_©bxwZ fviZ‡K eva¨
K‡i‡Q Rvcv‡bi mv‡_ mym¤úK© ¯’vcb Ki‡Z| cvkvcvwk fvi‡Zi Impresive economic growth rate,
`¶ gvbem¤ú‡`i cÖZzjZv, wekvj evRvi cÖf„wZ wel‡qi Rb¨ wewb‡qv‡Mi GK AbyK‚j cwi‡ek m„wó n‡q‡Q
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msL¨vwU `vuovq 328-G| 1991 †_‡K 2004 mg‡qi g‡a¨ Rvcvb n‡q D‡VwQj fvi‡Z wewb‡qv‡Mi wbwi‡L
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12. my‡RvwK,wgrmywewk, U‡qvUv cÖf„wZ Mvoxi fvj evRvi i‡q‡Q fvi‡Z| cvkvcvwk fvi‡Zi Z_¨cÖhyw³i GKwU fvj
evRvi i‡q‡Q Rvcv‡b|
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†h‡nZz Look East Policy-i ‡¶‡Î Kwi‡Wvi, †m‡nZz KjKvZv wegvb e›`‡ii ¸i“Z¡ †e‡o‡Q| B‡›`v‡bwkqvi
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Gwkqvi †`kmg~‡n bZzb wegvb cwi‡lev Pvjy K‡i‡Q| `w¶Y †Kvwiqv 1990-Gi `k‡K A_©‰bwZK mg„wׇZ
GwM‡q _vKvq G ‡`kwUi m‡½ Ges ZvBIqvb-Gi m‡½ evwbwR¨K I cÖhyw³MZ m¤úK© ¯’vcb K‡i‡Q|
fviZ ASEAN-Gi m`m¨ bv nIqv m‡Ë¡I Avgwš¿Z m`m¨ n‡q 2004 mvj †_‡K wbqwgZ GB
msMV‡bi kxl© m‡¤§j‡b †hvM w`‡”Q| fviZ BIMSTEC-Gi m`m¨| 1995 mv‡j GB ms¯’v MwVZ n‡q‡Q|
A_©‰bwZK ¯^v‡_© MwVZ n‡q‡Q GB ms¯’v|
c~‡e ZvKvI bxwZ cÖK…Zc‡¶ we‡`kbxwZi †¶‡Î GKwU weKí fvebv| c~‡e ZvKvI bxwZ cÖK…Zc‡¶
GK ai‡Yi bZzb K‚UbxwZ| KviY- cwðgx †`k¸‡jv‡K fviZ G evZv© w`‡Z †P‡qwQj †h,cwðgx wbf©iZv
Kwg‡q fviZ c~e© Gwkqvi w`‡K ¸i“Z¡ w`‡”Q|
2014 mv‡ji b‡f¤^‡i cÖavbgš¿x b‡i›`ª‡gv`x gvqvbgvi, A‡÷ªwjqv I wdwR mdi K‡ib| eûcvw¶K I
eûgvwÎK m¤úK© ¯’vc‡bi ga¨ w`‡q †gv`x GB evZv© cÖ`vb Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb †h, fvi‡Zi Kv‡Q c~‡ei ¸i“Z¡
AwaK| ¶gZvq Avmvi c‡i Rvcvb md‡i hvb †gv`x | wØ-cvw¶K m¤úK©‡K gReyZ K‡ib wZwb|
VvÛvhy‡×i cieZx©Kvjxb gvwK©b I †mvwf‡qZcš’x bxwZ
VvÛvhy‡×i Aemv‡bi ci c~e©Zb †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi DËimyix ivóª ivwkqvi KvQ †_‡K cÖhyw³MZ,
Avw_©K,mvgwiK mvnvh¨ cÖvwßi †¶‡Î AwbðqZv †`Lv w`‡qwQj, ZvB bZzb wek¦ e¨e¯’vq GK‡gi“‡Kw›`ªK we‡k¦i
wbqš¿K gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi mv‡_ NwbôZv ¯’vcb K‡i‡Q fviZ|
VvÛvhy‡×i mg‡q fviZ-gvwK©b m¤ú‡K©i †¶‡Î †h wkw_jZv I fyj ‡evSveywvS wQj,VvÛvhy‡×i Aemv‡bi
ci Zvi cwieZ©b N‡U‡Q| Gi wcQ‡b KZ¸‡jv welq KvR K‡iwQj| †hgb - wek¦vqb I D`vibxwZKi‡Yi
cÖfve, bqv evRvi A_©bxwZ, Z_¨-cÖhyw³i AMÖMwZ, cÖwZi¶v †¶‡Î mnvqZv, mš¿vm `g‡b mn‡hvMxZv, AmvgwiK
cigvYy Pzw³i ev¯—evqb cÖf„wZ| †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi cZb gvwK©b hy³ivóª‡K G evZv© †cŠu‡Q w`‡qwQj
†h,ÔÔ†mvwf‡qZ-wgÎ fviZÕÕ GLb †_‡K mgvRZš¿ †Nulv I cyuwRev` we‡ivax bxwZ †_‡K †ewi‡q Avm‡e| 1991
mv‡j bimxgv ivI-Gi cÖavbgš¿xZ¡Kv†j A_©gš¿x gb‡gvnb wms-Gi wPš—vfvebvi Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡q D`vixKi‡Yi
c‡_ nvuU‰Z ïi“ Kij,ZLb gvwK©b hy³ivóªI fvi‡Zi e„nr I Db¥y³ evRv‡ii cÖwZ AvK…ó n‡q wewb‡qvM e„w×i
w`‡K bRi w`‡Z _vKj| eZ©gv‡b gvwK©b hy³ivóª nj fvi‡Zi me‡P‡q eo evwbwR¨K Askx`vi| 1991 mv‡j
fvi‡Z gvwK©b wewb‡qv‡Mi cwigvb wQj gvÎ 97 wgwjqb gvwK©b Wjvi| 2005 mv‡j wewb‡qv‡Mi cwigvY `uvovq
8.5 wewjqb Wjvi| wewb‡qvM †¶‡Î gvwK©b hy³ivóª g~jZ Lv`¨ cÖwµqvKiY, R¡vjvbx, †Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM, B‡jK&Uªwb·,
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D‡j-L‡hvM¨ nj Mvwo, ivmvqwbK `ªevw`, Kw¤úDUvi, wegvb cÖhyw³ cÖf„wZ| c¶vš—‡i fviZ ißvbx K‡i nxiv,
Ry‡qjvix `ªe¨, †flR `ªe¨ BZ¨vw`|
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12

13. 2005 mv‡j ¯^v¶wiZ n‡q‡Q ÔÔOpen skies civilAviationAgreement’’| eZ©gv‡b g¨vK‡Wvbvì,
K.F.C-i gZ gvwK©b Fast Food ‡Kv¤úvbx fvi‡Zi evRv‡i RbwcÖqZv AR©b K‡i‡Q| gvwK©b wejvmRvZ `ªe¨,
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fviZ gvwK©b m¤ú‡K©i d‡j| fviZ mivmwi gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi wKQy evwYR¨ †Mvôx‡K mivmwi wewb‡qvM-Gi cÖ¯—
ve †`q| fvi‡Zi `„wófw½i GB cwieZ©b NUvi KviY n‡”Q,fviZ miKv‡ii g‡b n‡q‡Q mivmwi we‡`kx
wewb‡qvM Qvov wek¦vq‡bi hy‡M Avw_©K DbœwZ m¤¢e bq|
Z_¨-cÖhyw³i Dbœq‡bi d‡j IBM,gvB‡µvmd&U cÖf„wZ ms¯’v fvi‡Z cÖPzi wewb‡qvM K‡i‡Q| E-
governance-Gi aviYv RbwcÖq nIqvq miKvix †¶‡Î Z_¨-cÖhyw³i Pvwn`v e„w× ‡c‡q‡Q| IBM I TATA
wgwjZ n‡q TATA-IBM bvgK Z_¨-cÖhyw³i we‡klÁ‡`i fvj Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q gvwK©b hy³iv‡óª|
Gevi Avwm cigvYybxwZ m¤ú‡K© fviZ-gvwK©b weZK© cÖm‡½| VvÛvhy‡×i mg‡q DÌvwcZ I weZwK©Z
cigvYy Pzw³‡Z ¯^v¶i K‡iwb Pzw³wU ˆelg¨g~jK eÕ‡j| cieZx©‡Z GB Pzw³i m¤cÖmvwiZ iƒc n‡qwQj CTBT|
1996 mv‡j gvwK©bhy³ivóª fviZ‡K GB Pzw³‡Z ¯^v¶i Kivi K_v ej‡jI AZ¨š— ˆelg¨g~jK eÕ‡j fviZ GB
Pzw³‡Z ¯^v¶i K‡iwb| fviZ GB evZv© †cŠu‡Q w`‡Z †P‡qwQj †h,cigvYy A¯¿gy³ wek¦ e¨e¯’v M‡o Zzj‡Z
Drmvnx n‡jI e„nr ivóªeM© KZ…©K ˆZix ˆelg¨g~jK Pzw³wU Zvi c‡¶ MÖnY Kiv m¤¢e bq| 1998 mv‡ji 11-B
†g wØZxqevi cigvYy ‡evgv we‡ùviY NUv‡bv n‡jv †cvLiv‡b| mgMªwek¦ †_‡K wb›`vi So I‡V| gvwK©b ivóªcwZ
wej wK¬›Ub fvi‡Zi GB c`‡¶c‡K wb›`v K‡ib K‡Vvi fvlvq| ïay ZvB bq, fvi‡Zi Ici Avw_©K wb‡lavÁvI
Av‡ivc K‡i gvwK©b hy³ivóª| fviZI Abgbxq bxwZ MÖnY K‡iwQj| KviY- fviZ ZZw`‡b ey‡S wM‡qwQj Zvi
D`xqgvb A_©bxwZ I m¤¢vebvgq wekvj evRv‡ii AvK©l‡Y gvwK©b hy±ivóª Avevi wd‡i Avm‡e| wKQy w`b c‡i
gvwK©b hy³ivóªB fvi‡Zi mv‡_ m¤úK© ¯^vfvweK Kivi D‡`¨vM wb‡qwQj|
K‡qKwU D‡Ï‡k¨ fviZ VvÛvhy‡×i cieZx©Kv‡j gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi mv‡_ mn‡hvMxZv e„w× K‡iwQj I
m¤úK© ¯’vc‡b AvMÖnx n‡qwQj| †hgb-
1) gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi wbKU †_‡K cÖhyw³MZ mvnvh¨ cvevi Rb¨ ;
2) wek¦ e¨v¼ I IMF †_‡K Kg my‡` `ª“Z FY cvevi Rb¨ ;
3) mš¿vmev` cÖ‡kœ cvwK¯—vb‡K †KvbVvmv K‡i gvwK©b hy±iv‡óªi KvQ †_‡K K‚U‰bwZK mg_©b cvevi
Rb¨ ;
4) cÖwZi¶v wel‡q mvnvh¨ cvevi Rb¨ ;
5) cigvYykw³i R¡vjvbx wnmv‡e BD‡iwbqvg cvevi Rb¨ ;
6) wbivcËv cwil‡` ¯’vqx m`m¨c` cvevi Rb¨|
2000 mv‡ji ‡m‡Þ¤^‡i fviZ gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi m‡½ ÔÔVision Statement” ¯^v¶i K‡i| 1995
mv‡j fviZ-gvwK©b mvgwiK mn‡hvMxZvi Pzw³ ¯^v¶wiZ nq| gvwK©b hy³ivóª fviZ‡K F-16 hy×wegvb I
Ab¨vb¨ mvgwiK A¯¿ miÄvg w`‡Z †P‡q‡Q| fvi‡Zi mvgwiK AvwaKvwiK‡`i †Uªwbs-Gi †¶‡Î 2003-2004
A_©e‡l© 8,00000 gvwK©b Wjvi mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q| `yÕ‡`k †hŠ_ †bŠ,wegvb I †Mwijv hy‡×i gnov w`‡q‡Q 2001
mv‡ji ci eûevi| 9/11 NUbv ci gvwK©b AvnŸv‡b mvov w`‡q fviZ mš¿vm we‡ivax Kvh©µ‡g Ask MÖnY
K‡i‡Q|
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13

14. 2004 mv‡j fviZ-gvwK©b cigvYy Pzw³ A‡b‡Ki g‡Z fvi‡Zi c‡¶ GKwU eo gv‡ci K‚U‰bwZK
mvdj¨| KviYÑGi d‡j wek¦ ivRbxwb‡Z evZv© ‡cŠuQj †h 1)fviZ wek¦ivRbxwZ‡Z GK m¤¢ve¨ kw³; 2)
cvwK¯—vb A‡c¶v `w¶Y Gkxq ivRbxwZ‡Z fvi‡Zi ¸i“Z¡ A‡bK †ekx; 3) gvwK©b hy³ivóª c‡iv¶fv‡e fvi‡Zi
cigvYy kw³‡K ¯^xK…wZ w`j; 4) gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi wbKU n‡Z 3/4 cigvYy R¡vjvbx cv‡e,hv weKí we`y¨r
Dscv`‡b mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| b‡i›`ª †gv`x 2014 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤^‡i IqvwksUb md‡i wM‡q Ievgvi mv‡_ ÔÔ Vision
Statement’’ cÖ`vb K‡ib| GBfv‡e fviZ-gvwK©b m¤ú‡K©i bZyb Aa¨vq iwPZ nq|
fvi‡Zi Pxb bxwZ
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fviZ AvµgY Ki‡j Px‡bi cÖwZ fxwZ I Awek¦vm Rb¥vq| cieZx©‡Z wØ-cvw¶K m¤ú‡K©i †¶‡Î eid Mjvi
Rb¨ †Ljv I ms¯‹…wZ‡K nvwZqvi Kiv nq| wmwK‡gi fviZf~w³ I Ai“YvP‡j fvi‡Zi kvmb Px‡bi cQ›`
nqwb| gy³Øvi A_©bxwZ MÖnY K‡i wek¦vq‡bi mv‡_ hy‡Mvc‡hvMx c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡i Pxb GLb GK eo
A_©‰bwZK kw³‡Z cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| mvgwiK I cÖhyw³MZ †¶‡Î Px‡bi DÌvb fviZ‡K wPwš—Z K‡i Zz‡j‡Q|
†h‡nZz mvgwiK cÖwZ‡hvMxZv I Ab¨vb¨ ¶gZvi cÖwZ‡hvMxZvq fviZ †c‡i DV‡e bv, †m‡nZz fvi‡Zi Pxb
m¤úwK©Z bxwZ AZ¨š— mZK©fv‡e cvjb Ki‡Z nq|
AvcvZ mxgvš— msµvš— mgm¨vi Rb¨ border dialogue-Gi c_B †e‡Q wb‡q‡Q fviZ| 2003
mv‡j border dialogue ïi“ n‡q‡Q `yÕ†`‡ki g‡a¨| GgbwK,2009 mv‡ji g‡a¨ 13 evi border dia-
logue n‡q‡Q `yÕ‡`‡ki g‡a¨| bv_yjv cvm eû w`b c‡i Ly‡j w`‡q wØ-cvw¶K evwbR¨ e„w× Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Q
fviZ| Aciw`‡K Ai“YvPj cÖ‡`‡ki Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ fviZ Asian Development Bank-Gi KvQ †_‡K
F‡Yi Aby‡gv`b †P‡qwQj| wKš‘ Px‡bi we‡ivaxZvi d‡j m¤¢ebvgq FY grant K‡iwb ADB| Pxb e‡jwQj
Ai“bvPj cÖ‡`‡ki eo Ask Px‡bi|ZvB fviZ Kxfv‡e Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ FY `vex K‡i ? 2009 mv‡j fvi‡Zi
ivóªcwZi Ai“YvPj cÖ‡`k cwi`k©‡bi welqwU‡K Pxb wb›`v K‡i‡Q|
fviZ AeMZ Av‡Q †h,Pxb cvwK¯—vb‡K A¯¿,hy×-wegvb cÖf„wZ mvgwiK mvnvh¨ w`‡”Q| †bcvj‡K
fviZ we‡ivaxZvq D‡¯‹ †`qvi bxwZ wb‡q‡Q e‡jI Px‡bi wei“‡× Awf‡hvM i‡q‡Q| DËi-c~e© fvi‡Zi R½x
msMVb¸‡jv‡K gvqvbgv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Pxb g`Z w`‡”Q, G Awf‡hvMI Px‡bi wei“‡× D‡V‡Q| (Rajendra
Menan, are India-Chaina really Bhai Bhai, IndianAge, Oct., 2009, P.21)| `jvB jvgv‡K
fviZ Avkªq †`Iqv‡Z Pxb fvi‡Zi Ici `xN©w`b aÕ‡i Pvc m„wó Ki‡Q - GB wZeŸZx ag©¸i“‡K Zv‡`i nv‡Z
Zz‡j †`Iqvi Rb¨| wKš‘ fviZ Px‡bi `vex‡K †Zvqv°v K‡iwb| gvqvbgv‡ii `w¶‡Y Aew¯’Z e‡½vcmvM‡i Pxbv
†bŠÕevwnbxi Dcw¯’wZ i‡q‡Q eÕ‡j Abygvb Kiv n‡”Q| fviZ gnvmvM‡i Pxb hv‡Z fviZ we‡ivax Kvh©Kjvc
Ki‡Z cv‡i,†m Rb¨ gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi mv‡_ †hŠ_ †bŠ-gnovi Ici ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q‡Q fviZ| 2007 mv‡j wbwgrR
bvgK gvwK©b †bŠ-RvnvR fvi‡Zi Rj mxgvbv G‡j Aek¨ weZK©I †`Lv w`‡qwQj| fviZ Aek¨ †bŠ-kw³‡K
AvaywbKxKiY I kw³kvjx KÕ‡i ¯^wµq KÕ‡i †Zvjvi w`‡K bRi w`‡q‡Q| KviY - Px‡bi MwZ cÖK…wZi AwfgyL
I c`‡¶c fviZ‡K D‡Ø‡M †i‡L‡Q| KviY- Pxb KL‡bvB Pvq bv fviZ `w¶Y Gwkqv‡Z evavnxbfv‡e
kw³kvjx ivóª n‡q DVyK I wek¦ ivRbxwZ‡Z ¸i“Z¡c~Y© actor n‡q DVyK| fviZ gnvmvMixq ZU‡iLvq Aew¯’Z
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14

15. Øxc ivóªmg~n Ges Pxb f‡q fxZ ‡h,cÖkvš— gnv&mvMixq A‡ji ivóª mg~‡ni mv‡_ †hŠ_ cÖ‡Póvq Pxb we‡ivax GK
‡hŠ_ mn‡hvMxZvg~jK c-¨vUdg© MV‡bi K_v fviZ fve‡Q|
cÖwZ‡ekx ‡`kmg~‡ni cÖwZbxwZ
cÖwZ‡ekx-†`k ¸‡jvi cÖwZ mym¤úK© eRvq ivLvi bxwZ cwÛZ Rnijvj †b‡ni“i mgq †_‡KB fviZ
MÖnY K‡i‡Q| cieZx© cÖavbgš¿x‡`i g‡a¨I G aviv Ae¨vnZ wQj Ges Av‡Q| †hgb t I.K.Gujral cÖwZ‡ekx
†`k¸‡jvi mv‡_ kvwš—c~Y© Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g mg¯— mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| Zvi gZev` ¸Rivj
WK&wUªb bv‡g cwiwPZ| cieZx©‡Z AUj wenvix evR‡cqx Extended neighbouring hood bxwZ MÖnY
K‡ib| gb‡gvnb wms cÖavbgš¿x wn‡m‡e ax‡i P‡jv bxwZ MÖnY KÕ‡i cÖwZ‡ekx †`k¸‡jvi Avf¨š—ixY wel‡q n¯—
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cÖ_‡g Avwm cvwK¯—vb cÖm‡½| ¯^vaxbZvi ci †_‡KB fviZ-cvK m¤úK© wQj ˆewiZvc~Y©| D`v¯‘
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wØ-cvw¶K m¤úK© Zjvwb‡Z †V‡K| Gici mxgvš— hy× I B”QvK…Z bvkKZvg~jK Kvh©Kjvc MÖnY KÕ‡i fvi‡Zi
wbivcËv wewNœZ Kivi †Póv Ki‡Q cvwK¯—vb| 1999 mv‡j AUj wenvix evR‡cqx m¤úªmvwiZ cÖwZ‡ekxKZvi
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Kvk¥xi mgm¨v mgvav‡b Z…Zxq c‡¶i n¯—‡¶c we‡klZ gvwK©b ga¨¯’Zv `vex Ki‡jI fviZ Zv‡Z ivRx nqwb|
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Gi bxwZ|
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cvwK¯—vb‡K mš¿vmev`x ivóª wnmv‡e †NvlYv K‡i| cvwK¯—vb hv‡Z `w¶Y Gwkqvi Ab¨vb¨ ivóª‡K fviZwe‡ivax
cÖ‡ivPbvq D¯‹vwb w`‡Z bv cv‡i, †m Rb¨ fvi‡Zi we‡`kgš¿K I ¸ßPi ms¯’v mwµq n‡q‡Q| LOC hv‡Z
†g‡b P‡j cvwK¯—vb,Zvi Rb¨ Avš—RvwZ©Kfv‡e Pvc m„wó Ki‡Q fviZ|
evsjv‡`k fvi‡Zi GK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© cÖwZ‡ekx| 1971 mv‡j fvi‡Zi mnvqZvq m„ó GB mve©‡fŠg †`kwU
cÖwZwbqZ ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’iZvq Avµvš— n‡q‡Q| †ekxifvM evsjv‡`kx miKvi fviZwe‡ivax bxwZ MÖnY K‡i‡Q|
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1996 mv‡j †kL nvwmbvi mv‡_ fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x H.D.Dewegauda-i HwZnvwmK M½vi Rje›Ub Pzw³
nq| Gici wZ¯—vi Rj wb‡q Av‡jvPbv nq `yÕ‡`‡ki g‡a¨| wUcvBgyL euva wbgv©Y‡K †K›`ª K‡i wØ-cvw¶K
m¤ú‡K© mv¤cÖwZK Kv‡j D‡ËRbv n‡”Q| fviZ evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii Pv‡c c‡o cÖKíwU ¯’wMZ †i‡L‡Q| 2010
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15

16. Gi AvMó gv‡m cÖYe gyLvwR© †K›`ªxq A_©gš¿x wnmv‡e evsjv‡`k md‡i wM‡q 100 †KvwU gvwK©b Wjvi FY `v‡bi
welqwU‡K P~ovš— K‡ib| fvi‡Zi D‡`¨vM XvKv-KjKvZv evm I †ij †hvMv‡hvM Pvjy n‡q‡Q eû w`b|
ivóªcwZ Gikv`, cÖavbgš¿x Lv‡j`v wRqvi kvmbKv‡j evsjv‡`k fvi‡Zi ïay we‡ivaxZvB K‡iwb,
fviZ we‡ivax R½x msMVb¸‡jv‡K g`Z w`‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki m‡½ AbycÖ‡ek,Kv‡jvevRvix,mxgvš—,ISI-‡K
g`Z`vb cÖf„wZ wel‡q fvi‡Zi gZwe‡iva i‡q‡Q| cÖkœ nj ZeyI fviZ †Kb evsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZ mnbkxjZvi
bxwZ MÖnY K‡i‡Q| Gi wcQ‡b KZ¸‡jv RvZxq ¯^v_© i¶vi ZvwM` i‡q‡Q| †hgb t 1) evsjv‡`‡k i‡q‡Q
cÖvK…wZK M¨v‡mi wecyj m¤¢vi; fviZ `xN©w`b a‡i evsjv‡`‡ki wbKU cÖ¯—ve †i‡L‡Q cÖvK…wZK M¨vm Avg`vbxi
Rb¨| wKš‘ welqwU GL‡bv ev¯—evwqZ nqwb| 2) gvqvbgvi †_‡K cvBcjvB‡b M¨vm Avbvi †h cwiKíbv fviZ
MÖnY K‡i‡Q, Zv‡Z evsjv`‡ki AbygwZ `iKvi, KviY cÖ¯—vweZ cÖKíwU evsjv‡`‡ki ga¨ w`‡q Avm‡e| 3)
DËi-c~e© fvi‡Zi Seven Sisters State ¸‡jvi mv‡_ mivmwi †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vcb Kivi Rb¨ evsjv‡`‡ki g‡a¨
w`‡q Wej UªvbwmU wfmvi gva¨‡g hvZvqv‡Zi cÖ¯—ve w`‡q‡Q fviZ, welqwU we‡ePbvaxb| 4) fviZwe‡ivax R½x
msMVb¸‡jv‡K aŸsm Kivi Rb¨ Ges fvi‡Zi wewfbœ R½x †bZv, hviv †m †`‡k Av&kªq wb‡q‡Q,Zv‡`i‡K e›`x
cÖZ¨c©Y Pzw³i gva¨‡g fvi‡Z wdwi‡q Avbv| Aiwe›` ivR‡Lvqv(ALFA‡bZv)†K evsjv‡`k 2010-Gi cÖ_gw`‡K
fvi‡Zi Kv‡Q Zz‡j w`‡q‡Q| 5) c~e© Gwkqvi †`k¸‡jvi mv‡_ `ª“Z †bŠ-c‡_ evwbwR¨K Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨
evsjv‡`‡ki PÆMÖvg e›`i‡K e¨envi Kiv|
†bcvj -Gi f~-ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’vb fvi‡Zi c‡¶ ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| †bcvj nj Pxb I fvi‡Zi g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z
evdvi ivóª| 1950 mv‡j Rnijvj †b‡ni“ I †bcv‡ji ivRv wÎf~e‡bi mv‡_ kvwš— I eÜzZ¡ Pzw³ nq| †bcv‡ji
wewfbœ Dbœqbg~jK Kg©Kv‡Û fviZ mn‡hvMxZv K‡i‡Q| Z‡e †bcv‡ji Af¨š—ixY msK‡U fviZ bxie †_‡K‡Q|
1950 mv‡j ¯^v¶wiZ Pzw³i fwel¨r wb‡q cÖkœ D‡V‡Q|
Zvwjevb DËi AvdMvwb¯—v‡bi mv‡_ fvi‡Zi `xN© w`b ci K‚U‰bwZK m¤úK© ¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| eZ©gvb
ivóªcwZ nvwg` KviRvB miKv‡ii MYZš¿xKiY I Dbœqbg~jK Kg©m~wP‡K fviZ mg_©b Ki‡Q| fviZ AvdMvwb¯—
v‡bi cyY©MV‡b wewfbœfv‡e mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q| fyUv‡bi mv‡_ eÜzZ¡g~jK bxwZB eRvq †i‡L‡Q|
Gevi Avwm kªxj¼v cÖm‡½| kªxj¼vi RbRvwZMZ Aš—Ø©‡›Ø fviZ Rwo‡q c‡owQj| 1987 mv‡j
cÖavbgš¿x ivRxe MvÜx LTTE `g‡b kvwš—i¶x evwnbx †cÖiY KÕ‡i fyj K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j A‡b‡Ki AwfgZ| KviY
welqwU fviZxq Zvwgj I kªxj¼vi Zvwgj‡`i g‡b AvZ‡¼i m„wó K‡iwQj| †Rgm& †iv‡mby¨i wj‡¼R Z‡Ë¡i
cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q fviZ-kªxj¼v m¤ú‡K©i †¶‡Î| KviY kªxj¼vi RbRvwZ MZ mgm¨vi cÖfve `w¶Y fvi‡Zi
Ici coZ| Zv cÖfve ‡djZ fvi‡Zi Af¨š—ixY ivRbxwZ‡Z| LTTE-i Øviv fvi‡Zi wbivcËv wewNœZ nevi
Avk¼v wQj| ZvB fviZ kªxj¼v mgm¨vq Avi Drmvn bv †`Lv‡bvi bxwZ MÖnY K‡i‡Q|
gvjØxc fviZ gnvmvM‡i Aew¯’Z 1192 ¶z`ª ¶z`ª Øxc-Gi mgš^‡q MwVZ GKwU cÖvwš—K ivóª&| hvi
wbR¯^ cÖwZi¶v e¨e¯’v †bB| GB Øxc iv‡óªi Dbœqbg~jK Kg©Kv‡Û fviZ cÖwZwbqZ mvnvh¨ Ki‡Q| gvjØx‡ci
mv‡_ fvi‡Zi eÜzZ¡ LyeB wbweo| gvjØx‡ci fviZ cÖxwZI mywew`Z| 2006 mv‡j fvi‡Zi cÖwZi¶vgš¿x cÖYe
gyLvRx© GKwU hy×RvnvR gvjØxc‡K Dcnvi †`b| Extra Regional Power Ges cvwK¯—vb hv‡Z gvjØxc‡K
AvµgY Ki‡Z ev cÖfvweZ bv Ki‡Z cv‡i,†m Rb¨ fviZ LyeB m‡Pó _vK‡Q|
‡K bv Rv‡b
16

17. Dcmsnvi
fvi‡Zi wek¦bxwZ GKwU e¨vcKZi welq| wek¦ ivRbxwZi cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ GwUI cwiewZ©Z
n‡”Q| ev¯—eev`x bxwZ MÖnY K‡i RvZxq ¯^v‡_© AR©‡bi w`‡K fviZ Szu‡K‡Q| cvkvcvwk Avš—R©vwZK ¯—‡i
fvi‡Zi bxwZ¸‡jv Kxfv‡e M„wnZ n‡”Q, †m w`‡KI bRi ivLv Ri“ix| †hgb t wek¦ Dòvqb wb‡q wiI m‡¤§vjb
I me©‡kl †Kv‡cb †n‡Mb m‡¤§j‡b fviZ Z…Zxq wek¦fy³ †`‡ki n‡q c„ó‡cvlKZv K‡i‡Q| e‡j‡Q we‡k¦i abx
†`k¸‡jv †hfv‡e wek¦ Dòvqb I cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi Rb¨ Mwie †`k¸‡jv‡K `vqx K‡i‡Q Zv wVK bq| DbœZ
†`k¸‡jvI `~l‡Yi `vq †_‡K gy³ bq| GQvov gvbevwaKvi i¶vi cÖ‡kœ, wek¦kvwš— i¶vi cÖ‡kœœ KL‡bv U.N.O-
i g‡a¨ KL‡bv G-77 G wb‡Ri Ae`vb ¯úó K‡i‡Q fviZ| hw`I wb‡Rv©U Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖvmw½KZv‡K wb‡q
cÖkœ D‡V‡Q,ZeyI fviZ GwU‡K GKwU cÖwZev‡`i g wnmv‡e e¨env‡ii c¶cvZx|
hvB‡nvK,D`xqgvb A_©bxwZi †`k wnmv‡e fviZ hw` mywPwš—Z fv‡e bxwZ MÖnY K‡i,Zv n‡j A`~i
fwel¨‡Z GKwU kw³kvjx †`k wnmv‡e fviZ Avš—R©vwZK ¯^xK…wZ cv‡e eÕ‡j Avgvi g‡b nq|
‡K bv Rv‡b
17

18. Aby‡hv‡Mi `vex
b›`‡bi wjU&j g¨vMvwRb †gjv †_‡K mg‡qi Qvqvc‡_i Av‡iKwU msL¨v msMÖn K‡iwQ| †mLv‡b
‡K bv Rv‡bÕ KjvgwU †cjvg bv| Avevi KYv-Kvwnbx‡Z Kwei bvgI GKB _vK‡Q| bZzb bZzb Kwei mÜvb
†c‡j Av‡ivI fv‡jv jvM‡e|
Aby‡hv‡M
wegj wg¯¿x
djZv, `w¶Y 24 ciMYv
wegjevey, Avcbvi wbtLyZ cwÎKv cvV‡K Zvwid bv KÕ‡i cvi‡Qbv| Avi Avcbvi
fvebv‡K Avgv‡`i cwÎKv h_vh_ djcÖm~ Ki‡Z Pvq|
Z…wßi Rb¨
m¤§vbxq m¤úv`K, gwnjv Kwe Z…wßeª‡þi †Kv‡bv KweZv cici `yÕwU msL¨v‡Z †`Ljvg bv| Avk Kwi
Gevi †mB AZ…wß _vK‡e bv|
‡gŠmygx evwiK
Av›`yj, nvIov
Avgv‡`i c„w_ex AvR †_‡K Z…wßnxb| mevB Zuvi Rb¨ ïay cÖv_©bv Ki‡Z cvwi| wZwb hv w`‡q‡Qb, †mB
cÖmv` Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q ¯§Z©e¨|
m¤úv`K mgx‡cly
mg‡qi Qvqvc‡_i cÖ_g w`b †_‡KB Avwg Zvi GKwbô GKRb cvVK| wKš‘ weMZ GKwU msL¨v wbw`©ó
RvqMv †_‡K msMÖn Kiv m¤¢e nqwb| GgbwK, †LuvR wb‡jI Zviv h_vh_ m`yËi w`‡Z bv cvivq Avgvi GB
c‡Îi AeZviYv| Avkv Kwi, Avcwb GB cvVK‡K Avi wbivk Ki‡eb bv|
MvMx© †PŠayix
BB e-K, më‡jK
‡KvjKvZv - 91/68
cÖ_gZ ¯^xKvi K‡i †be †h, Gi `vq m¤úv`K wnmv‡e GKvš— AvgviB| Z‡e nu¨v, Avgv‡`i cwÎKv †h
A‡b‡Ki N‡ii wRwbm n‡q D‡V‡Q, Zv fve‡Z fv‡jv jvM‡Q| wKš‘ MvMx©‡`ex GB cÖm‡½ GKUz Rvwb‡q ivwL †h,
Avgv‡`i K‡j‡R cov K‡qKwU †Q‡j-‡g‡qi wPb¥qx iƒc| ZvB Zv‡`i cieZx© covïbvi
(D”P-wk¶vi) ZvwM‡` GKUz †jvK-j¯‹‡ii Afve n‡qwQj gvÎ| Aek¨ †mB mgm¨v Avi fwel¨‡Z _vK‡ebv
e‡jB K_v w`‡q ivLwQ|
18
cv V‡Ki cvZv

19. FYx
mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq
nVvr iv¯—vUv G‡Kev‡i dvuKv n‡q †Mj
mg¯— k~b¨Zvi †P‡qI ‡ewk k~b¨
`Õycv‡ki me evwoi Rvbjv eÜ
mg¯— wb¯—äZvi †P‡q †ewk ¯—ä
ïay GKUv evwZ¯—‡¤¢i wb‡P `uvwo‡q Av‡Q
GKRb gvbyl
A‡bKUv AvgviB gZb, AvwgB †Zv, Lvwj cv
GUv wK GKUv ¯^cœ ?
‡Kv‡bv ¯^‡cœB †Zv gvbyl wb‡R‡K †`L‡Z
cvq bv
Zv n‡j GUv GKUv `„k¨
GKUv evuav‡bv Qwei gZb
ga¨ ivZ,mg¯— wbR©bZvi †P‡qI wbR©b
Gevi Avgv‡K †h‡Z n‡e
Gevi Avgv‡K, nu¨v Avgv‡KB
wKš‘ evsjv fvlvi Kv‡Q hZ FY
wKQyB †Zv †kva Kiv n‡jv bv
hZ FY, Avgvi,hZ FY, Avgvi e¨_©Zv
GiKg FYx n‡qB P‡j †h‡Z n‡e,
†h‡Z n‡e, Lvwj cv, FYx, FYx ........
Rxe‡bi K_KZv
19
Ô‡Zvgvi hZ e„Ë cÖfy †Zvgvi hZ evYxÕ
fvlvi mv‡_ Avgv‡`iI KÕ‡i †M‡jb FYx
GKwU ˆ`wbK cwÎKv †_‡K GwU
kª×vi m‡½ msM„wnZ n‡q‡Q|

20. ‡K e‡ov?
Kv‡jv gvwbK
Iw`b GK KvK‡fv‡i,
GKUv jwi QyUwQ‡jv Lye †Rv‡i;
mvg‡b co‡jv bvg msKxË©‡bi `j
GKRb‡K Pvcv w`‡qI Abvqv‡m jwi WªvBfvi
†h‡Z PvB‡jv evwR‡q Kvb dvUv gj-
d‡j †mLv‡bB gi‡jv Rbv K‡qK,
A‡b‡K AvnZI n‡jv H Zgmv”Qbœ gv`Kxq †Nv‡i|
†`Lv †M‡jv Avi GKw`b Avi GK w`ev fv‡M,
GKUv evm GKUv e„ׇK Pvcv w`‡qI fve‡jv bv Avï
wPwKrmv Zvi jv‡M;
wKš‘ Zv‡K †mB ev‡m Zz‡j wb‡q Zviv ¯^”Q‡›` ‡cŠuQ‡jv
Zv‡`i mywbw`©ó †Wivq wM‡q-
Zvici iv‡Zi AÜKv‡i g„Z‡`nUv Qy‡o †d‡j w`‡jv RNb¨
GK cvkweK iv‡M|
Avevi GLv‡b Zz‡j aiwQ Ab¨ GK cÖKU wPÎ,
Z‡e c‡o ï‡b ey‡S-my‡R ej‡Z n‡e †K Kvi mwZ¨Kvi wgÎ;
GKUv KzKz‡ii ev”Pv GK c-vUdg© †_‡K mnmv c‡o†M‡Q wb‡P
Zv †`‡L Ab¨ c-vUdg© †_‡K GKUv e‡ov KzKzi
jvwd‡q bvg‡jv KvUv cÕ‡o GwU cv‡Q-
ïay GB bq,Zv‡K c_ †`wL‡q Av‡M fv‡M ‡nu‡U
Zz‡j w`‡jv †Kv_vI bv †i‡L GZUzKz mvnP‡h¨©i wQ`ª|
cÖ_g wP‡Î ‡h G‡mwQ‡jv n‡Z cv‡i †m GK `yðwiÎ
wKsev g`¨cI e‡U,
wØZxq wP‡Î wKš‘ †`wL GK wk¶v gw›`‡ii m‡e©v”P c`vwaKvix
wbtm‡›`‡n
A‡bK A‡bK we`¨v-eyw× i‡q †M‡Q Zvi mgy‡`ªi g‡Zv
H e„nr N‡U;
KzKziUvi Mí †Zv AwZ ¯^í
ZeyI wK †mB Zzj‡jv bv, G gbyl¨ bvgK Avw`g Rš‘‡`i
cïer me RNb¨ b‡U ??
bvPwQ †Kgb
j²xbvivqY †mb
Ck¦i, Zzwg fxlY Amy¯’, fxlY Amnvq,
†Zvgvi K‡‡Q Avi Kx-B-ev PvIqv hvq ?
Zzwg nvZ KvUv RMbœv_,
ZvB †`Iqvi nvZ †Zvgvi †bB !
evwoi DVv‡bi Zzjmx,
evwoi †eovi evmK cvZv, wbg, wbwk›`v
ZvivB Avgv‡K Av‡ivM¨ iv‡L,
Zv‡`i Kv‡Q nvZ cvZ‡j e‡j bv Zviv, Ô‡QB!Õ
Avgiv hviv i‡_i iwk UvbwQ , Uvbe !
MxZv bv c‡oI Avgiv †Kvb d‡ji Avkv Kwi bv!
ïK‡bv fv‡Zi `yÕGK `vbv †djwQ gy‡L,
†Lv‡ji Zv‡j `yÕnvZ Zz‡j
bvPwQ †Kgb -- †aB!†aB!†aB!†aB!
gv mvi`v
Wt wkcÖv †mbai
GKevi GKRb ¯¿x‡jvK
gv mvi`vi Kv‡Q G‡m
Aby‡iva K‡ib Ñ
gv !
K…cv KÕ‡i Ggb wKQy Ki“b
hv‡Z
Avgvi Wv³vi ¯^vgxi
†ivRMvi ev‡o|
gv ej‡jb Ñ
G ‡h Am¤¢e|
mš—vb‡`i †ivM evo–K
G cªv_©bv
†Kgb KÕ‡i Ki‡ev
gv nÕ‡q ?
GB bv n‡j wK
RM‡Zi gv nIqv hvq ?
Rxe‡bi K_KZv
20

21. aiYxi †Kvj
BDmyd †gvj-v
P›`ªhvb †_‡K †f‡m Av‡m ÔRoev` Õ|
`yiƒn k‡ã D”PvwiZ n‡jv evZvm,
Rxe‡bi wejKzj fyj avivcvZ,
AvKvk‡K Abyev` Ki‡Z †Mjvg KweZvq|
wfbœ welqK kã¸wj‡K Q›` w`‡Z †Mjvg,
Agwb, g‡bi gvbwP‡Î evuavKwci cvZv¸‡jv
GK GK KÕ†i Ly‡j †Mj
ZLb Avwg cwi®‹vi njvg Rxeb DËi‡Y,
gv_vi wfZi R‡g DVwQj bóeyw× Avi fvOvk‡ã
†e`bvq †R‡M DVjvg,Avi Ñ
Avðh© njvg ‡hLv‡b wQjvg †mUv kxZj
Rj cwikÖ“Z Pz‡bi `vc‡U | gb cwi®‹vi nj
mß-is -G mw¾Z, Amxg wKi‡Y †m
Avgv‡K AvnŸvb Kij, †Kv‡j G‡mv |
Agwb, mewKQy fy‡j GaiYx‡Z Avevi
wd‡i Gjvg
Rxe‡bi K_KZv
M`¨f~wgt k~b¨Zvq b`xi bKkv
KvbvB jvj wek¦vm
cowk, †Zvgiv †Kgb Av‡Qv
Nvm-weQvbvq †kvK gy‡Q `ygov‡bv Pvu`
cv‡qi wb‡P M`¨f~wg, b¨vZv‡bv `ycyi
µgk Dwéi †fZi Wy‡e hv‡”Q AvZ¥K_b
AÜMwj‡Z gyL _ye‡o Av‡jvi miÄvg
Kvwnbx-kix‡i ïay Amy¯’ kªveY
mv`v KvM‡Ri k~b¨Zvq b`xi bK&kv Avu‡K †iv`wkï
ay‡jvRgv †iK‡W© ev‡R-
Ôgv, Avgvi mva bv wgwUj, Avkv bv ........Õ
cowkiv me fv‡jv Av‡Qv †Zv
cvZv Sivi kã n‡j
w`jxc Kzgvi †Kvbvi
cvZv Sivi kã n‡j
GB mKv‡j, GB we‡K‡j
A‡bK wKQy †f‡O covi
†Kgb weKU kã ïwb|
wbZ¨ wcÖq GB evZv‡m
Aw·‡R‡bi Afve ¸wb;
cÖwZw`b †Zv `xN©k¦v‡m
Nyg Zvov‡bv Kvbœv wb‡q
ürwc‡Û goK Av‡m|
AÜKvi †h Avm‡Q i“‡L
Av‡jv‡Z hvq có †`Lv,
nvZ †i‡L‡Q g‡bi my‡L
Av‡jvKmyavÑg~j¨‡ev‡a|
gvbyl-Rb me hv‡”Q `~‡i
`j †eu‡a me †Kgb GKv!
Nyi‡Q ïay G AÜKvi
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Kx GK‡ivLv gË †µv‡a !
†Zvgvi RqhvÎv‡Z
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Avgiv Zvivi `j| †c‡qwQ †Zvgvq
cyY¨d‡j Zzwg Avgv‡`i ej-fv¯‹i
ÔI‡Mv cÖYwg Ze ¯^Y©-PiYZjÕ
Avwkl PvB †n Avw`Z¨ AbyMvgx
Zi“`j gvZ…mg AvM‡j †i‡Lv
wPiKvj cvB †hb †Zvgvi QvqvZj|
21

22. cwi‡ek, ivRbxwZ I bvix Ges fviZxq bvixi cwi‡ekev`x f~wgKv t
wPc‡Kv Av‡›`vj‡bi †cÖ¶vc‡U GKwU AbymwÜrmy ex¶v
Kj¨vY Kzgvi miKvi
“Asking ‘Where are the women?’ reveals women in places where, otherwise,
we might not look for them. Feminists take women seriously as knowledge-makers
about the world. This means seeking to learn from their experiences of politics and
global processes”
-Jan Jindy Petteman [‘Gender Issues’ in J. Baylis and S. smith (eds), Globaliza-
tion of world Politics. P 671]
eZ©gvb hyM nj GKvš—fv‡eB cwi‡ek m‡PbZvi hyM| cÖK…wZ I cwi‡ek m¤ú‡K© mRvM-m‡PZb
gvbwmKZvB nj eZ©gvb hy‡Mi GKwU we‡kl D‡j-L‡hvM¨ w`KwPý| cÖK…wZ I cwi‡ek welqK m‡PZbZvi
wfwˇZB M‡o D‡V‡Q AvR‡Ki w`‡bi cwi‡ek fvebv Z_v cwi‡ek ivRbxwZ| cwi‡ek ivRbxwZi g~j K_vB
nj cwi‡e‡ki my¯’Zv I ¯^vfvweKZv eRvq ivLv Ges GB j‡¶¨ cwi‡ekev`x Kg©m~Px MÖnY Kiv I Zv‡K ev¯—
evwqZ Kiv| e¯‘Zc‡¶ Ae¶q I `~l‡Yi nvZ †_‡K cÖK…wZ I cwi‡ek‡K myiw¶Z Kivi ¯^v‡_© mgvR-
ivR‰bwZK Kg©KvÛ m¤úv`b Kiv Ges Av‡›`vjb cwiPvjbv Kivi D‡`¨vM-Av‡qvR‡bi ga¨ w`‡qB cwi‡ek
ivRbxwZ g~Z© n‡q I‡V| Avi gbyl¨ RvwZi GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ask wnmv‡e bvix RvwZI GB cwi‡ek ivRbxwZ‡Z
Z_v cwi‡ekev`x mgvR ivR‰bwZK Av‡›`vj‡b AZ¨š— mwµq f~wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K| e¯‘Z gvZ…gqx bvix
RvwZB Zvi †øn-gvqv-ggZv I msi¶Ykxj gvbwmKZv w`‡qB msmvi mvgjv‡bvi g‡Zv K‡iB cÖK…wZ I
cwi‡ek‡K mh‡Zœ i¶v K‡i _v‡K Ges cwi‡e‡ki cwiP”P©v K‡i _v‡K Ges m‡½ m‡½ cwi‡e‡ki my¯’Zv i¶vi
¯^v‡_© Ges †mB †nZz cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi wei“‡× cÖej cwi‡ekev`x Av‡›`vjbI cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡K|
cwi‡ek ivRbxwZ I bvix t
GK_v ejvi A‡c¶v iv‡L bv †h, mgvR m„wói m~Pbv Kvj †_‡KB bvix cwi‡ek msi¶‡Y mwµq f~wgKv
cvjb KÕ‡i Avm‡Q| bvixB Zvi ggZvgqx †øngqx msi¶Ykxj gvbwmKZv w`‡qB cwi‡ek cwiP”P©vi KvR K‡i
_v‡K| my`~i AZxZ †_‡KB Avgiv †`‡L AvmwQ †h, bvixB Ni-M„n¯’vjxi KvRKg© h_vh_ fv‡e m¤úv`b K‡i
M„n-msjMœ cwi‡ek‡K myiw¶Z K‡i _v‡K| bvixB Ni-`yqvi cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qbœ †i‡L M„n¯’vjxi cwi‡ek‡K my¯’ I
¯^vfvweK iv‡L| bvixB N‡ii D‡Vvb Z_v M„n-cÖv½b SvuU w`‡q _v‡K, †Mvei-Rj w`‡q N‡ii †`Iqvj I D‡Vvb
cwi®‹vi K‡i _v‡K, Ni-M„n¯’vjx‡K †bvsiv-AveR©bv gy³ K‡i _v‡K, M„n-cÖv‡š—i MvQ-MvQvwji †mev-hZœ I
cwiP”P©v K‡i _v‡K, Dchy³ cwiP”P©vi gva¨‡g MvQ-MvQvwj‡K eo K‡i Zz‡j M„‡ni cwi‡ek-cwiw¯’wZ‡K wø»-
kxZj I kvš— K‡i iv‡L Ges Gfv‡eB bvix cwi‡ek myi¶vi cÖv_wgK KvRKg© m¤úv`b K‡i _v‡K| ZvQvov
bvixB evoxi †QvU †QvU †Q‡j-‡g‡qi g‡b cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨-P”P©vi †PZbv M‡o Zz‡j Zv‡`i g‡a¨ cwi‡e‡ki
cwi”QbœZv I my¯’Zvi aviYv‡K m~wPZ K‡i| m‡½ m‡½ bvixB Avevi evoxi eq¯‹ m`m¨‡`i, we‡kl K‡i
22
cÖeÜ

23. cyi“l‡`i g‡b `~lY I Ae¶‡qi nvZ †_‡K cwi‡ek‡K myiw¶Z Ki‡Z Ges AiY¨, Rjvkq, Rjvf~wg BZ¨vw`
cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡`i aŸsm mvab‡K cÖwZnZ Ki‡Z gvbwmKfv‡e Drmvn-DÏxcbv I Aby‡cÖiYv mÂvwiZ K‡i
_v‡K| ïay ZvB bq, bvix wb‡RI cÖK…wZ I cwi‡ek‡K `~l‡Yi nvZ †_‡K myiw¶Z Ki‡Z Ges cwi‡e‡ki my¯’Zv
I ¯^vfvweKZv eRvq ivL‡Z mwµq f~wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K Ges GB j‡¶¨ bvixB bvbv cwi‡ekev`x Av‡›`vjb
cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡K Ges GB Av‡›`vj‡bi ¯^v‡_© bvixB Avevi bvbv mgvR-mvs¯‹…wZK I ivR‰bwZK Kg©KvÛ I
Av‡›`vjb cwiPvjbv I wbqš¿b K‡i _v‡K|GB iKgfv‡e bvixB cwi‡ek ivRbxwZ Z_v cwi‡ek myi¶vi
Kg©bxwZ‡Z mwµqfv‡e AskMÖnY K‡i _v‡K Ges Zvi gva¨‡g Zv‡K mej I my`„p K‡i _v‡K| ZvB‡Zv bvixi
cÖZ¨¶ I mwµq AskMÖn‡Y cwi‡ek ivRbxwZ AvR‡Ki w`‡b mg„× I myZxeª n‡q D‡V‡Q|
cwi‡ek ivRbxwZ I fviZxq bvix t
c„w_exi Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki bvixi g‡Zv fviZe‡l©i bvixI GB mg„× cwi‡ek ivRbxwZ‡Z mwµqfv‡e
AskMÖnY Ki‡Z GwM‡q G‡m‡Q| fviZxq bvixI cÖK…wZ I cwi‡e‡ki my¯’Zv I ¯^vfvweKZv eRvq ivL‡Z
mv¤cÖwZK Kv‡j AZ¨š— AMÖYx f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q Ges GB j‡¶¨ bvbv cwi‡ekev`x Av‡›`vjb cwiPvjbv
K‡i‡Q Ges cwi‡ek msi¶Yg~jK bvbv mgvR-ivR‰bwZK Kg©m~Px MÖnY K‡i‡Q I mswk-ó Kg©-KvÛ m¤úv`b
K‡i‡Q| ¯§iYvZxZ Kvj †_‡KB fviZxq bvix Ni-M„n¯’vwji cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZvi mv‡_ mv‡_ cwi‡e‡ki cwi”QbœZv
I my¯’Zv eRvq †i‡L Avm‡Q| ZvivB cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi wei“‡× bvbv cÖwZev`x c_mfv, Rbmfv, Av‡jvPbv Pµ
BZ¨vw` msMwVZ K‡i‡Q Ges GgbwK bvbv cÖwZev`x Av‡›`vjbI msNwUZ K‡i‡Q Ges ZvivB GB me cwi‡ek
msi¶Yg~jK cÖwZev`x Kg©m~Px I Av‡›`vj‡b mwµqfv‡e AskMÖnY Ki‡Z fviZxq cyi“l‡`iI cÖZ¨¶fv‡e
DrmvwnZ I DØy× K‡i‡Q| ejvB evûj¨, fviZxq bvixi †bZ…‡Z¡ msNwUZ I cwiPvwjZ mv¤úªwZK cwi‡ekev`x
Av‡›`vjb¸wj bvix I cyi“‡li mw¤§wjZ AskMÖn‡Y ewjó I gwngvwš^Z n‡q D‡V‡Q| Gfv‡eB fviZxq bvix
cwi‡ek myi¶vg~jK Kg©bxwZ Z_v cwi‡ek ivRbxwZ‡K `„ß I my`„p K‡i Zz‡j‡Q Ges Zv‡K h_v_©B Kvh©KvwiZv
`vb K‡i‡Q|
cwi‡ek ivRbxwZ‡K my`„pKi‡Y fviZxq bvixi cwi‡ekev`x mwµqZv t
e¯‘Zc‡¶ fviZxq bvixB mv¤cÖwZK Kv‡j cwi‡e‡ki my¯’Zv I ¯^vfvweKZv i¶vi ¯^v‡_© bvbv Av‡›`vjb
cwiPvjbv K‡i‡Q| ZvivB AiY¨ aŸsm, Rjvk‡qi ¶wZmvab, Rjvf~wgi aŸsmmvab, ˆRe ˆewP‡Î¨i aŸsm
mvab, eb¨cÖvYx I RjR cÖvYxi D‡”Q` mvab BZ¨vw`i wei“‡× bvbv cwi‡ekev`x Av‡›`vjb msNwUZ K‡i‡Q|
Avevi ZvivB cwi‡ek-cwiw¯’wZi ¶wZmvab Ki‡Z cv‡i,Ggb we`y¨r †K›`ª wbg©vY cÖKí, b`xi Dci euva wbg©vY
cÖKí, e¨emvqxK ¯^v‡_© e„¶wbab cÖKí, Rjvavi wbg©vY cÖKí BZ¨vw`i wei“‡× ewjô Av‡›`vjb cwiPvjbv
K‡i‡Q| m‡½ m‡½ cÖK…wZi my¯’Zv, cwi‡e‡ki ¯^vfvweKZv I ev¯‘e¨e¯’vi fvimvg¨‡K ¶zbœKvix miKvix ms¯’v I
†emiKvix msMVb mg~‡ni hveZxq Kg©m~Px, cÖKí I Kg©Kv‡Ûi wei“‡× fviZxq bvixB GKw`‡K †hgb bvbv
cÖej DÏxcbvgq cÖwZev`x Av‡›`vjb msNwUZ K‡i‡Q, Ab¨w`‡K †Zgwb †mB me Av‡›`vj‡bi mc‡¶ wecyj
msL¨K gvbylRb‡K msMwVZ, HK¨e× I mymse× K‡i‡Q| d‡j Av‡›`vjb¸wjI Kvw•¶Z `yªwZ I MwZ jvf
K‡i‡Q Ges `„ß †hŠe‡b ewjô n‡q D‡V‡Q| Gw`K †_‡K fviZxq bvixi †bZ…Z¡, cwiPvjbv I AskMÖn‡Y mg„×
I ewjô cwi‡ekev`x Av‡›`vjb¸wji g‡a¨ D‡j-‡hvM¨ nj wPc‡Kv Av‡›`vjb, A¨vwà‡Kv Av‡›`vjb, bg©`v euvPvI
Av‡›`vjb, †Znwi euva cÖKí we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb, wbweo bxie DcZ¨Kv ev mvB‡j›U f¨vwj Av‡›`vjb, †_jvevBmZ
23
cÖeÜ

24. Av‡›`vjb BZ¨vw`| GB me Av‡›`vj‡b †bZ…Z¡`vbKvix fviZxq bvixM‡Yi g‡a¨ K‡qKRb wewkó D‡j-L‡hvM¨v
e¨w³Z¡ n‡jb mijv †eb, gxiv †eb, †MŠix‡`ex, †gav cv‡UKi, wKiY †e`x, Abyivav Z‡jvqvi cÖgyL| g~jZ
ZvivB my¯’ I ¯^”Q›` cwi‡e‡k fviZxq RbM‡Yi my¯’ I ¯^”Q›` Rxeb hvc‡bi my‡hvM M‡o †Zvjv I eRvq ivLvi
¯^v‡_©B D`vi `„wóf½x wb‡q ewjófv‡e bvbv cwi‡ekev`x Av‡›`vjb msNwUZ K‡i‡Qb Ges Zvi gva¨‡gB Zviv
fvi‡Zi cwi‡ekev`x ivRbxwZ‡K mwµq I my`„p K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb|
ÔwPc‡Kv Av‡›`vjbÕ Ges fviZxq bvixi DËz½ cwi‡ekev`x f~wgKv t
fviZe‡l©i cwi‡ek ivRbxwZ‡K mg„× I my`„p KÕ‡i †Zvjvi †¶‡Î fviZxq bvixB mv¤cÖwZK Kv‡j
Amvgvb¨ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q| fviZe‡l©i wewfbœ cwi‡ekev`x Av‡›`vj‡b fviZxq bvixi GB ewjô
cwi‡ek msi¶YKvix f~wgKv my¯úó n‡q D‡V‡Q| fviZxq bvixi GB ewjó cwi‡ek msi¶YKvix f~wgKvi GKwU
`„ß w`KwPý nj cwi‡ek myi¶vg~jK ÔwPc‡Kv Av‡›`vjb|Õ g~jZ GB Av‡›`vj‡bB fviZxq bvixi cwi‡ekev`x
Kg©ZrciZv DËz½ iƒc jvf K‡i| GB Av‡›`vj‡bB fviZxq bvix cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi wei“‡× Ges cwi‡e‡ki
my¯’Zv msi¶‡Yi ¯^v‡_© AZ¨š— mwµq I Kg©Zrci f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q Ges AZ¨š— `¶Zvi mv‡_ ggZvgqx
gv‡qi g‡Zv †ø‡ni AvuPj wewQ‡q AiY¨ cÖvš—‡ii e„¶mg~n‡K KË©b I cZ‡bi nvZ †_‡K i¶v K‡i‡Q Ges
Ai‡Y¨i aŸsm mvab‡K cÖwZ‡iva K‡i AiY¨-cÖK…wZ I cwi‡ek‡K myiw¶Z K‡i‡Q| GB Av‡›`vj‡bi g‡a¨
w`‡qB fviZxq bvixi cwi‡ek msi¶YKvix f~wgKv I mwµq Kg©ZrciZv mgMÖ we‡k¦i cwi‡ekev`x Av‡›`vj‡bi
†¶‡Î GK cÖej DÏxcbvgq Av‡jvob m„wó K‡i‡Q Ges wek¦evmxi Kv‡Q cwi‡ek myi¶v wel‡q we®§qKi
†ivgv mÂvwiZ K‡i‡Q| ZvB‡Zv GB ÔwPc‡Kv Av‡›`vjbBÕ nj fviZxq bvixi cwi‡ekev`x Av‡›`vjbgyLx
Kg©ZrciZvi BwZnv‡m me©vwaK D‡j-L‡hvM¨ gvBj djK (Milestone) ¯^iƒc Ges GB Kvi‡YB Zv nj
Amvgvb¨ HwZnvwmK ¸i“‡Z¡i AwaKvix|
ÔwPc‡Kv Av‡›`vjbÕ I fviZxq bvix t
GK_v ejvi A‡c¶v iv‡L bv †h, cwi‡ek msi¶Y g~jK ÔwPc‡Kv Av‡›`vjbwUÕ fviZxq bvixi Drmvnx
AskMÖnY I mwµq Kg©ZrciZvq mg„× GK HwZnvwmK cwi‡ekev`x MY-Av‡›`vjb| DËi cÖ‡`‡ki Aš—M©Z
wngvj‡qi cv`‡`k GjvKvi k¨vgj †kvfvq my‡kvwfZ we¯—xY© AiY¨-cÖvš—i‡K aŸsm mva‡bi nvZ †_‡K myiw¶Z
Kivi j‡¶¨ 1973 mv‡j m~wPZ n‡qwQj GB GwZnvwmK ÔwPc‡Kv Av‡›`vjbÕ ev ÔThe Chipko MovementÕ|
ÔwPc‡Kv Av‡›`vj‡biÕ ÔwPc‡KvÕ (‘Chipko’) K_vwU nj GKwU wn›`x kã, hvi A_© nj ÔRwo‡q aivÕ ev Ô
Avwj½b KivÕ ev ÔTo hugÕ| e¯‘Z wbweo Avš—wiKZvq Avwj½b Kiv ev Rwo‡q aivB nj ÕwPc‡KvÕ kãwUi
†gŠwjK A_©|
DËi cÖ‡`‡ki ÔwPc‡Kv Av‡›`vj‡biÕ †¶‡ÎI †`Lv †M‡Q †h, MÖv‡gi mvaviY A_P cwi‡ek-m‡PZb
bvixivB wbf©xK ü`‡q I A`g¨ Drmv‡n GK GKwU MvQ‡K gvZ… †ø‡n cig ggZvq wbweo Avwj½‡b Rwo‡q a‡i
Zv‡`i KwË©Z I f~cvwZZ nIqv †_‡K i¶v K‡i Ges Zvi gva¨‡g Zviv wbweo AiY¨-cÖK…wZ‡K aŸs‡mi nvZ
†_‡K myiw¶Z K‡i Ges Ae¶q I `~l‡Yi cÖ‡Kvc †_‡K gy³-my¯’ I ey× cwi‡e‡ki †PZbv M‡o †Zv‡j|
fvi‡Zi MÖvgxb bvix‡`i Øviv GK GKwU MvQ‡K Acvi ggZvq I mywbweo Avš—wiKZvq Rwo‡q a‡i Zv‡`i i¶v
Kiv Ges m‡½ m‡½ cÖK…wZ I cwi‡ek‡K myiw¶Z Kivi GB Av‡jvob m„wóKvix cwi‡ekev`x Av‡›`vjwU ZvB
Rwo‡q aiv ev Avwj½b Kivi Av‡›`vjb Z_v ÔwPc‡Kv Av‡›`vjbÕ ev ÔHugging MovementÕ wnmv‡eB
we‡kl cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i|
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cÖeÜ

25. ejvB evûj¨, fviZxq bvixi GB cwi‡ek msi¶Yg~jK ÔwPc‡Kv Av‡›`vjbÕ cÖej cwi‡ekev`x †ivgvÂ
I Db¥v`bvi mv‡_ we‡`k-we‡k¦ Z_v mgMÖ c„w_exi Kv‡Q GB gnZx evZ©v †cuŠ‡Q w`‡qwQj †h, bvix-kw³I
wci‡ek‡K i¶v Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges cÖK…wZ I cwi‡ek‡K myiw¶Z K‡i my¯’-gy³-ey× mgvR M‡o Zzj‡Z Rv‡b I
Zv M‡o Zzj‡ZI cv‡i| e¯‘Zc‡¶ GB Av‡›`vj‡bi ga¨ w`‡qB fviZxq bvix Zvi cwi‡ek m‡PZbZv‡K
myD‡”P Zz‡j a‡i Ges cwi‡e‡ki my¯’Zv I ¯^vfvweKZv msi¶‡Y Zvi giY c‡bi msMÖvgx gvbwmKZv‡KI
we‡`k-we‡k¦ mÂvwiZ K‡i| bvix RvwZI †h Zvi Avš—wiK D‡`¨v‡Mi ga¨ w`‡q cÖK…wZ I cwi‡ek‡K `~lY gy³
Ges my¯’-¯^vfvweK ivL‡Z cv‡i-GB cig mZ¨wU‡K fviZxq bvixi ÔwPc‡Kv Av‡›`vjbÕ GKvš—fv‡eB my¯úó
K‡i w`‡qwQj|
wPc‡Kv Av‡›`vj‡bi †cÖ¶vcU t
fviZxq bvixi wbweo †bZ…‡Z¡ cwiPvwjZ Ges Zvi ¯^ZtùzZ© AskMÖn‡Y D¾xweZ I mg„× HwZnvwmK ÔwPc‡Kv
Av‡›`vjbwUÕ msNwUZ n‡qwQj DËi cÖ‡`‡k 1973 mv‡j| Av‡›`vjbwUi cUf~wg‡Z i‡q‡Q e¨emvqxK gybvdvi
¯^v‡_© AiY¨ cÖvš—‡i e„¶ wbab-h‡Ái D‡`¨vM-Av‡qvRb| Avi GB e„¶-wbabAiY¨-bvkb h‡Ái hveZxq
Av‡qvRb‡K e¨_© K‡i w`‡q e„¶ cÖvš—i I AiY¨-m¤ú`‡K i¶v Ki‡ZB fviZxq bvix †mv”Q¡v‡m I ¯^Ztù‚Z©
Drmv‡n msMwVZ K‡iwQj GB Av‡jvob m„wóKvix wPc‡Kv Av‡›`vjb Z_v wbweo Avwj½‡b MvQ‡K Rwo‡q a‡i
Zv‡K KË©b Z_v wba‡bi nvZ †_‡K i¶v Kivi ggZvgqx Av‡›`vjb| Avi GB ggZvgqx cwi‡ekev`x Av‡›`vj‡bi
ga¨ w`‡qB fviZxq bvix cÖK…wZ I cwi‡ek‡K `~lY I Ae¶‡qi nvZ †_‡K i¶v Kiv Ges cwi‡e‡ki my¯’Zv I
¯^vfvweKZv eRvq ivLvi gnZx mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡wU cvjb Ki‡Z GwM‡q G‡mwQj Ges Zvi gva¨‡g wb‡Ri
cwi‡ek m‡PZbZv Z_v cwi‡ek msi¶YKvix gvbwmKZv Zz‡j a‡iwQj| ejvB evûj¨, fviZxq bvixi GB
cwi‡ekev`x gvbwmKZv Ges cwi‡ek myi¶vg~jK Kg©ZrciZv wek¦evmxi kª×v, m¤§vb I K…ZÁZv AR©b
K‡iwQj Ges ZvB Zv we‡k¦i cwi‡ekev`x Av‡›`vj‡bi †¶‡Î GK eY©gq BwZnvm m„wó K‡iwQj|
wPc‡Kv Av‡›`vj‡bi DrmgyL t
cwi‡ekev`x ms‡e`bkxjZvq cwic~Y© ÔwPc‡Kv Av‡›`vjbwUiÕ Drmf~wg wQj DËi cÖ‡`‡ki Mv‡ovqvj
GjvKv| GB GjvKvwU nj wngvjq ce©Zgvjvi cv`‡`‡k Aew¯’Z GK AiY¨-mg„× AÂj| cvnvo-†Niv Mv‡ovqvj
GjvKv nj g~jZ wbweo-Nb MvQ-MvQvwj‡Z cwic~Y© Ges †mB †nZz e„¶-m¤ú‡` mg„× GK AiY¨ cÖvš—i ¯^iƒc|
GB AiY¨ m¤ú`B wQj Mv‡ovqv‡ji cvnvox MÖvg¸wji mvaviY gvbylR‡bi cÖavb DcRxweKv| mywbweo AiY¨
m¤ú‡` mg„× GB Mv‡ovqvj AÂjwU wQj ZvB GKvš—fv‡eB ÒQvqvmywbweo kvwš—i bxoÓ ¯^iƒc|
wngvj‡qi cv`‡`‡k Aew¯’Z cvnvox GjvKv Mv‡ovqv‡ji MÖvg¸wj nj bvbv cÖKvi e„¶ivwR‡Z mg„×
we¯—xY© AiY¨ cÖvš—i m`„k| GB AiY¨ cÖvš—‡ii MvQ¸wj nj e¨emvqxK cÖ‡qvR‡b AZ¨š— g~j¨evb| we‡kl K‡i
µxov mvgMÖx cÖ¯‘Z Kivi †¶‡Î GB MvQ¸wji KvV nj AZ¨š— Dc‡hvMx Ges †mB Kvi‡YB Zv nj we‡klfv‡e
g~j¨evb| e¯‘Z wµ‡KU e¨vU, i¨v‡KU, †Uwbm e¨vU BZ¨vw` µxov mvgMÖx cÖ¯‘Z Kivi Rb¨ GB A‡ji MvQ¸wji
KvVB nj GKvš— Dc‡hvMx| Avi †h‡nZz AiY¨‡kvwfZ Mv‡ovqvj GjvKvi MÖvg¸wj‡Z GB me MvQ cÖPzi
cwigv‡b cvIqv hvq, †m‡nZz †hvMvb I Pvwn`vi wbwi‡L GB MvQ¸wj Z_v G‡`i Kv‡Vi `vg GB A‡j
Zzjbvg~Kjfv‡e h‡_óB Kg| GB Kvi‡YB Gjvnvev‡`i GK µxov-mvgMÖx cÖ¯‘ZKvix e¨emvqxK †Kv¤úvbx Z_v
evwbR¨-ms¯’v Mv‡ovqvj GjvKvi MvQ¸wj‡K m¤ú~Y©fv‡e e¨emvqxK ¯^v‡_© µq K‡i †bq Ges †m¸wj‡K
25
cÖeÜ

26. cy‡ivcywifv‡e †K‡U †bIqvi Av‡qvRb K‡i| GB D‡Ï‡k¨ GB e¨emvwqK ms¯’vwU cvnvox Mv‡ovqvj GjvKvi
AviY¨K A‡j †ek wKQy wVKv`vi Ges cÖPzi gRyix-kªwgK‡K cvwV‡q †`q| wVKv`viiv †mLv‡b †cŠu‡QB µq
KÕ‡i †bIqv AiY¨-cÖvš—i I Zvi Aš—M©Z MvQ¸wji `Lj`vwi ev gvwjKvbvi `Lj wb‡Z D‡`¨vMx n‡q I‡V Ges
gRyix kªwgKivI MvQ¸wj‡K †K‡U f~cvwZZ Kivi Rb¨ AZz¨rmvnx n‡q I‡V| A_©vr wVKv`vi‡`i †bZ…‡Z¡ gRyix
kªwgK‡`i KzVvivNv‡Z Mv‡ovqv‡ji AiY¨ cÖvš—‡ii g~j¨evb MvQ¸wji KË©b Ges cZb †hb Gevi Avmbœ n‡q
I‡V|
Gjvnvev‡`i µxovmvgMÖx cÖ¯‘ZKvix evwbwR¨K †Kv¤úwbwUi ¯^v‡_© Zvi wbhy³ wVKv`vi I gRyix kªwgK‡`i
Øviv Mv‡ovqv‡ji AiY¨ cÖvš—‡ii MvQ¸wj‡K †K‡U f~cvwZZ Kivi D‡`¨vM-Av‡qvR‡bi LeiwU `ª“Z MwZ‡Z
Mv‡ovqv‡ji MÖvg¸wj‡Z Qwo‡q c‡o Ges Zv AwP‡iB †jv‡Ki gy‡L gy‡L Qov‡Z Qov‡Z e¨vcK cÖPvi jvf K‡i|
Avi GB LeiwU Kv‡b †cuŠQv‡bv gvÎB MÖvg¸wji †g‡q-‡eŠiv Pig D‡ËRbv I cÖej D‡Ø‡M Ni †Q‡o †ewi‡q
c‡o Ges Zviv Aejxjvq Ni-msmvi †d‡j w`‡q A`g¨ Drmvn I wbf©xK ü`‡q AiY¨ cÖvš—‡i G‡m Dcw¯’Z
nq| †mLv‡b Dcw¯’Z n‡qB Zviv ggZvgqx gv‡qi g‡Zv Acvi AcZ¨-‡ø‡n GK GKwU MvQ‡K `y-nvZ evwo‡q
wbweo Avwj½‡b Rwo‡q a‡i, hv‡Z gRyix kªwgK‡`i KzVv‡ii AvNvZ MvQ¸wji Mv‡q jvM‡Z bv cv‡i Ges
MvQ¸wj hv‡Z KwË©Z I f~cvwZZ n‡Z bv cv‡i Ges GgbwK hv‡Z gRyix kªwgKivI MvQ¸wji Mv‡q KzVvivNvZ
Kiv †_‡K weiZ n‡Z cv‡i|
Avð‡h©i welq nj GB †h, Mv‡ovqvj GjvKvi MÖvg¸wji mvaviY †g‡q-‡eŠiv hLb Gfv‡e fxwZnxb
ü`‡q AvKzj ggZvq Ges wb‡R‡`i Rxe‡bi P~ovš— SzuwK wb‡qB MvQ¸wj‡K `y-nvZ w`‡q wbweofv‡e Rwo‡q
a‡i‡Q, ZLb evwbwR¨K †Kv¤úvwbwUi wbhy³ wVKv`vi I gRyix kªwgKiv ixwZg‡Zv wenŸj I nZPwKZ n‡q c‡o
Ges Zviv mwZ¨ mwZ¨B Gevi MvQ KvUv †_‡K weiZ nq| ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB MvQ¸wj I Gevi KwË©Z I f~cvwZZ
nIqv †_‡K iw¶Z nq| ejvB evûj¨, MÖv‡gi mvaviY †g‡q-‡eŠ‡`i GiKg wbfx©K cwi‡ekev`x Kg©ZrciZv
Ges cwi‡ek msi¶YKvix f~wgKvi d‡j Mv‡ovqvj GjvKvi AiY¨ cÖv߇ii MvQ¸wj wbQK e¨emvqxK ¯^v‡_©
KË©b I cZ‡bi nvZ †_‡K i¶v cvq Ges H GjvKvi cÖK…wZ I cwi‡ek Ae¶‡qi nvZ †_‡K gyw³ cvq| Avi
GB iKg cwi‡ek myi¶vg~jK Kv‡Ri †¶‡Î H GjvKvi mvaviY †g‡q-‡eŠ‡`i fywgKvB †MŠievwš^Zfv‡e `„óvš—
¯^iƒc n‡q I‡V|
ïaygvÎ MvQ¸wj‡K `yÕnvZ w`‡q AvuK‡o Rwo‡q gRyix kªwgK ev KvVy‡i‡`i Øviv Zv‡`i †K‡U f~cvwZZ
Kiv †_‡K i¶v KivB bq, Mv‡ovqvj GjvKvi MÖvg¸wji mvaviY †g‡q-‡eŠivB MvQ¸wj‡K A¶Z ivLv, AiY¨
cÖvš—i‡K i¶v Kiv Ges cÖK…wZ I cwi‡ek‡K myiw¶Z Kivi j‡¶¨ w`b I ivZ a‡i AiY¨-cÖvš—‡i cvnviv
w`‡q‡Q, †MvUv AiY¨ GjvKv Ry‡o cvnvivg~jK cvBPvix K‡i‡Q Ges MvQ¸wji hZœ wb‡q‡Q Avš—wiK ggZvq,
hv‡Z µxovmvgMÖx cÖ¯‘ZKvix e¨em¨vqxK †Kv¤úvwbwUi wbhy³ wVKv`vi I KvVy‡i kªwgKiv †Kvbg‡ZB MvQ¸wji
¶wZ mvab Ki‡Z bv cv‡i| MvQ¸wj‡K i¶v Kivi j‡¶¨ ZvivB w`‡bi ci w`b m`v RvMÖZ cÖnixi g‡Zv
MvQ¸wj‡K AvuK‡o Rwo‡q †_‡K‡Q Ges AiY¨ GjvKv Ry‡o mZK© cvnviv w`‡q‡Q|
MvQ¸wj‡K AvuK‡o Rwo‡q a‡i Zv‡`i i¶v Kivi e¨vcv‡i Mv‡ovqvj GjvKvi mvaviY †g‡q-‡eŠ‡`i
GB ai‡Yi A`g¨ cÖqvm Ges mwµq Kg©ZrciZvq ixwZg‡Zv ¶z× n‡q I‡V µxov mvgMÖx cÖ¯‘ZKvix †Kv¤úvwbi
wVKv`viiv| MvQ¸wj‡K †K‡U wewµ K‡i cÖPzi cwigv‡b A_© DcvR©‡bi c‡_ evav m„wó Kivi e¨vcv‡i MÖv‡gi
26
cÖeÜ

27. mvaviY †g‡q-‡eŠ‡`i GB mwµq Kg©ZrciZv‡K Zviv (wVKv`viiv) wb‡e©vamyjf f~wgKv Z_v wbey©w×Zvi cwiPq
e‡j MY¨ K‡i‡Q| ZvB‡Zv R‰bK ¶zä I wei³ wVKv`vi mxgvnxb †¶vf I weiw³i mv‡_ cÖwZ‡ivaKvix †g‡q-
‡eŠ‡`i Kv‡Q D×Zfv‡e cÖkœ K‡i,Ñ
You foolish village women,
Do you know what these forests bear?
Resin, timber and therefore foreing exchange.
¶zä wVKv`viwUi GB A_©M„a&by cÖ‡kœi Dˇi mg‡eZ cÖwZ‡ivaKvix MÖv‡gi †g‡q-‡eŠiv mgvR m‡PZb I cwi‡ek
m‡PZb gvbwmKZv w`‡q mg¯^‡i e‡j D‡VwQj Ñ
‘Yes, yes we know,
what do the forests bear
Soil, water and pure air,
soil, water and pure air,
ejvB evûj¨, †Kv¤úvwbi wVKv`vi Ges MÖv‡gi †g‡q-‡eŠ‡`i g‡a¨Kvi GB cÖ‡kœvËi Z_v K‡_vcK_‡bi
ga¨ w`‡q GKw`‡K †hgb MvQ †K‡U wecyj cwigv‡b gybvdv DcvR©‡bi e¨vcv‡i wVKv`vi Z_v †Kv¤úvwbi
A_©M„a&by gvbwmKZv dz‡U D‡V‡Q, †Zgwb Ab¨w`‡K my¯úófv‡e dz‡U D‡V‡Q cÖK…wZ I cwi‡ek‡K giY c‡b i¶v
Kiv Ges cwi‡e‡ki my¯’Zv I ¯^vfvweKZv i¶v Kiv Ges Zvi gva¨‡g my¯’, my›`i I wbwðš— Rxeb hvc‡bi
Dc‡hvMx cwi‡ek eRvq ivLvi e¨vcv‡i MÖv‡gi mvaviY †g‡q-‡eŠ‡`i AvKzj AvKzwZ Z_v wbgMœ cÖebZv|
AiY¨-cÖvš—‡ii MvQ¸wj‡K evuwP‡q ivLvi AvKzj ZvwM‡` Ges AviY¨K cÖK…wZi Rxeb`vqx cwi‡ek-
cwiw¯’wZ‡K eRvq ivLvi wbweo j‡¶¨ AviY¨K Mv‡ovqvj GjvKvi AwZ mvaviY †g‡q-‡eŠ‡`i GB A`g¨ cÖqvm,
D‡‡`¨vMx Kg©ZrciZv Ges Av‡›`vjbgyLx †R`x Ae¯’v‡bi d‡j Gjvnvev‡`i e¨emvqx †Kv¤úvbxwUi wbhy³
wVKv`vi I gRyix kªwgK-KvVy‡iiv MvQ KvUv eÜ Ki‡Z eva¨ nq Ges AiY¨-cÖvš—i †Q‡o P‡j †h‡ZI eva¨ n‡Z
nq| Avi GiB djkÖ“wZ‡Z GB AiY¨-cÖvš—‡ii MvQ¸wj KwË©Z I f~cvwZZ nIqvi nvZ †_‡K i¶v cvq Ges
Mv‡ovqv‡ji AviY¨K cwi‡ek P~ovš— Ae¶q I Aemv‡bi nvZ †_‡K myiw¶Z nq| Gfv‡eB Mv‡ovqvj GjvKvi
mvaviY †g‡q-‡eŠ‡`i cwi‡e‡k msi¶YKvix Av‡›`vjbgyLx cÖebZvi Kvi‡YB GB GjvKvi AviY¨K cwi‡e‡ki
Rxeb`vqx gvnvZ¥¨ I gvayh© myiw¶Z nq Ges m‡½ m‡½ Zv‡`i cwi‡ek m‡PZb mwµqZvI ewjô cwi‡ekev`x
Av‡›`vj‡bi `„ß iƒc jvf K‡i| ejvB evûj¨, µxov mvgMÖx we‡µZv-e¨emvqxi mxgvnxb A_©‡jvf I gybvdv
jvjmvi Kivj MÖvm †_‡K MvQ¸wj‡K euvwP‡q ivLv Ges AviY¨K cwi‡e‡ki my¯’Zv‡K eRvq ivLvi j‡¶¨ mvaviY
†g‡q-‡eŠ‡`i GB giY-c‡bi †R`x cwi‡ekev`x AwnsmZg Av‡›`vjb cÖqvm mgMÖ c„w_exi cwi‡ekev`x Av‡›`vj‡bi
BwZnv‡m GK `„ß `„óvš— ¯^iƒc n‡q i‡q‡Q|
27
A_©vr
ÒRvwb, Rvwb, Avgiv Rvwb,
AiY¨ †`q Kx d‡ji Avfvl,
gvwU, Rj I weï× evZvm,
gvwU, Rj I weï× evZvm|Ó
cÖeÜ
A_©vr
ÒI‡n MÖv‡gi g~L© †g‡qiv
GB AiY¨ Kx †`q- Rv‡bv wK †Zvgiv?
iRb (jv¶v),KvV I ZvB we‡`kx gy`ªv|Ó

28. wPc‡Kv Av‡›`vj‡b bvixi f~wgKvi HwZnvwmKZv t
wPc‡Kv Av‡›`vj‡b `y-evûe܇b wbweo Avwj½‡b MvQ¸wj‡K mš—vb ‡ø‡n AvuK‡o Rwo‡q aÕ‡i Zv‡`i
A¶Z ivLv Ges Zvi gva¨‡g gvZ…mgv cÖK…wZ-cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ i¶v Kivi e¨vcv‡i fviZxq bvixi A`g¨
gvbwmKZv I AcÖwZ‡iva¨ Kg©ZrciZvB nj cwi‡ek myi¶vg~jK Av‡›`vj‡bi RM‡Z GK HwZnvwmK NUbv|
GB NUbvi HwZnvwmKZv Avgiv bvbv w`K †_‡K j¶¨ K‡i _vwK| GB w`K¸wj nj,h_v Ñ
« wPc‡Kv Av‡›`vj‡b MvQ I AiY¨ cwi‡ek‡K msi¶Y Kivi e¨vcv‡i fviZxq bvixi Av‡›`vjbgyLx `„ß
f~wgKv Zv‡K (bvix‡K) fviZe‡l©i mgvR-ivR‰bwZK g‡Â ‡Rviv‡jv fv‡e Dc¯’vwcZ K‡i|
« wPc‡Kv Av‡›`vjbB cÖvYeš— I my`„p Av‡›`vjb msNwUZ Kiv I cwiPvjbv Kivi Kv‡R fviZxq bvix‡K
wb‡Ri cv‡q ¯^vaxbfv‡e `vuovevi kw³ I mvg_¨© †hvMvb w`‡q‡Q|
« wPc‡Kv Av‡›`vjbB fviZxq bvixi mvsMVwbK mvg_©¨ I Av‡›`vjbgyLx cÖwZfv cÖkœvZxZfv‡e cÖwZwôZ
n‡q‡Q, hv Zv‡K bZzbZi Av‡›`vjb msMV‡b D¾xweZ I cÖv‡bv`xß K‡i‡Q|
« wPc‡Kv Av‡›`vj‡bB G K_v my¯úófv‡e cÖgvb K‡i w`‡q‡Q †h, cÖK…wZ I cwi‡ek‡K myiw¶Z Kivi
Kv‡R bvix kw³ GKvB h‡_ó Ges GKKfv‡eB ¯^qsm¤ú~Y©|
« gvbyl, cï-cvLx I MvQ-MvQvwji my¯’ Rxe‡bi cÖ‡qvRb‡K D‡c¶v K‡i A_©‰bwZK gybvdvwfwËK
Dbœq‡bi ivRbxwZi D`xqgvb cÖebZvi wei“‡× bvix-kw³B k³ cÖwZ‡iva M‡o Zz‡j‡Q GB HwZnvwmK
wPc‡Kv Av‡›`vj‡b| e¯‘Zc‡¶ Rxeb-evÜe cÖK…wZ cwi‡e‡ki ¶wZi wewbg‡q M‡o IVv A_©‰bwZK
Dbœqb ev weKv‡ki (Economic Development) wec¾bK cÖebZvi wei“‡× Awnsm HK¨e×
MY-msMÖvg cwiPvjbv K‡i bvix-kw³B my¯’ Rxe‡bi cÖ‡qvR‡b cwi‡e‡ki my¯’Zv‡KB me wKQyi E‡×©
¯’vcb K‡i‡Q|
« wPc‡Kv Av‡›`vjb‡K mdjfv‡e cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z wM‡q fviZxq bvix †h gvbwmK `„pZv, msMÖvgx
cÖeYZv I mwVK mg‡q mwVK wm×vš— MÖn‡Y m¶gZvi cÖgvb w`‡q‡Q, Zv Zv‡K mgvR-Av_©-ivR‰bwZK
mvs¯‹…wZK Av‡›`vjb cwiPvjbv Kivi Kv‡R cyi“‡li mgK¶Zv `vb K‡i‡Q Ges Zv‡K Av‡›`vjbgyLx
mwµqZvq my`¶ I my‡hvM¨ K‡i Zz‡j‡Q|
« wPc‡Kv Av‡›`vj‡b bvixi mwµq f~wgKvi †cÖ¶vc‡U Ôwj½ mv‡g¨iÕ (Gender Equality) AwZ ¸i“Z¡c~Y©
cÖkœwU †Rviv‡jvfv‡e AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i‡Q| KviY GB Av‡›`vj‡b bvixi AwZ mwµq I my`¶ f~wgKv
†_‡K GUv cÖgvb n‡q wM‡q‡Q †h, Ni-‡Mi¯’vwji g‡Zv mgvR-Av_©-ivR‰bwZK †¶‡ÎI bvix ¯^vaxbfv‡e
mwVK I my‡hvM¨ wm×vš— MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges Zv‡K Kvh©Kixfv‡e iƒcvwqZI Ki‡Z cv‡i|
« wPc‡Kv Av‡›`vj‡b wbQK e¨emvqxK gybvdvi ¯^v‡_© MvQ‡K †K‡U †djvi cÖqv‡mi wei“‡× Zv‡K
(MvQ‡K) i¶v Kivi j‡¶¨ (Zv‡K) `yÕnv‡Z Rwo‡q aivi ˆ`wnK wµqvi ga¨ w`‡q fviZxq bvix cÖej
Drmv‡ni mv‡_ AZ¨š— msMwVZ gybvdvgyLx e¨emvqxK kw³i wei“‡× †h mymsnZ Awnsm bxie msMÖvgx
cÖwZev`-cÖwZ‡iva msMwVZ K‡i‡Q, Zv mwZ¨ mwZ¨B Amva¨ mva‡bi e¨vcv‡i bvix kw³i m¶gZv I
†hvM¨Zv‡K mskqvZxZ fv‡e cÖgvb K‡i‡Q| ZvB GB Av‡›`vjb GKvš—B bvixkw³i mxgvnxb mvg‡_©¨iB
RqMvb ‡M‡q‡Q|
28
cÖeÜ

29. « wPc‡Kv Av‡›`vj‡bi HwZnvwmK Zvrc‡h©i Avi GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© w`K nj GB †h, GB Av‡›`vjb wQj
AwZ mvaviY fviZxq bvixi AskMÖn‡Y mg„× GK mdj cwi‡ekev`x Av‡›`vjb| e¯‘Z †MŠix †`ex,
my‡`kv †`ex, evQbx †`ex cÖgyL wewkó gwnjv †bÎxi †bZ…‡Z¡ Mv‡ovqvj GjvKvi MÖvg¸wji AwZ mvaviY
¯—‡ii †g‡q-‡eŠiv GB Av‡›`vjb‡K msMwVZ Ki‡Z Ges Zv‡K mdj KÕ‡i Zzj‡Z me©vš—tKi‡Y
AskMÖnY K‡iwQj| ZvB‡Zv GB Av‡›`vjb mvaviY bvixi Av‡›`vjbgyLx kw³, mvg_¨© I msnwZ Ges
mvsMVwbK ewjôZv‡KB `„ßfv‡e Zz‡j a‡iwQj|
« wPc‡Kv Av‡›`vj‡b my›`ijvj eû¸Yv, PÛx cÖmv` fvU cÖgyL wewkó cyi“l †bZ…Z¡ Ges ‡ek wKQy cyi“l
Av‡›`vjbKvix mwµq fywgKv cvjb Ki‡jI GB Av‡›`vj‡b cyi“‡li cÖvavb¨ I KZ…©Z¡‡K Qvwc‡q wM‡q
bvixi cÖvavb¨ I KZ…©Z¡B me©gq iƒc jvf K‡iwQj| e¯‘Z GB Av‡›`vjbwU cyi“l kw³‡K wcQ‡b †d‡j
w`‡q eis,bvix kw³‡KB gwngvwš^Z I †MŠievwš^Z K‡i Zz‡jwQj|
GB mg¯— wewkó w`K †_‡K bvixi mwµqZvq msMwVZ Ges bvix kw³i †bZ…Z¡ I AskMÖn‡Y mg„×
cwi‡ekev`x wPc‡Kv Av‡›`vjbwU Amvgvb¨ HwZnvwmK Zvrc‡h©i AwaKvix|
Avgv‡`i Dcjw× t
myZivs Avgiv †`L‡Z cvw”Q †h, wPc‡Kv Av‡›`vj‡bi HwZnvwmKZvi †cÖ¶vc‡U cwi‡ekev`x ivRbxwZ‡Z
bvix kw³i m¤¢vebvgq ù‚iY I Rxeb`vqx RvMiY N‡U †M‡Q| e¯‘Z GB Av‡›`vj‡bB wngvj‡qi cv`‡`‡ki
Mv‡ovqvj GjvKvi mvaviY bvixi AmvaviY cwi‡ek †PZbv my¯úó n‡q D‡V‡Q Ges Zv, wngvjq GjvKv Qvwc‡q
mg¯— fviZel© Ges mgMÖ fviZel© Qvwc‡q mgMÖ we‡k¦ wecyj gwngvq cÖPvwiZ Ges cÖmvwiZ n‡q‡Q| ejvB
evûj¨, fviZxq bvixi GB cwi‡ek msi¶YKvix f~wgKv mgMÖ wek¦mgv‡R Af~Zc~e© cwi‡ekev`x †ivgvÂ
mÂvwiZ K‡iwQj| GLv‡bB wbwnZ i‡q‡Q cwi‡ek ivRbxwZ‡Z fviZxq bvixi HwZnvwmK we‡klZ¡|
29
cÖeÜ

30. †K iv‡L GB bvg ? û`û`
ivg‡`e b¯‹i
ûU KÕ‡i G‡m †Mj ZvB bvwK û`û`-†kvbv †Mj cvovi †gv‡o| ej‡Qb †K? cwi‡Zvl`v, cvovi Mb¨
gvb¨ e¨w³| †h †Kvb MÖvg¨ wePv‡i we‡kl AwZw_| cÖPÛ †KŠZzn‡ji ekeZx©‡Z 13 eQ‡ii N‡›U wRÁvmv K‡i
†djj, Zvn‡j KvKz Avqjvi wKfv‡e Avqjv bvg nj| Zvw”Qj¨-kã KÕ‡i cwi‡Zvl`v ej‡jb- ÒnVvr AvBj¨v
ZvB AvqjvÓ| hyw³ ؇q cvovi gvZeŸiivI nZevK| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ †KD GKRb gš—e¨ K‡i, Avgv‡`i cwi‡Zvl
ïay cvovi Lei iv‡L bv,`ywbqvi bvwo b¶ÎI ej‡Z cv‡i|
Gfv‡e Av‡jvPbv G‡Mv‡”Q........
wKQy cvVK fve‡Qb GB MvuRvLix Mí c‡o wK jvf? †KD ev ej‡Qb wjUj g¨vMvwRb e‡jB m¤¢e|
†eKvi UvKvUv bó mgqI| GZ¶‡Y Avgvi UbK b‡o‡Q| fvewQ wKfv‡e MvuRvLwi MíUv‡Z Kvh©Kix ev¯—‡e
cwiYZ Kie|
mgy‡`ªi Rj Dò n‡j ev®ú n‡q Dc‡i D‡V hvq| d‡j evqy nvév n‡q wbæPvc MVb K‡i| Pvwiw`‡K
evZvm H A‡j Qy‡U Avm‡j N~wY©S‡oi m„wó nq| c„w_exi wewfbœ ¯’v‡b GB S‡oi bvg wfbœ wfbœ| †hgb - Pxb
Rvcvb DcK‚‡j UvBdzb, cwðg fviZxq Øxccy‡Ä n¨vwi‡Kb Ges Av‡gwiKvi DcK‚‡j U‡b©‡Wv bv‡g cwiwPZ|
World Meteorological Organization( W.M.O) g‡b K‡i,hw` GB †fŠ‡MvwjK bv‡gi gva¨‡g So
m¤ú‡K© m‡PbZv M‡o Zzj‡Z hvIqv nq,Zvn‡j mvaviY gvbyl‡K mn‡R ¯úk© Kiv hv‡e bv| mgx¶vi gva¨‡g
¯^xK…Z n‡q‡Q,hw` †Kvb welq mn‡R gvby‡li Kv‡Q †cŠu‡Q w`‡Z nq Zvn‡j Zvi GKUv †QvU, mnR‡eva¨ I
e¨wZµgx bvg _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| D`vniY ¯^iƒc ejv hvq ÒkPxb i‡gk †ZÛyjK‡ii Zzjbvq ÒkPxbÓ bvgwU
we‡kl cwiwPZ I RbwcÖq| KviY †k‡lv³ bvgwU ‡QvU I mnR‡eva¨|
µvš—xq A‡ji So¸wji bvgKiY, ïi“i w`‡K †Kvb wbqg †g‡b Kiv nZ bv| cieZx© mg‡q we‡kl
K‡i Ewbk kZ‡Ki gvSvgvwS mg‡q S‡oi bvgKiY‡K we‡kl RbwcÖq Ki‡Z eY© mvwR‡q Kiv nZ| D`vniY
¯^iƒc- eQ‡ii cÖ_gw`‡Ki So¸wji bvgKiY ÔA’ w`‡q nZ, †hgb Anne Ges cieZx© So¸wji bvg wKfv‡e
nZ Zv mn‡R Aby‡gq| †kl ch©š— 1953 mv‡j National Hurricane Centre cÖ_g AvUjvw›UK mvM‡ii
So¸wji GKwU mywbw`©ó m~wP K‡i|
S‡oi MwZwewa ch©‡e¶Y,mgx¶v,cÖ‡Kvc chv©‡jvPbv,bvgKiY cÖf„wZ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ W.M.O mgMÖ
wek¦‡K 5wU A‡j wef³ K‡ib| GK GKwU A‡ji m`i `ßi Zv‡`i m`m¨iv‡óªi †h †Kvb GKwU kn‡i
Aew¯’Z| GB m`i `ßi¸wj we‡kl bv‡g cwiwPZ| Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre
(RSMC) we‡k¦i 5 wU AÂj I m`m¨ivóª¸wj wbæiƒc -
1. W.M.O Typhoon Committee: m`m¨ †`kmg~n- K‡¤^vwWqv, Pxb, nsKs, Rvcvb, wdwjcvBb,
wm½vcyi, _vBj¨vÛ BZ¨vw`| m`i `ßi Rvcv‡b Aew¯’Z hvi bvg Tokyo Typhoon Centre.
2. Economic & Social Commission forAsia & the Pacific (Escap) Parel on tropical
cycle : m`m¨ †`k- evsjv‡`k, fviZ, gvjØxc, gvqvbgvi, Igvb, cvwK¯—vb, kªxj¼v Ges _vBj¨vÛ|
m`i `ßi New Delhi, ‡gŠmg feb|
3. RegionalAssociation ( R.A) I Tropical Cyclone Committee: m`m¨ †`k- K‡gvim,
d«vÝ , †Kwbqv,,†j‡mv‡_v ,gv`vMv¯‹vi, gvjex, †gŠwiwUhvm, †gvRvw¤^K, `t Avwd«Kv , wR¤^v‡ev‡q BZ¨vw`|
m`i `ßi d«v‡Ý, jv wi BDwbqb UªwcK¨vj mvB‡K¬vb †m›Uvi|
cÖeÜ
30

31. 4. R.A. iv Tropical Hurricane Centre : G¨vw›U¸‡q, eviev‡Wvm&, †ewjR, KvbvWv, Kjw¤^qv,
†Kv÷vwiKv, wKDev, †WvwgwbKv,nvBwZ cÖf„wZ †`k|
5. R.A. v Tropical Cyclone Centre : A‡óªwjqv, KzK AvBj¨vÛ, wdwR , cwj‡bwmqv , B‡›`v‡bwkqv,
wbDwRj¨vÛ, cvcyqv wbDwMwb, †Uv½v BZ¨vw` m`k¨ †`k| hv‡`i RSMC wdwR‡Z Aew¯’Z,hvi bvg
Tropical Centre.
cÖwZwU A‡ji S‡oi bvgKiY c×wZ GK bq| †hgb DËi AvUjvw›UK A‡ji S‡oi bvgKi‡Yi 6
wU m~wP Av‡Q| cÖwZ eQi GK GKwU m~wP e¨envi Kiv nq Ges cÖwZ 6 eQi Aš—i m~wPi cybive„wË nq| w`j-xi
†gŠmygfeb bvgKi‡Yi †¶‡Î ¯^Zš¿Zv †i‡L‡Q| cÖvq cÖwZeQi m`m¨‡`k¸wj wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ Avjvc Av‡jvPbv
K‡i KZK¸wj wbqgvbyewZ©Zvi gva¨‡g bvgKi‡Yi wm×vš— †bq| ‡hgb -
GB c¨v‡b‡ji m`m¨‡`k¸wji cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki bvgKi‡Yi my‡hvM _vK‡e|
bvgKiY ZvwjKvq †`‡ki †`‡ki bv‡gi Av`¨¶i Abyhvqx n‡e|
bv‡gi ZvwjKvi e¨envi,m~wPi Dci †_‡K µgkt wb‡Pi w`‡K GwM‡q hv‡e|
wbw`ó wbqg †g‡b bv‡gi †h m~wP ‡gŠmg feb D‡b¥vPb K‡i‡Q Zv wbæiƒc Ñ
Panel Column-1 Column-2 Column-3 Column-4 Column-5 Column-6 Column-7 Column-8
m`m¨ bvg bvg bvg bvg bvg bvg bvg bvg
evsjv‡`k IqvwRj IwMœ wbkv wMwi †n‡jb Pcjv IwL dwb
fviZ AwMœ AvKvk eywj Rj †jnvi †gN mvMi evqy
gvjØxc wnevi“ †Mvby Avqjv wLjv gvwd iby †gdzby wndv
gvqvbgvi c¨vi B‡qwgb wdivY _v‡b bvbvDK K¨vš— `v‡q wdqvi
Igvb evR wmWvi IqvW© gyiRvb û`û` bvWv jyevb gvnv
cvwK¯—vb dvbym bvwM©m jvBjv wbjvg wb‡jvdvi fiWvn wZZwj eyjeyj
kªxj¼v gvjv ivm&g ev›`y gv‡n‡mb wcÖqv Avwmwi wRMvg †mvev
_vBj¨vÛ gyK&`v LvBgyKv ‡dU dvBwjb †Kv‡gb †gviv cvBwZ Avg&Kc
bZzb w`j-xi †gŠmyg feb Ab¨vb¨ A‡ji gZ GB myPx‡K K‡qK eQ‡i cybe¨©envi K‡i bv| Avgv‡`i mvg‡b
my‡hvM †i‡L‡Q S‡oi bvgKi‡Y AskMÖnY Kivi| hw` †Kvb B”QyK e¨w³ GB bvgKi‡Y AskMÖnY Ki‡Z Pvq,
wZwb Aek¨B †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z cv‡ib GB wVKvbvqÑ
Director General of Meteorology
Indian Meteorological Department.
MausamBhawan
Lodi Road
New Delhi - 110003
G‡¶‡Î Avcbv‡K K‡qKUv wel‡q mZK© _vK‡Z n‡e -
K. bvgKiY Aek¨ †QvU I mnR‡eva¨ n‡Z n‡e
L. ms¯‹…wZ‡Z AvNvZ K‡i Ggb bvg cwinvi †kªq|
M. †Kvb weaŸsmx S‡oi bvg cybe¨©envi Kiv hv‡e bv| Zvn‡j mvaviY gvbyl AvZw¼Z n‡e| †hgb- Avqjv|
G¶‡Y ej‡Z nq, cwi‡Zvl`v MÖvg¨ wePv‡i hZB cwic° †nvb bv †Kb,wek¦Áv‡b Ac°| eis
N‡›Ui gZ Rvbvi AvMÖn _vK‡j Avgiv mwVK Áv‡b mg„× ne|
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31

32. û`û` I fviZxq AvenvIqv wefvM
†gŠwgZv gÛj
fvi‡Zi cÖvK…wZK wech‡q©i mv¤cÖwZK NUbvejxi w`‡K hw` †`Lv hvq,Zvn‡j 2013 mvj Ges
2014 mv‡ji g‡a¨Kvi GKUv mv`„k¨ Lyu‡R cv‡eb| `yÕ‡Uv eQ‡iB eQ‡ii GKB mg‡q , GKB A‡j , GKB
iKg AvenvIqvRwbZ cÖvK…wZK wech©q N‡U hvIqv wKQyUv Avð‡h©i g‡b n‡jI A¯^vfvweK ejv hvq bv|
cªvK…wZK wech©q¸wji ¶q-¶wZi gvÎv GZ †ekx wQj †h GLbI Zv Rbg‡b m¤ú~Y© gy‡Q hvqwb| 2013 mv‡ji
Rybgv‡m DËivL‡Û †gNfvOv e„wó I Zvi d‡j NUv noKvevb Ges A‡±vei gv‡m IwWkv DcK‚‡j ÔdvBwjb
ÕN~wY©S‡oi ZvÛe| Ab¨w`‡K 2014 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤^‡ii Kvk¥xi DcZ¨Kvi gnv&c-veb Ges A‡±ve‡i AÜcÖ‡`k I
Iwokv DcK‚‡j †a‡q Avmv N~wY©So û`û`,G‡`i cÖ‡Z‡K¨B wQj AvenvIqvNwUZ wech©q Ges cÖwZ †¶‡ÎB
nvRvi †KvwU g~‡j¨i m¤úwË bó n‡q‡Q | wKš‘ Rxebnvwbi msL¨v N~wY©So `yÕwUi †¶‡Î A‡bK Kg wQj| GLb
†Kb cwðg wngvj‡qi GB `yB A‡j noKvevb ev gnvc-veb-Gi gZ AvenvIqv cwiw¯’wZi D™¢e nj, Zv
GLv‡b Av‡jvP¨ bq| eis GB PviwU wech©q †gvKvwejvi †¶‡Î hw` ch©‡e¶Y Kiv hvq, Zvn‡j ‡`Lv hv‡e
noKvevb ev gnvc-ve‡bi †¶‡Î AvenvIqvi c~ev©fvm chv©ß wQj bv Ges †mB mv‡_ cÖkvmwbK ¯—‡i P~ovš—
e¨_©Zv| Ab¨w`‡K N~wY©So `yÕwUi †¶‡Î h_vh_ AvenvIqvi c~ev©fvm I P~ovš— cÖkvmwbK ZrciZvi Kvi‡Y
Rxebnvwb me©wb毗‡i wb‡q Avmv †M‡Q|ÔdvBwjbÕ I Ôû`û`Õ Df‡qiB MwZ‡eM wQj 200 wKwgi †ekx Ges
Rxebnvwbi msL¨v miKvwi wnmve Abyhvqx wQj h_vµ‡g 20 Rb I 37 Rb IwWkv (2) AÜcÖ‡`k (35)
DcK‚‡j|
12-B A‡±vei wekvLvcËb‡gi Ici Ôû`û`Õ AvNvZ nvbvi c~‡e© GUv ‘very severe cyclonic
storm’(vscs)- G cwiYZ n‡qwQj| S‡oi †PvL wekvLvcËb‡g AvQ‡o covi wVK c~e© gyû‡Z© evqyi MwZ‡eM
N›Uvq 215 -k.mph †Z †cŠuQvq| Gici ¯’jfv‡Mi Ici û`û‡`i MwZ‡eM 180 kmph -Gi Av‡kcv‡k
wQj| Ômvwdi-wm¤úmbÕ †¯‹‡j GB N~wY©SowUi ZxeªZv Abymv‡i G‡K category-4 Gi Aš—©f~³ Kiv n‡q‡Q,
fxlY kw³kvjx N~wY©So‡K (vscs) wb‡`©k K‡i|
wPÎ : û`vû` ( DcMÖn wPÎ ) wPÎ :N~wY©S‡oi MwZc_
32
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33. û`û` -Gi Rb¥ nq GeQ‡ii A‡±ve‡ii 6 Zvwi‡L DËi Av›`vgvb mvM‡i| ZLb GUv wQj ïay GKUv
wbæPvc gvÎ| Gici wbæPvcUv cwð‡g hZB mi‡Z _v‡K,ZZB Zv AviI Nw~Y©f~Z n‡Z _v‡K| d‡j c‡ii w`bB
GUv Mfxi wbæPv‡c cwiYZ nq| IMD DËi Av›`vgvb mvMi I msjMœ `w¶Y-c~e© e‡½vcmvM‡ii Ici Mfxi
wbæPv‡ci ms‡KZ †`q 8-B A‡±vei mKvj 8-Uvi ey‡jwU‡b| ZLb wbæPvcwU Ae¯’vb KiwQj 12.30
N Ges
92.90
E -G js Øx‡ci wbK‡U| H mg‡qB Av›`vgvb-wb‡Kvei Øxccy‡Ä NywY©S‡oi mZK©evZv© ‡`Iqv nq Ges
DËi AÜcÖ‡`k I IwWkv DcK‚‡ji Rb¨ N~wY©So-c~e© Ae¯’vi ch©‡e¶Y ïi“ Kiv nq| wekvLvcËbg †_‡K
wbæPvcwUi `~iZ¡ GB mgq wQj 1522 km| Gici hZB SoUv cwð‡g GwM‡q‡Q ZZB e‡½vcmvMi †_‡K
AviI Rjxqev®ú msMÖn K‡i‡Q I kw³kvjx n‡q Severe cyclonic storm (scs)-G icvš—wiZ n‡q‡Q|
GUv scs-G cwiYZ nq A‡±ve‡ii 7 Zvwi‡L| Gic‡ii w`b¸‡jv‡Z AviI kw³ mÂq K‡i vscs G cwiYZ
n‡q‡Q|
Ôû`û`Õ me‡P‡q †Rv‡i AvNvZ †n‡bwQj wekvLvcËb‡g| wKš‘ Gi ZvÛe ïay AÜcÖ‡`k I IwWkvi
g‡a¨B mxgve× bq| eis 8-B A‡±vei hLb GUv cÖ_g cyclonic storm-G iƒcvš—i nq, †mB w`bB GUv
Av›`vgv‡bi we¯—xY© GjvKvq ZvÛe Pvjvq Ges we`y¨r,†hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v m¤ú~Y© wech©¯— n‡q c‡o| ¯’vbxq cÖkvmb
¯‹zj, †Kwimvwf©‡mi gZ Ri“wi cwi‡lev eÜ ivL‡Z wb‡`©k †`q,cÖej e„wó‡Z f~wga‡mi NUbv N‡U‡Q|Gi c‡i
wQj AÜcÖ‡`k I IwWkvi Ici ZvÛe| GLv‡b Rxebnvwbi cwigvb Kg n‡jI Avw_©K ¶q¶wZi cwigvb
†cŠu‡Q‡Q 9.7-11 wewjqb BD .Gm. Wjvi-G|
N~wY©S‡o evqyi cÖej ‡e‡M cÖevwnZ nIqvi cÖavb KviY nj N~wY©S‡oi †K‡›`ª evqyi Pvc evB‡ii
A‡c¶v K‡g hvIqv| G‡¶‡Î joint Typhoon warning Centre (JTWC)-Gi ch©‡e¶Y Abyhvqx †K‡›`ª
evqyi Pvc 960 mb.-G †cŠu‡QwQj Ges evqyi MwZ‡eM IMD ( Indian Meteorological Depart-
ment)- i wnmve Abyhvqx wQj 205-210 kmph|NASA-i ch©‡e¶Y Abyhvqx 7-14-B A‡±vei ch©š—
û`û`-Gi cÖfv‡e mgy‡`ªi Ici mev©waK 550 mm.Ges f~wgi Ici mev©waK 200-250mm.e„wócvZ
n‡q‡Q|
12-B A‡±v¤^i Ôû`û`Õ mKvj 11-30 Uvi mgq ¯’‡j AvNvZ nvbvi ci mܨv †_‡K Zv `ye©j n‡Z ïi“
K‡i Ges ga¨fvi‡Zi w`‡K AMÖmi nq wbæPvc wnmv‡e| Gi cÖfv‡e e„wócvZI msNwVZ n‡Z _v‡K| bvmvi
(National Aeronautic and space Agency) ch©‡e¶Y Abyhvqx, Gici wb‡¯—R Ôû`û`Õ wngvj‡qi
cv`‡`‡ki wbK‡U G‡m Dcw¯’Z n‡j †mLv‡b wekvj cwigvb Rjxqev®ú û`û‡`i mv‡_ wg‡j ‡gŠmygx evqy‡K
cybivq mwµq K‡i †Zv‡j Ges Gi cÖfv‡e DËi fvi‡Zi wKQy As‡k Ges †bcv‡j e¨vcK e„wócvZ ïi“ nq|
Gfv‡e Ôû`û`Õ N~wY©S‡oi c‡iI †ek K‡qKw`b mwµq wQj|†bcv‡ji aejwMwi‡Z Zzlvi m¤cÖcvZ
(Avalanche)-Gi Rb¨ û`û‡`i GB c‡iv¶ cÖfveB `vqx| GB NUbvq 40 Rb wbnZ n‡q‡Qb, hviv
aejwMwi‡Z †UªwKs Gi Rb¨ wM‡qwQ‡jb|
e‡½vcmvM‡ii Ici kirKv‡j (A‡±vei I b‡f¤^i gvm) GKvwaK wbæPvc †Kvl m„wó nq Ges G‡`i
g‡a¨ †_‡K †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv wbæPvc fq¼i N~wY©S‡o cwiYZ nq| wdeQiB GB NUbv N‡U _v‡K| Gi Rb¨ `vqx
GB mgq cÖZ¨veZ©bKvix †gŠmygx evqy | GB wbæPvc¸wji †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bvwU cwðg-cÖkvš— gnvmvMi †_‡K
e‡½vcmvM‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i|Avevi e‡½vcmvM‡ii Ic‡iI ¯’vbxq Dcv`v‡bi cÖfv‡e wbæPvc m„wó nq| GB mg‡qB
†gŠmygx evqy cðv` AcmviY Kivq ‡gŠmygx wbæPvc hLb DËi-e‡½vcmvM‡ii Dci Ae¯’vb K‡i,ZLb †mLv‡b
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34. c~ev©jx Avqbevqy I wbi¶xq cwðgvevqyi g‡a¨ AwfmiY nq| GB AwfmiY A‡ji Ic‡ii DaŸ© evhy‡Z hw`
cÖwZmiY ‡`Lv hvq, Zvn‡j N~wY©S‡oi AveZ© kw³kvjx n‡q fq¼i N~wY©S‡oi m„wó nq| g~jZt GB Kvi‡YB
kirKv‡j e‡½vcmvM‡ii Ici AwaK wbæPvc I N~wY©S‡oi m„wó nq| we¯—xY© Rjivwki g‡a¨ Av›`vgvb -wb‡Kvei
Øxccy‡Äi wew”Qbœ Ae¯’v‡bi Kvi‡YB DËi Av›`vgvb mvMi mn c~e©-e‡½vcmvMi GB A‡ji AwaKvsk wbæPvc
I N~wY©S‡oi DrcwË ¯’j| e‡½vcmvM‡ii Ici m„ó N~wY©S‡oi 58% fvi‡Zi c~e© DcK‚j‡K AvNvZ K‡i|
KviY GBme N~wY©So¸wji MwZc_ AwaKvsk †¶‡Î DËi-cwðg ev cwðg-DËi AwfgyLx nq| Avgiv †d‡i‡ji
m~‡Î c‡owQ , evqy †KvwiIwjm kw³i cÖfv‡e DËi ‡Mvjv‡a© Wvbw`‡K I `w¶Y
†Mvjv‡a© evgw`‡K ‡eu‡K cÖevwnZ nq| ZvB †Kvb wbæPvc m„wó n‡j †K‡›`ªi w`‡K
evB‡ii evqy hLb m‡e‡M cÖevwnZ nq, Zv DËi †Mvjv‡a© Ae¯’v‡bi Rb¨ Wvbw`‡K
†ue‡K cÖevwnZ nq| GB Kvi‡Y N~Yv©e‡Z©i g‡a¨ cÖevwnZ evhy DËi †Mvjv‡a© Nwoi
KvuUvi wecix‡Z cÖevwnZ nq| N~Yv©eZ©wUi g‡a¨B evqyi MwZ‡eM GZ †ekx _v‡K
†h,†mUv mvgwMÖKfv‡e cwðgw`‡K mi‡Z _v‡K| Z‡e GB NUbv me‡¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨
nq bv Zv ejvB evûj¨| †hgb- Avqjv mivmwi Dˇi cÖevwnZ n‡qwQj| AwaKvsk
†¶‡Î N~Yv©evZ¸wji †¶‡Î GB NUbv NU‡Z †`Lv hvq, û`û‡`i †¶‡ÎI GB NUbv
N‡U‡Q|
fviZxq AvenvIqv wefvM wbæPvcwU‡K cÖ_g †_‡K †kl ch©š— ch©‡e¶Y K‡i †M‡Q Ges cÖ‡qvRbgZ
mZK©evZv© w`‡q mgy‡`ª gvQ ai‡Z hvIqv †R‡j †_‡K ¯’jfv‡Mi gvbylRb mevi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡¶c
mgqg‡Zv wb‡Z cÖkvmb‡K fxlYfv‡e mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q| iv‡R¨i I †K›`ªxq D×viKvix `j I †mbvevwnbx S‡oi
c~‡e© c~e©-DcK‚j ‡_‡K 700000 gvbyl‡K wbivc` ¯’v‡b mwi‡q wb‡q †h‡Z m¶g n‡qwQj| G‡Z Rxebnvwbi
msL¨v fxlYfv‡e Kgv‡bv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q | gvÎ 15 eQi Av‡M IwWkvi mycvi mvB‡K¬v‡b 10000 nvRv‡iiI †ekx
gvbyl gviv hvb| Avi 2013 I 2014 mv‡j cici `yÕ‡Uv fq¼i N~wY©S‡o Rxebnvwbi cwigvb 50-GiI bx‡P
†b‡g G‡m‡Q|GgbUv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q fviZxq AvenvIqv `߇ii (IMD) mwVK mg‡q mwVK c~ev©fvm I cÖkvmwbK
ZrciZvi Kvi‡YB| NWP (Numerical weather Prediction)-Gi gva¨‡g mwVKfv‡e N~wY©S‡oi MwZ‡eM
†_‡K MwZc_ e‡j †`Iqv m¤¢eci n‡q‡Q| Avi ZvB N~wY©So-Gi gZ fq¼i cÖvK„wZK `~‡hv©‡Mi wbLyuZ c~ev©fvm
†`Iqv m¤¢e n‡”Q|
fviZxq f~L‡Ûi 8%-Gi gZ GjvKv N~wY©So cÖeb GjvKv Ges fvi‡Zi DcK‚jxq ¯’jfvM Rbeûj
nIqvq N~wY©S‡oi cÖfv‡e cÖPzi Rxebnvwbi NUbv Ges †mB m‡½ m¤úwËi ¶q¶wZi m¤¢vebv RwoZ _v‡K| ZvB
N~wY©So c~ev©fvm e¨e¯’vq DbœwZ wbtm‡›`‡n fviZxq AvenvIqv wefvM-Gi eo K„wZZ¡| Ab¨w`‡K wngvjq
A‡j cici `yÕeQi N‡U hvIqv cÖej e„wó I c-ve‡bi c~ev©fvm cÖ`v‡bi †¶‡Î AvenvIqv wefv‡Mi e¨_©Zv
A¯^xKvi Kivi bq| ZvB Ôû`û‡`iÕ cÖvYbvk †iv‡ai K…wZZ¡ hw` IMD †K †`Iqv nq, Zvn‡j Kvk¥xi eb¨vq
cÖvYbvk i“L‡Z bv cvivi `vqI Zv‡`i Ic‡iB eZv©q, hw`I ¯’vbxq cÖkvmbI GLv‡b mgvbfv‡e mdj Ges
e¨_©| we‡klZt hLb cwiewZ©Z AvenvIqv cwiw¯’wZ‡Z mviv wek¦Ry‡o AvenvIqvi Dcv`v‡bi AvPi‡Yi cwieZ©b
N‡U‡Q I AvenvIqvRwbZ cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv‡M©i msL¨v I ZxeªZv evo‡Q,ZLb AvenvIqv wefvM‡K AviI Kvh©Kix
n‡Z n‡e meiK‡gi AvenvIqvRwbZ cÖvK…wZK wech©q †gvKvwejvq| IPCC (Inter government Pannel
on Climate Change)-Gi wi‡cv‡U© wngvjq A‡j wngevn Mjb, e„wócvZ e„w×, eb¨vi gZ AvenvIqvRwbZ
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34

35. cÖvK…wZK wec‡`i ms‡KZ Av‡MB †`Iqv n‡qwQj| ZvB GLvbKvi AvenvIqv ch©‡e¶Y I c~ev©fv‡mi †¶‡Î
IMD -i mv¤cÖwZK e¨_©Zvq AvenvIqv wefvM‡K †h mgv‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q,Avkv Kiv hvq AvMvgx w`‡b Zv
cÖksmvq cwiYZ n‡e Ges †mw`b Lye `~‡i bq| IMD N~wY©S‡oi cvkvcvwk mKjiK‡gi AvenvIqvRwbZ
`~‡hv©M †_‡K fviZevmx‡K i¶v Ki‡e G wek¦vm ivLv hvq|
bvgKiY t AvRKvj MYgva¨‡gi †mŠR‡b¨ S‡oi bvgKiY †Kb nq Avi wKfv‡e nq,Zv mevB Kg‡ekx Rv‡bb|
g~jZ RbmvaviY hv‡Z †a‡q Avmv S‡oi m¤ú‡K© AviI `ª“Z m‡PZb n‡Z cv‡ib Ges KLbI KLbI m„wó
nIqv GKvwaK S‡oi g‡a¨ †KvbUv Zv‡`i Ici AvNvZ nvb‡Z P‡j‡Q,†m m¤ú‡K© mwVK aviYv Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
‡mRb¨ mnR‡eva¨ bvg ‡`Iqv nq|
DËi fviZ gnvmvM‡ii Ici m„wó nIqv N~wY©S‡oi (ev g~jZ t e‡½vcmvMi I Avie mvM‡ii Ic‡iB
m„wó nq) bvgKiY 2004 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤^i gvm †_‡K ïi“ n‡q‡Q| GLvbKvi AvUUv †`k (h_vµ‡g Ñ
evsjv‡`k,fviZel©, gvjØxc, gvqvbgvi, Igvb, cvwK¯—vb, kªxj¼v I _vBj¨vÛ) Zv‡`i bv‡gi cÖ_g eY© Abymv‡i
GKUv ZvwjKv cÖ¯‘Z K‡i‡Q, †hLv‡b Zviv AvUwU Kjv‡g AvUwU K‡i bvg w`‡q‡Q| Gfv‡e †gvU 64 wU bvg
bw_f~³ i‡q‡Q GB ZvwjKvq| hv chv©qµ‡g cÖwZwU N~wY©S‡oi bvgKiY Ki‡Z e¨envi Kiv nq|
Gev‡i wQj Igv‡bi cvjv| Zviv Zv‡`i †`‡ki GKUv RbwcÖq cvwLi bvg Abymv‡i Ôû`û`Õ bvgKiYwU
K‡iwQj| ‡m ‡`‡k Gi A_© `vuovq ÔOld world birdÕ Avi Avgv‡`i †`‡k GUv‡K ejv nq Ô†gvnb P~ovÕ|
GKBfv‡e cieZx© mg‡q DËi fviZ gnvmvM‡i m„ó N~wY©S‡oi K‡qKwU bvg nj- wb‡jvdvi (cvwK¯—
vb),wcÖqv (kªxj¼v), †Kv‡gb (_vBj¨vÛ), Pcjv (evsjv‡`k),†gN (fviZ),ibyy (gvjØxc), Kvqvš— (gvqvbgvi),
bvWv (Igvb) BZ¨vw`|
RbmvaviY hw` †Kv‡bv bvg GB ZvwjKvq cÖ¯—ve Ki‡Z Pvb, Zvn‡j †mB bvg‡K K‡qKwU kZ© cvjb
Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgb- bvgUv h‡_ó msw¶ß n‡Z n‡e,hv‡Z cÖPvi Kivi mgq eyS‡Z myweav nq| bvgUv †hb †Kvb
ms¯‹…wZ ev fvev‡eM‡K AvNvZ bv K‡i Ges Gi g‡a¨ †hb †KvbiKg AcÖxwZKi A_© wbwnZ bv _v‡K| †h S‡oi
cÖfv‡eB e¨cK cÖvYnvwb I ¶q¶wZi NUbv N‡U _v‡K, ‡mB S‡oi bv‡gi †hb cybive„wË bv nq| GBme
kZ©c~iY K‡i cÖ¯—vweZ bvg fvi‡Zi Zid †_‡K ivLvi Rb¨ ÔfviZxq Avenwe`¨v wefv‡MiÕ AwaKZvi© m¤§wZ
cÖ‡qvRb|
Ref:-www.imd.gov.in
ATMOSPHERE,WEATHER AND CLIMATE:BARRYR.G.ANDCHORLEYR.J.
TIMES OF INDIA(8 OCT. - 16TH OCT. - 2014)
cÖeÜ
35

36. ¯^vgx we‡eKvb‡›`i mgvRfvebv
kvn Rvgvj j¯‹i
GB wewPÎ, gnxqvb ayjvi aiYx hLbB AÁvbZvi AÜKv‡i Av”Qbœ n‡q hvq, hLbB gvby‡li mvgvwRK
Rxeb †kvlY wbcxo‡b `xb nxb K`h© ¯^ívqy‡Z cwiYZ nq, hLbB gvby‡li gvbeZv †ev‡ai Ges mvgvwRK
g~j¨‡ev‡ai ivR¨ gbyl¨bvgavix kqZv‡bi c`fv‡i `wjZ, gw_Z nq, hLbB AZ¨vPvwiZ k~`ª‡`i (c``wjZ
gvbyl‡`i) AvZ© PxrKv‡i eZ©gvb hy‡Mi Avi Ks‡Ömi KvivMvi¸wji Pvi †`Iqvj ‡Ku‡c I‡V, ZLb GB `xb nxb
K`h© cwi‡ek †_‡K D×vi Kivi Rb¨ `ywbqvi †`‡k †`‡k †hgb Avwe©fve N‡UwQj Aveªvnvg wj¼b,‡jwbb,¯—
¨vwjb,gvK©m,G‡½jm,gvI †mZzs, nRiZ gn¤§`, hxïLªxó cÖf„wZ wec-ex mgvR ms¯‹viK gywb,Fwl,ivRbxwZ
we`‡`i †Zgwb fvi‡Zi i½g‡Â Avwe©fve N‡UwQj wewkó mgvR ms¯‹viK exi wec-ex ivg‡gvnb, we`¨vmvMi,
gyRvd&d&i Avn‡g`, M‡Yk †Nvl, iex›`ª, bRi“j, myKvš—, †MŠZgey×, kªx‰PZb‡`‡ei gZ ¯^vgx we‡eKvb‡›`i |
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