An amblyopinine rove beetle from the earliest Miocene Foulden Maar fossil-Lagerstätte, New Zealand

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JoshJenkinsShaw

Josh Jenkins Shaw, Alexey Solodovnikov, Ming Bai, Uwe Kaulfuss

An amblyopinine rove beetle from the
earliest Miocene Foulden Maar fossil-
Lagerstätte, New Zealand
J. Jenkins Shaw1, A. Solodovnikov2, M. Bai1 & U. Kaulfuss3
1Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
2Natural History Museum of Denmark, Zoological Museum
3Department of Animal Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Göttingen, Germany
@jenksshaw
Personal Website
#SBEmeeting2020
Paper!

• Foulden Maar, Otago, New Zealand
• Earliest Miocene (23.2 ± 0.2 Ma)
• Rainforest environment
• Forest floor: ants, beetles inc. Staphylinidae,
Cerambycidae, Chrysomelidae, Curculionidae & poss.
Hydrophilidae known
Introduction
Reconstruction By Paula Peters
• Family: Staphylinidae (rove beetles)
• 64,000 species (936 in NZ, mostly endemic)
• Tribe: Amblyopinini
• Mostly Gondwanan distribution
• Ca. 90 species in NZ (all endemic)
Lee et al., 2016
An Amblyopinini rove beetle from New Guinea

Materials & methods
• Single compression fossil
• Rather poorly preserved
• Deposited in Museum of the Geology
Department, University of Otago, New
Zealand
Foulder crater and fossil pit (Uwe Kaulfuss)

• Placement in Amblyopinini
• Formation of setae on elytra and
abdomen
• Scutellum with anterior scutellar ridge
only
• Placement in extant genus
• Sphingoquedius meto New species
• Autapomorphy: microsculpture of
pronotum
Results
Sphingoquedius strandi Bernhauer, 1941

Discussion & conclusion
• Represents fauna after partial or
complete submergence of NZ
• Likely belongs to clade of NZ+AUS
taxa recovered by molecular data
• Potential future minimum-age
calibration for dated phylogeny
• Other rove beetle fossils to be
studied
Jenkins Shaw et al., 2020
Uwe Kaulfuss Uwe Kaulfuss
Cooper & Cooper, 1995

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Cotton crops are vulnerable to a variety of sucking pests, which can severely impact plant health, yield, and fiber quality. These pests primarily feed on plant sap, extracting nutrients directly from the plant's vascular system. Here's a breakdown of some of the most significant sucking pests in cotton cultivation: Aphids: Cotton aphids or melon aphids can cause direct damage by sucking sap and indirect damage by secreting honeydew, which encourages sooty mold growth. This can interfere with photosynthesis and weaken the plant. Aphids can also transmit viral diseases. Whiteflies: Two species, the silverleaf whitefly and the bandedwinged whitefly, are particularly troublesome. They not only suck sap from the underside of leaves, causing yellowing and leaf drop, but their honeydew excretion promotes sooty mold and they can transmit several plant viruses. Thrips: While thrips can chew on plants, their primary damage to cotton is through sucking. They attack the cotton plant during its seedling stage, which can stunt growth and reduce vigor. Thrips are also capable of transmitting the Cotton Bud disease. Spider Mites: These are not insects but arachnids. Spider mites, such as the two-spotted spider mite, suck cell contents from the leaves, leading to speckled discoloration and potentially significant leaf loss if infestations are severe. Leafhoppers: Including various species, leafhoppers can cause direct damage through feeding, which results in leaf curling and stunted growth. They can also be vectors for plant diseases. Mealybugs: These pests are less common but can be problematic, especially in clustered planting conditions. They suck sap and secrete honeydew, which leads to sooty mold. Mealybugs can also spread viruses. Stink Bugs: Although primarily known for their chewing mouthparts, certain stink bugs can cause damage similar to sucking pests by injecting saliva into the plant and sucking out nutrients, leading to boll damage and stained lint. Management Strategies: Cultural Controls: This includes practices such as crop rotation, using resistant varieties, and managing planting and harvesting times to avoid peak pest populations. Biological Controls: Beneficial insects like lady beetles, lacewings, and predatory mites can naturally control sucking pest populations. Parasitic wasps also play a role in controlling aphid and whitefly populations. Chemical Controls: Insecticides may be used but should be chosen carefully to minimize resistance development and preserve beneficial insects. Systemic insecticides can be particularly effective against sucking pests. Integrated Pest Management (IPM): Combining multiple control strategies based on monitoring and thresholds to apply the most effective and environmentally sensitive approach. Effective management of sucking pests in cotton requires a thorough understanding of the pest species present, their life cycles, and the ecological balance of the field environment.

Pests of cotton_Sucking_Pests_Dr.UPR.pdf

Pests of cotton_Sucking_Pests_Dr.UPR.pdf

Pests of cotton_Sucking_Pests_Dr.UPR.pdf

Wepresent Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array 12-m, 7-m, and Total Power Array observations of the FUOrionis outbursting system, covering spatial scales ranging from 160 to 25,000 au. The high-resolution interferometric data reveal an elongated 12CO(2–1) feature previously observed at lower resolution in 12CO(3–2). Kinematic modeling indicates that this feature can be interpreted as an accretion streamer feeding the binary system. The mass infall rate provided by the streamer is significantly lower than the typical stellar accretion rates (even in quiescent states), suggesting that this streamer alone is not massive enough to sustain the enhanced accretion rates characteristic of the outbursting class prototype. The observed streamer may not be directly linked to the current outburst, but rather a remnant of a previous, more massive streamer that may have contributed enough to the disk mass to render it unstable and trigger the FU Orionis outburst. The new data detect, for the first time, a vast, slow-moving carbon monoxide molecular outflow emerging from this object. To accurately assess the outflow properties (mass, momentum, and kinetic energy), we employ 13CO(2–1) data to correct for optical depth effects. The analysis indicates that the outflow corresponds to swept-up material not associated with the current outburst, similar to the slow molecular outflows observed around other FUor and Class I protostellar objects.

Discovery of an Accretion Streamer and a Slow Wide-angle Outflow around FUOri...

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Jupiter’s moon Io hosts extensive volcanism, driven by tidal heating. The isotopic composition of Io's inventory of volatile chemical elements, including sulfur and chlorine, reflects its outgassing and mass loss history, and thus records information about its evolution. We used millimeter observations of Io’s atmosphere to measure sulfur isotopes in gaseous SO2 and SO, and chlorine isotopes in gaseous NaCl and KCl. We find 34S/32S = 0.0595 ± 0.0038 (equivalent to δ34S = +347 ± 86‰), which is highly enriched compared to average Solar System values and indicates that Io has lost 94 to 99% of its available sulfur. Our measurement of 37Cl/35Cl = 0.403 ± 0.028 (δ37Cl = +263 ± 88‰) shows that chlorine is similarly enriched. These results indicate that Io has been volcanically active for most (or all) of its history, with potentially higher outgassing and mass-loss rates at earlier times.

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1. An amblyopinine rove beetle from the earliest Miocene Foulden Maar fossil- Lagerstätte, New Zealand J. Jenkins Shaw1, A. Solodovnikov2, M. Bai1 & U. Kaulfuss3 1Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences 2Natural History Museum of Denmark, Zoological Museum 3Department of Animal Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Göttingen, Germany @jenksshaw Personal Website #SBEmeeting2020 Paper!

2. • Foulden Maar, Otago, New Zealand • Earliest Miocene (23.2 ± 0.2 Ma) • Rainforest environment • Forest floor: ants, beetles inc. Staphylinidae, Cerambycidae, Chrysomelidae, Curculionidae & poss. Hydrophilidae known Introduction Reconstruction By Paula Peters • Family: Staphylinidae (rove beetles) • 64,000 species (936 in NZ, mostly endemic) • Tribe: Amblyopinini • Mostly Gondwanan distribution • Ca. 90 species in NZ (all endemic) Lee et al., 2016 An Amblyopinini rove beetle from New Guinea

3. Materials & methods • Single compression fossil • Rather poorly preserved • Deposited in Museum of the Geology Department, University of Otago, New Zealand Foulder crater and fossil pit (Uwe Kaulfuss)

4. • Placement in Amblyopinini • Formation of setae on elytra and abdomen • Scutellum with anterior scutellar ridge only • Placement in extant genus • Sphingoquedius meto New species • Autapomorphy: microsculpture of pronotum Results Sphingoquedius strandi Bernhauer, 1941

5. Discussion & conclusion • Represents fauna after partial or complete submergence of NZ • Likely belongs to clade of NZ+AUS taxa recovered by molecular data • Potential future minimum-age calibration for dated phylogeny • Other rove beetle fossils to be studied Jenkins Shaw et al., 2020 Uwe Kaulfuss Uwe Kaulfuss Cooper & Cooper, 1995