CloudStack is an open-source cloud computing platform that provides infrastructure as a service. It allows users to provision resources such as virtual servers and networking on demand through a self-service web portal. CloudStack can manage tens of thousands of servers across multiple geographically distributed datacenters and supports multiple hypervisors including XenServer, KVM, and vSphere. It provides high availability, scalability, and automation of infrastructure management.

1. BigData/Cloud Evangelist, InMobi
Iliyas Shirol
CloudStack For
Beginners

2. # OpenSource Evangelist and FOSS promoter
since 2004
# Founder of LOAD (Linux On A Desktop) project.
# SysAdmin, DBA and an Ethical Hacker
# And yeah, I love to be on Cloud 
$ whoami

3. $ whoareu
# Experience with Cloud ?
# Experience with CloudStack ?
# Which other IaaS platforms do you use ?
# Any expectations ? :)

5. $ Agenda
• Overview of CloudStack
• CloudStackArchitecture
• Demo of CloudStack
• Q&A

6. $ What is Cloud Computing?
VirtualizationCloud

7. Server Virtualization++ Cloud
Built for traditional
enterprise apps & client-
server compute
• Enterprise arch for 100s of
hosts
• Scale-up (server clusters)
• Apps assume reliability
• IT Mgmt-centric [1:Dozens]
• Proprietary vendor stack
Designed around big data,
massive scale & next-gen
apps
• Cloud architecture for 1000s
of hosts
• Scale-out (multi-site server
farms)
• Apps assume failure
• Autonomic [1:1,000’s]
• Open, value-added stack
Think: vCloud Director Think: AWS, RAX, zCloud,
eBay, etc.
…but adoption of new
cloud architecture is the
future
Enterprises should, and
will, make SV 1.0 more
cloud-like…
• 10x more
scaleable
• 2-5x lower
cost
• 100% more
open

8. • Secure, multi-tenant cloud
orchestration platform
– Turnkey platform for delivering
IaaS clouds
– Hypervisor agnostic
– Massively scalable, secure and
open
– Open source, open standards
– Deploys on premise or as a
hosted solution
• Deliver cloud services
faster and at a fraction of
the cost
$ What is CloudStack?
Build your cloud the way the
world’s most successful
clouds are built

9. $ CloudStack Background
• OpenSource IaaS platform, now underASL 2.0
license
• A proven cloud platform
– Developed since 2008 by Cloud.com
– Acquired by Citrix in 2011
– Citrix donated toApache Software Foundation (ASF) in
April 2012
– Version 4.2.0 available for download at
http://cloudstack.apache.org/downloads.html
– Powering some of the world’s largest clouds today.

10. $ Architecture / Language
• Java application
• Tomcat6,Axis2, Mavenbuild + ant
– Antgoingawayin4.1
• Movingtowards a plugin architecture

11. $ CloudStack Supports Multiple
Cloud Strategies
Multi-tenant
Public Cloud
• Dedicated
resources
• Security & total
control
• Internal network
• Managed by
Enterprise or 3rd
party
• Mix of shared
and dedicated
resources
• Elastic scaling
• Pay as you go
• Public
internet, VPN
access
Hosted
Enterprise
Cloud
• Dedicated
resources
• Security
• SLA bound
• 3rd party
owned and
operated
Private Clouds Public Clouds
On-premise
Enterprise
Cloud

12. Compute
CloudStack Provides On-demand
Access to Infrastructure Through a
Self-Service Portal
Citrix Confidential - Do Not Distribute
Network Storage
Admin
Users
Org A
Admin
Users
Org B
Users
End User
Admin

13. “CloudStack 3.0 is open
source, but it is NOT based
on OpenStack”
$ What About OpenStack?

14. What can CloudStack
do?

15. • CloudStack can manage tens of thousands of servers
installed in multiple geographically distributed datacenters
• The centralized management server scales linearly,
eliminating the need for intermediate cluster-level
management servers
• No single component failure can cause cloud-wide outage
• Periodic maintenance of the management server can be
performed without affecting the functioning of virtual
machines running in the cloud
$ Massively Scalable Infrastructure
Management

16. • A single cloud deployment can contain multiple
hypervisors
• Including Citrix XenServer, Oracle VM, KVM and
vSphere
• Freedom to choose the right hypervisor for
the workload
$ Multiple Hypervisor Support

17. • CloudStack automatically configures each guest
virtual machine’s networking and storage settings
• CloudStack internally manages a pool of virtual
appliances to support the cloud itself
• These appliances offer services such as
firewalling, routing, DHCP, VPN access, console
proxy, storage access, and storage replication
$ Automatic Configuration Management

18. • CloudStack offers an administrator's
Web interface, used for provisioning
and managing the cloud
• Also used as an end-user's Web
interface for running VMs and
managing VM templates
• The UI can be customized to reflect
the desired service provider or
enterprise look and feel
$ Graphical User Interface

19. • CloudStack provides an API that gives
programmatic access to all the management
features available in the UI
• The API enables the creation of command line
tools and new user interfaces to suit particular
needs
$ API and Extensibility

20. • The CloudStack platform has a number of features to increase
the availability of the system
• The Management Server may be deployed in a multi-node
installation where the servers are load balanced
• The CloudStack Database may be configured to use replication
to provide for a manual failover in the event of database loss
• For the Hosts, the CloudStack platform supports NIC bonding
and the use of separate networks for storage as well as iSCSI
Multipath
$ High Availability

21. End-User Experience

22. Select Operating
System
• Windows, Linux
Select Compute
Offering
• CPU & RAM
Select Data Disk
Offering
• Volume Size
Select Network Offering
• Network & Services
Create VM
$ Create Custom Virtual Machines
via Service Offerings

23. $ Dashboard Provides Overview of
Consumed Resources
Citrix Confidential - Do Not Distribute
• Running, Stopped &
Total VMs
• Public IPs
• Private networks
• Latest Events

24. $ Virtual Machine Management
Users
Start
Stop
Restart
Destroy
VM Operations Console Access
• CPU Utilized
• Network Read
• Network Writes
VM Status
Change
Service Offering
2 CPUs
1 GB
RAM
20 GB
20
Mbps
4 CPUs
4 GB
RAM
200 GB
100
Mbps

25. $ Volume & Snapshot Management
Volume
VM 1Add / Delete
Volumes
Schedule
Snapshots
Hourly
Daily
Weekly
Monthly
Now
Create Templates
from Volumes
Volume Template
View Snapshot
History 12/2/2012 7.30 am
….
2/2/2012 7.30 am

26. $ Network & Network Services
• Create Networks and attach
VMs
• Acquire public IP address for
NAT & load balancing
• Control traffic to VM using
ingress and egress firewall
rules
• Set up rules to load balance
traffic between VMs

27. Cloud Architecture

28. $ Open Platform to Suit Customer Needs
Compute
XenServer VMware KVMOracle VM Bare metal
Hypervisor
Storage
Local Disk iSCSI NFS
Fiber
Channel
Swift
Block & Object
Network
Network
Type
Isolation
Load
balancer
Firewall VPN
Network & Network Services

29. $ Multi-tenancy & Account Management
Cloud • Domain is a unit of
isolation that
represents a customer
org, business unit or a
reseller
• Domain can have
arbitrary levels of sub-
domains
• A Domain can have
one or more accounts
• An Account represents
one or more users and
is the basic unit of
isolation
• Admin can limit
resources at the
Account or Domain
Admin
Org A
Admin
Reseller A
Domain
Domain
Admin
Org C
Sub-Domain
User 1
User 2
Group B
Account
Group A
Account
VMs, IPs,
Snapshots…
VMs, IPs,
Snapshots…
Resources
Resources

30. • ACloudStack installation consists of two parts
• The Management Server
• The cloud infrastructure that it manages
$ Architecture
Machine 1
Managem
ent
Server
Machine 2
Hyperviso
r
Simplified view of a basic
deployment

31. • Manages the assignment of guest VMs to
particular hosts
• Manages the assignment of public and private IP
addresses to particular accounts
• Manages the allocation of storage to guests as
virtual disks
• Manages snapshots, templates, and ISO
images, possibly replicating them across data
centers
• Provides a single point of configuration for the
$ The Management Server

32. • Provides the web user interface for the
administrator and a reference user interface for
end users
• Provides the APIs for the CloudStack platform
$ The Management Server

33. • All CloudStack objects are stored in the
CloudStack Database
• CloudStack tracks changes in the database
• CloudStack uses MySQL for the database
• Multiple DB servers & replication is possible
$ CloudStack Management Server
Database

34. • A host is a single computer
• Hosts provide the computing
resources that run the guest virtual
machines
• Each host has hypervisor software
installed to manage guest VMs
• The host is the smallest
organizational unit within a
CloudStack deployment
$ Cloud Infrastructure - Host

35. Cluster
• Aclusters consists of one or more hosts
• Provides away to group hosts
• With one primary storage server
• One primarystorage serverper clusteristypical
• Can use localstorage on each host
• The hosts in a cluster:
• Haveidenticalhardware
• Run the same hypervisor
• Are on the same subnet
• Accessthe sameshared primarystorage
• Virtual machine instances can be live-migrated
from one host to another within the same cluster
$ Cloud Infrastructure - Cluster
Primary
Storage
V
M

36. Pod
• A pod consist of one or more
clusters
• A pod often represents a single
rack
• Hosts in the same pod are in the
same subnet
$ Cloud Infrastructure - Pod

37. Zone
• Azone consists of one or more pods
• Plus secondary storage
• Shared by all the pods in the zone
• Often corresponds to a single
datacenter, but multiple zones are
permitted
• Organizing infrastructure into zones
provides physical isolation and
redundancy
$ Cloud Infrastructure - Zone
Secondar
y
Storage

38. • Primary storage is associated with a
cluster
• Stores the disk volumes for all the VMs
running on hosts in a cluster
• Shared storage is normally
recommended
• NFS
• iSCSI
• Fibre Channel
• But, some situations use local storage
• Where high availability isn't needed
• Where greater disk I/O is needed
$ Cloud Infrastructure – Primary Storage

39. • Stores:
• Templates - OS images used to create VMs
• ISO Images - Images that can be bootable or
non-bootable
• Disk volume snapshots (saved copies of VM
data)
• Secondary storage available to all
hosts in the zone
• Secondary storage must be NFS
• Or NFS + Swift
$ Cloud Infrastructure – Secondary
Storage
•Secondary storage is Associated with a zone

40. Zone
• One or more hosts grouped
into a cluster
• One or more clusters
grouped into a pod
• One or more pods grouped
into a zone
• One or more zones
controlled by one
management server
$ Cloud Infrastructure -
Summary
Pod
Second
ary
Storag
e
CloudStack
Management
Server

41. $ Cloud Infrastructure – Basic
Networking
• Basic Shared Public
Network
• All zone tenants share a single flat
public network
• Tenant isolation provided by
Security Groups
• Hypervisor level firewall IP Address filtering
• Layer 3 Isolation
• Scales much better than VLANs
• CloudStack virtual system router
provides
• DHCP
• DNS
Customer 1 Customer 2
192.168.1.55192.168.1.56192.168.1.57 192.168.1.58192.168.1.59192.168.1.60
Intern
et
Physica
l Router
CS
Virtual
Router
VM
1
VM
2
VM
3
VM
1
VM
2
VM
3
Public Network

42. • Advanced networking provides:
• Multiple VLANs for isolation
• L2TP-based VPN
• Virtual router is gateway
• Load balancer available
• 1:1 NAT
• Metering data
• One virtual router per account
• Does not scale as well
$ Cloud Infrastructure – Advanced
Networking
Intern
et
Physica
l Router
CS
Virtual
Router
VM
1
VM
2
VM
3
CS
Virtual
Router
VM
1
VM
2
VM
3
Public Network
Customer Private
Networks
Customer 1 Customer 2
VLAN 100 VLAN 200

43. Layer-2
Switch
Internet
Router &
Firewall
$ Cloud Infrastructure – Small-Scale
Network
Second
ary
Storage
Primary
Storage
Computing Nodes
Management
Server
Public IP
50.43.51.125 192.168.10.0/24
192.168.1
0.22
192.168.10.15 192.168.10.12
IP addresses are
192.168.1
0.23
192.168.10
.24
192.168.1
0.21

44. $ Cloud Infrastructure – Large-Scale
Redundant Network
Secondary
Storage Servers
Primary
Storage
NFS
Secondary
Storage
Pod1
Pod2
Managemen
t Server
Cluster
Layer-3 switches with
firewall modules
Layer-2 switches
Internet
Primary
Storage
Primary
Storage
Primary
Storage
NFS
Secondary
Storage
Internet
Computing Nodes
Primary
Storage Servers

45. $ Cloud Infrastructure – Multi-Site
Deployment
• Single Management Server can
manage multiple zones
• Zones can be geographically
distributed
• Low latencylinksrequired
• 5-10K hosts per Management
Server
• Multiple MS nodes can be
deployed as cluster for scale or
redundancy

46. Data Center 1
$ Cloud Infrastructure – Multi-Site
Deployment
Availabi
lity
Zone 1
Primary
Managemen
t Server Data Center
2
Secondar
y
Mgmt
Server
MySQL
Replication
Data Center 3
Data Center
4
Availability
Zone 2
Availability
Zone 3
Availability
Zone 4

47. Let’s Build Our Cloud 

48. • CloudStack requires at a
minimum:
• Aserver to host the Management Server
• APC for the management console
• AHypervisor or Bare Metal machine
• NFS shared storage
• A1GB or above network
$ CloudStack Requirements
NFS Server
Primary
Storage
Secondar
y Storage
CloudStack
Management
Serveradmin
Console

49. • Operating system: RHEL/CentOS 6.2 64-bit only
• 64-bit x86 CPU (more cores results in better
performance)
• 4 GB of memory
• 250 GB of local disk Minimum (500 GB is
recommended)
• At least 1 NIC (Gigabit Network is recommended)
• Statically allocated IP address
• Fully qualified domain name as returned by the
$ Management Server (Minimum
Requirements)

50. • CloudStack needs two types of storage
• Primary storage is used for storing the guest VM
root disks as well as additional data disk volumes
• Secondary storage is used for templates ISOs &
snapshots
• Primary Storage can be any storage (including
local) that is supported by the hypervisor
• Secondary Storage must be NFS or NFS+Swift
$ Storage Requirements

51. • Hardware should be supported by hypervisor
vendor
• Memory and CPU should planned like any
capacity planning
• Citrix XenServer® 6.0.0 + CSP
• VMware vSphere 4.1™/ VMware vSphere 5 ™
with at least Standard license (with vMotion)
• KVM running on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.2
• OVM Server v2.3
$ Hosts (Hypervisors) Requirements

52. • 1 GB or 10 GB Network
• IP range for Private Network & Public Network excluded
from local DHCP
• Managed Switches with VLAN Trunking (if using
Advanced Network)
• Static IPs for all major components (CloudStack, Hosts,
NFS server)
• Connectivity between CloudStack, hosts and NFS
• NTP setup on all servers is highly recommended
$ Network Requirements

53. $ Prepare the Operating System
• Configure the hostname
– hostname --fqdn
• Configure the network
– ping cloudstack.org
• Change mode of SELinux to ‘permissive’

54. $ Configure the YUM repo
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/cloudstack.repo
[cloudstack]
name=cloudstack
baseurl=http://cloudstack.apt-get.eu/rhel/4.1/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

55. $ Install Management Server
yum install cloudstack-management

56. $ Storage Configuration
• Export /primary and /secondary from the
Management server.
• Enable rpcbind & nfs to start at boot.
– chkconfig nfs rpcbind on
• showmount -e

57. $ Install vhd-util (Only for
XenServer)
wget -c
http://download.cloud.com.s3.amazona
ws.com/tools/vhd-util
cp vhd-util /usr/share/cloudstack-
common/scripts/vm/hypervisor/xenserv
er/

58. $ Install the Database Server
• yum install mysql-server
• Add the params to my.cnf
innodb_rollback_on_timeout=1
innodb_lock_wait_timeout=600
max_connections=350
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog-format = 'ROW'

59. $ Setup the database
cloudstack-setup-databases
cloud:cloud@localhost --deploy-
as=root
* Runs the SQL and creates the necessary
databases.

60. • cloudstack-setup-management
– Setup iptables, sudoers & starts the management server.

61. $ Prepare the System VM
Template
/usr/share/cloudstack-
common/scripts/storage/secondary/cloud-
install-sys-tmplt -m /secondary -u
http://download.cloud.com/templates/acton/
acton-systemvm-02062012.vhd.bz2 -h
xenserver
Installation Complete 

62. Login Into The UI
http://x.x.x.x:8080/client

63. $ The Future Needs You
• Project website : http://cloudstack.apache.org/
• Mailing lists :
– users-subscribe@cloudstack.apache.org
– dev-subscribe@cloudstack.apache.org
• IRC: #CloudStack on irc.freenode.net
• Join your local CloudStack group 
– http://www.meetup.com/CloudStack-Bangalore-Group

64. © 2010 Wipro Ltd - Confidential64

65. BigData/Cloud Evangelist, InMobi
Email : iliyas dot shirol at gmail dot com
Iliyas Shirol
Questions ?