5. 4
5
4 5
Art of Mixing Drinks.
Preparation
Cocktails/Martini
While variations are many, a standard
modern martini is a five to one ratio, made
by combining approximately two and a
half ounces (or 75ml) of gin and one half
ounce (or 15ml) of sweet or dry vermouth
with ice. Many Europeans prefer somewhat
less vermouth—about a six to one propor-
tion of gin or vodka to vermouth; however,
there are also Americans who might favor
this proportion.[4] Many bartending
schools insist that a cocktail shaker tends
to dull the taste of the vermouth,[citation
needed] and some argue that it sharpens
the taste of gin by “bruising” the liquid.
However, it is relatively common to see a
bartender mix a martini with a shaker due
express volatile oils onto the surface of the
drink).
While the standard martini may call
for a five to one ratio of distilled spirits to
vermouth, aficionados of the dry martini
may reduce the proportion of vermouth
drastically for a drier martini. Connois-
seurs boast of sweetening the cocktail by
merely coating the glass with vermouth.
[citation needed] It is said that a “Churchill
martini” contains no vermouth, just British
gin.[citation needed] The legend holds that
Churchill would get as close to the ver-
mouth bottle as to “look at it from across
the room”. This would make it very dry
or a so-called “Churchill martini” On the
other hand, some experts strongly object to
this practice, arguing that a cocktail with
one predominant ingredient is no cocktail
at all, and furthermore, that the term “dry”
has nothing to do with the gin-to-vermouth
ratio, but with the use of dry, white, French
vermouth instead of sweet, red, Italian
vermouth.[5]
Some aficionados avoid imparting
excessive flavors to their martinis. If they
do use an olive, it is either unstuffed or is
stuffed with something as neutral as an
almond; the olive itself is rinsed of any
brine or vinegar solution prior to use. The
olive is then slipped into the martini so as
not to disturb the fine mixture of gin and
vermouth. A “lemon twist” is considered a
more delicate garnish because of its mild
and complementary flavor accent. In this
case, a special lemon peeler might strip off
a slender rope of lemon (including the pith)
while the lemon is held carefully above the
nearly finished martini. This orientation al-
lows the mist of lemon oils to gently spray
the top of the cocktail.
Classic martini recipes from the early
part of the 20th century use a gin-to-
vermouth ratio as low as 2:1. The most
common ratio for a classic, as opposed to
a modern, martini is 3:1.[citation needed]
The broad variation of gin to vermouth
ratios is the source of much discussion and
martini is a descendant of the Martinez,
an older, sweeter cocktail consisting of two
ounces of sweet vermouth, one ounce Old
Tom gin (a sweetened variant), two dashes
maraschino liqueur, and one dash bitters,
shaken with ice, strained, and served with
a twist of lemon.[6] The Martinez was most
likely invented in Martinez, California,
where a plaque commemorating the birth
of the martini can be found on the north-
east corner of the intersection of Alhambra
Avenue and Masonic Street. The earliest
known reference to the Martinez is found
in The Bon Vivant’s Companion: Or How
to Mix Drinks (1887 edition), authored
by “Professor” Jerry Thomas, the head
bartender at many famous watering holes,
including the Occidental Hotel in San
Francisco.
According to George A. Zabriske, who
republished the original book in 1928,
Thomas had a client who took a ferry
from the Occidental Hotel on Montgomery
Street to Martinez, then the state capital of
6 7
his loop, ends up in a struggle trying to kill old Joe. Stealing a map containing coordi-
nates and a code from old Joe, young Joe then flees when Kid Blue (Segan) and Abe’s
men appear with the intent to kill them.
Young Joe, following the map, reaches a farm house owned by Sara (Blunt) and her
son Cid (Gagnon). When Joe shows Sara the map, Sara recognizes the code as Cid’s
birthday along with the zip code of the hospital he was born in, prompting Joe to dis-
cover old Joe is going to kill the three children that could become the Rainmaker. Joe then
decides to wait at the farm for the arrival of his older self, and becomes close to Sara. Joe
soon learns that Sara is a telekinetic, and that Cid was raised by Sara’s sister for most of
his life until she was accidentally killed by Cid. One morning, they are attacked by one of
Abe’s thugs named Jesse (Dillahunt), who is killed when Cid falls into a rage and lets out a
large telekinetic blast. Cid’s extraordinary telekinetic powers – which are far more power-
In the year 2044, 25-year-old Joseph Simmons (Gordon-Levitt),
works for a mafia company in Kansas City as a “looper”. Led by a man
sent from the future named Abe (Daniels), loopers kill and dispose of
victims sent back in time from 2074, and are paid by employers with
bars of silver attached to the target. Additionally, when a looper is
retired, the looper’s future self is sent back in time exactly thirty years
as a routine target, but with a gold bar payment; this event is referred
to as “closing the loop”, and, similarly to routine hits, carries serious
consequences if not carried out.
One night, Seth (Dano), Joe’s friend and a fellow looper who is a
telekinetic, visits him in a panic; on the verge of closing his own loop,
Seth’s future self (Brennan) warned him of a mysterious character
MAGAZINES
4
5
4 5
The martini is a cocktail made with
gin and dry white vermouth or sweet red
vermouth, although substituting vodka for
gin is now common. The drink is almost
universally garnished with an olive. It is
often described as being “crisp” or “as-
tringent”. Over the years, the martini has
become one of the most well-known mixed
alcoholic beverages. H. L. Mencken once
called the martini “the only American in-
vention as perfect as the sonnet”, and E. B.
White called it “the elixir of quietude”. It is
the proverbial drink of the one-time “three-
martini lunch” of business executives, now
largely abandoned as part of companies’
“fitness for duty”[3] programs.
The martini is one of six basic drinks
listed in David A. Embury’s classic The Fine
Art of Mixing Drinks.
Preparation
Cocktails/Martini
While variations are many, a standard
modern martini is a five to one ratio, made
by combining approximately two and a
half ounces (or 75ml) of gin and one half
ounce (or 15ml) of sweet or dry vermouth
with ice. Many Europeans prefer somewhat
less vermouth—about a six to one propor-
tion of gin or vodka to vermouth; however,
there are also Americans who might favor
this proportion.[4] Many bartending
schools insist that a cocktail shaker tends
to dull the taste of the vermouth,[citation
needed] and some argue that it sharpens
the taste of gin by “bruising” the liquid.
However, it is relatively common to see a
bartender mix a martini with a shaker due
Martini
(cocktail)
in part to the influence of fictional super-
spy James Bond, who asked for his vodka
martinis “shaken, not stirred” (such a mar-
tini is traditionally referred to as a “Brad-
ford”). The ingredients are mixed then
strained and served “up” (without ice) in a
chilled cocktail glass, and garnished with
either an olive or a twist of lemon (a strip
of the peel, usually squeezed or twisted to
express volatile oils onto the surface of the
drink).
While the standard martini may call
for a five to one ratio of distilled spirits to
vermouth, aficionados of the dry martini
may reduce the proportion of vermouth
drastically for a drier martini. Connois-
seurs boast of sweetening the cocktail by
merely coating the glass with vermouth.
[citation needed] It is said that a “Churchill
martini” contains no vermouth, just British
gin.[citation needed] The legend holds that
Churchill would get as close to the ver-
mouth bottle as to “look at it from across
the room”. This would make it very dry
or a so-called “Churchill martini” On the
other hand, some experts strongly object to
this practice, arguing that a cocktail with
one predominant ingredient is no cocktail
at all, and furthermore, that the term “dry”
has nothing to do with the gin-to-vermouth
ratio, but with the use of dry, white, French
vermouth instead of sweet, red, Italian
vermouth.[5]
Green olives stuffed with pimento are a
classic martini garnish.
Although it started with olive as a gar-
nish, olive juice can be added to a martini
to make it a dirty martini. The taste of olive
distracts from the taste of straight gin and
vermouth, easing the stiffness of the drink.
Some aficionados avoid imparting
excessive flavors to their martinis. If they
do use an olive, it is either unstuffed or is
stuffed with something as neutral as an
almond; the olive itself is rinsed of any
brine or vinegar solution prior to use. The
olive is then slipped into the martini so as
not to disturb the fine mixture of gin and
vermouth. A “lemon twist” is considered a
more delicate garnish because of its mild
and complementary flavor accent. In this
case, a special lemon peeler might strip off
a slender rope of lemon (including the pith)
while the lemon is held carefully above the
nearly finished martini. This orientation al-
lows the mist of lemon oils to gently spray
the top of the cocktail.
Classic martini recipes from the early
part of the 20th century use a gin-to-
vermouth ratio as low as 2:1. The most
common ratio for a classic, as opposed to
a modern, martini is 3:1.[citation needed]
The broad variation of gin to vermouth
ratios is the source of much discussion and
speculation.
Another common variation is the vodka
martini, made with vodka instead of gin.
In the 1990s, the vodka martini sup-
planted the traditional gin-based martini
in popularity.[citation needed] Today,
when bar and restaurant customers order
a “martini”, they frequently have in mind
a drink made with vodka. Martini purists
decry this development: while few object
to the drink itself, they strenuously object to
it being called a martini. The martini, they
insist, is a gin-based cocktail; this varia-
tion should be designated as such, with the
name “vodka martini” (or “vodkatini”, or
“kangaroo”). Further confusion may arise
from confusing Martini vermouth, a brand
of vermouth, with the martini cocktail.
A more recent development that further
offends martini purists is the use of “mar-
tini” (or the suffix “-tini”) to refer to any
beverage served in a cocktail glass, such
as the appletini, the chocolatini, or the
pineapple martini.
History of the drink
The origin of the martini is uncertain.
By one widely disseminated account, the
martini is a descendant of the Martinez,
an older, sweeter cocktail consisting of two
ounces of sweet vermouth, one ounce Old
Tom gin (a sweetened variant), two dashes
maraschino liqueur, and one dash bitters,
shaken with ice, strained, and served with
a twist of lemon.[6] The Martinez was most
likely invented in Martinez, California,
where a plaque commemorating the birth
of the martini can be found on the north-
east corner of the intersection of Alhambra
Avenue and Masonic Street. The earliest
known reference to the Martinez is found
in The Bon Vivant’s Companion: Or How
to Mix Drinks (1887 edition), authored
by “Professor” Jerry Thomas, the head
bartender at many famous watering holes,
including the Occidental Hotel in San
Francisco.
According to George A. Zabriske, who
republished the original book in 1928,
Thomas had a client who took a ferry
from the Occidental Hotel on Montgomery
Street to Martinez, then the state capital of
6 7
LoopeR
called the Rainmaker, who overran the
future crime bosses and was retiring all
of the loopers’ contracts in 2074, result-
ing in numerous premature looper deaths.
Hesitating, Seth unintentionally allowed his
future self to escape, and is being hunted
by his employers for failing to close his
own loop. Joe hides Seth in his apartment
and is taken to Abe; under threat of losing
half of all his silver, Joe reluctantly tells Abe
where he hid Seth. Mutilating the young
version of Seth, Abe scares the future Seth
into returning by violently damaging his
past self’s body; upon returning, however,
the future Seth is killed to close his loop.
Joe later closes his own loop, not
knowing that he shot his older self (Willis)
because his older self’s head was covered
with a bag. He retires to Shanghai, China,
where he later falls in love and mar-
ries. After his 30 years pass, Joe is taken
from his home to be sent back to 2044 to
close the loop, but his wife is killed in the
process. Fighting and killing his captors
as a result, Joe returns to 2044 unmasked
and unbound, allowing him to surprise his
younger self and avoid death. Later meet-
ing his younger self, old Joe explains he
still returned to 2044 to kill the Rainmaker
as a child. Young Joe, still trying to close
his loop, ends up in a struggle trying to kill old Joe. Stealing a map containing coordi-
nates and a code from old Joe, young Joe then flees when Kid Blue (Segan) and Abe’s
men appear with the intent to kill them.
Young Joe, following the map, reaches a farm house owned by Sara (Blunt) and her
son Cid (Gagnon). When Joe shows Sara the map, Sara recognizes the code as Cid’s
birthday along with the zip code of the hospital he was born in, prompting Joe to dis-
cover old Joe is going to kill the three children that could become the Rainmaker. Joe then
decides to wait at the farm for the arrival of his older self, and becomes close to Sara. Joe
soon learns that Sara is a telekinetic, and that Cid was raised by Sara’s sister for most of
his life until she was accidentally killed by Cid. One morning, they are attacked by one of
Abe’s thugs named Jesse (Dillahunt), who is killed when Cid falls into a rage and lets out a
large telekinetic blast. Cid’s extraordinary telekinetic powers – which are far more power-
In the year 2044, 25-year-old Joseph Simmons (Gordon-Levitt),
works for a mafia company in Kansas City as a “looper”. Led by a man
sent from the future named Abe (Daniels), loopers kill and dispose of
victims sent back in time from 2074, and are paid by employers with
bars of silver attached to the target. Additionally, when a looper is
retired, the looper’s future self is sent back in time exactly thirty years
as a routine target, but with a gold bar payment; this event is referred
to as “closing the loop”, and, similarly to routine hits, carries serious
consequences if not carried out.
One night, Seth (Dano), Joe’s friend and a fellow looper who is a
telekinetic, visits him in a panic; on the verge of closing his own loop,
Seth’s future self (Brennan) warned him of a mysterious character
