Rice production is one of the most significant sources of food in Europe and America, and it significantly affects the socioeconomic health of the entire world. (Halwart M. , 2006). It is a rich source of carbs and certain micronutrients, and there is much room to improve the nutritional content of paddy diets through biofortification, production optimization, and dietary variety. Rice production for consumption involves major contributions from women. However, there are still a number of barriers or inequities that women must overcome in order to access resources like knowledge and factors of production. The main driving force behind the factors is rice production, which aggressively tackles the difficult challenge of ensuring global food security in order to guarantee constantly high development. Greater per capita income boosts Gross National Indices to meet the community's expectations of socioeconomic progress, even as eradicating poverty has become a terrible battle owing to doubts over whether it can be accomplished. With the right technological, institutional, and regulatory support, rice farming, processing, and marketing might offer equal work opportunities for men and women while also empowering women, therefore boosting food security and reducing poverty (WORLD FOOD BANK, 2018). The fundamental changes in the economies of various Asian nations are having an impact on rice production. Because land consolidation and mechanization are providing farmers with previously unheard of opportunities to escape poverty, the earlier tendency toward small, manually run farms is shifting in these countries' so-called "dynamic zones." When contrasted to farmland managed by men, such gender disparities cause the output of farms run by women to plummet by 20– 30%. Additional growth effects, including modern contraceptives, maternity, infant, and children's health, nutritious food, education, and food security, are also hampered by these inequities.

1. i
EFFECT OF RICE FARMING ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC GROWTH IN LOCAL
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY OF KIRYANDONGO
SUB-COUNTY
BY
JOHN MUT PHAM
21KUPGDEPP/212123
A RESEARCH PROPOSAL REPORT PRESENTED TO GRADUATE SCHOOL AND
RESEARCH DIRECTORATE IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF A POST GRADUATE
DIPLOMA IN ECONOMIC POLICY AND PLANNING OF
KAMPALA UNIVERSITY
NOVEMBER, 2021

2. ii
DECLARATION
I John Mut Pham, declare to the best of my ability that this research proposal report is the
result of my own efforts and has never been submitted for any academic award at any other
university or institution.
Sign: …………………………… Date: ………………..…
John Mut Pham

3. iii
APPROVAL
This proposal, whose topic is the effect of rice farming on poverty reduction and socio-
economic growth in local community development, has been submitted for appraisal with my
approval as the academic research supervisor of Kampala University.
Sign: …………………………… Date: ………………..…
Mr. Henry Stanley Mbowa
Supervisor

4. iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION.......................................................................................................................ii
APPROVAL ............................................................................................................................ iii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS...................................................................................................vi
CHAPTER ONE ......................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................1
1.0 Introduction..........................................................................................................................1
1.1 Background of the Study .....................................................................................................1
1.2 Problem Statement...............................................................................................................4
1.3 Purpose of the Study............................................................................................................6
1.4 Objective of the Study .........................................................................................................6
1.5 Research Questions..............................................................................................................6
1.6. Hypotheses of the Study .....................................................................................................6
1.7 Scope of the Study ...............................................................................................................6
1.7.1 Geographical Scope ..........................................................................................................6
1.7.2 Subject Scope....................................................................................................................7
1.7.3 Time Scope .......................................................................................................................7
1.8. Rice Farming Conceptual Framework................................................................................7
1.9 Significance of the Study...................................................................................................11
CHAPTER TWO ...................................................................................................................12
LITERATURE REVIEW .....................................................................................................12
2.0 Introductions ......................................................................................................................12
2.1 Relationships between rice farming and socio-economic growth .....................................12
2.2 The impediment of rice farming ........................................................................................13
2.3 Rice Farming On High Per Capita Income........................................................................16
2.4 The Capital Resources and Rice Farming..........................................................................16
2.5 Supply of inputs and rice farming......................................................................................17

5. v
2.6 The accreditation of rice farming on productivity and sales..............................................18
2.7 Rice Farming On Unemployment Reduction ....................................................................18
2.8 Expansion of rice farming policy and Improved livelihoods.............................................19
2.9 The impact of rice farming on high per capita income......................................................19
CHAPTER THREE...............................................................................................................21
3.0 METHODOLOGY ..........................................................................................................21
3.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................21
3.2 Research design .................................................................................................................21
3.3 Data Collection Methods ...................................................................................................22
3.4 Study Population:...............................................................................................................21
3.5 Research Sample................................................................................................................21
3.6 Sampling Techniques.........................................................................................................21
3.7 Data sources and kinds.......................................................................................................22
3.8 Quality Assurance of Data.................................................................................................23
3.9 Data analysis......................................................................................................................24
REFERENCES.......................................................................................................................26
APPENDICES........................................................................................................................29
APPENDIX I: QUESTIONNAIRE .........................................................................................29
APPENDIX III: BUDGET FOR THE STUDY.......................................................................35

6. vi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
SPSS Statistical Package for Social Scientists
NARO National Agricultural Research Organization
MAAIF Ministry of Agricultural Animal Industry and Fisheries
UBOS Uganda Bureau of Statistics
MFPED Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development
KADETFU Kagera Development and Credit Revolving Fund
GDP Gross Domestic Product
FAO Food and Agricultural Organization
NNRA Nerica New Rice For Africa
MVs Modern Varieties
P.A Per Annum
DAO District Agriculture Officer
KDLG Kiryandongo District Local Government
UNRDS Uganda National Rice Development Strategy
PDU: Procurement and Disposal Unit
AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
AO Accounting Officer
BOD Board of Directors
CBOs Community Based Organizations
CIPS Chartered Institute of Purchasing and Supply
CPAR Country Procurement Assessment Report
DPP Director of Public Prosecution
EAC East African Community
GCPC Government Central Purchasing Corporation
C.A.O Chief Administrative Officer
HRM Human Resource Management
MAA Memorandum and Articles of Association
CI Certificate of Incorporation
TL Trading License
ITL Valid Income Tax Clearance Certificate
NR Non-Refundable
PA Power of Attorney
NSPPDA Non-Suspension by PPDA
KU KAMPALA UNIVERSITY

7. 1
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 Introduction
This chapter will concentrate on the introduction, background of the study, statement of the
problem, purpose of the study, objectives of the study, scope of the study, geographical
scope, subject scope, time scope, significance of the study, and conceptual framework of the
study, which describe in details how the subject of rice farming impacts the socio-economic
growth at the local community level.
1.1 Background of the Study
(North and Far Northern Queensland, 2008) In North and Far Northern Queensland,
productive rice is planted in an aerobic energy system during two distinct seasonal changes.
The system's adaptation to modern sugar and pulse cycles will be critical to the industry's
expansion and growth since rice was re-established in the north. Sun Rice committed to
northern Queensland, and since then, they have invested a lot of work in securing cropping
lands and farmer trust throughout the various coastal districts. With time, machinery for
cultivation and harvesting rice and pulses that can meet the demands of the north's rice
industry has also expanded. The major research focus areas of the Northern Australia Rice
Rural Development and Research for Profit project involve variety enhancement and
nutritional optimization. Rice breeders at the NSW Department of Primary Industries have
made substantial progress in generating cultivars that are compatible with the Australian
tropical rice system. By extending the scope of screening for disease resistance, yield
potential, and favourable rice quality measures on established lineages over several seasons
and locations, District Variety Trials (DVTs) complement the breeder based in Mackay. How
to reconcile crop nutritional demands with emerging legal requirements and crop nitrogen
requirements is a topic that will constantly be investigated. By region and time of year, in-
crop management varies. In contrast to the lengthier seasonal rainfall crop, which has lower
input and output potential, especially in rain-fed nations, the dry season crop has longer crop
days and good production possibilities but necessitates irrigation. The four main growing
regions are the Tablelands, Wet Tropics, Dry Tropics, and Central Mackay. Numerous

8. 2
challenges were found while adopting the growth and yield system, but with outstanding
agronomic advice and prompt administration, there is hope for a long-term prosperous
northern rice supply chain. The rice cultivation analysis revealed an influence in terms of
incentive stipulations and research leaders to ensure strong capacity for carrying out
vocational training across the value chain and the paddy farming system will be carried out
through local organisations and institutions. (Halwart M. , 2006) In sectoral development
initiatives, which frequently focus primarily on yield expansion, the responsibilities of
biodiversity to sustain local livelihoods are underestimated and even neglected outside of
local markets. In other areas, the growth rate has decreased by 10% to 20%. Data from 227
farms in Asia, Europe, and North America, including those in Thailand, Vietnam, Nepal,
India, China, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, will be considered for the analysis. The cause of this
falling yield is not yet understood, but it may be related to increased respiration during warm
nights, which uses energy without allowing for photosynthetic activity. More water is needed
for rice production in order to produce more grains. Long-term flooding of rice fields
deprives the soil of oxygen from the air, which causes the organic matter in the soil to
ferment anaerobically. Today, 17% of human- produced greenhouse emissions besides
carbon dioxide come from farming.
Based on a 2010 study, the rate of increase in rice production in several Asian regions has
decelerated especially in comparison to what will be discovered if the temperature as well as
radiation from the sun patterns had not happened because of increasing temperatures and
declining solar output in the subsequent years of the twenty-first century. Africa is estimated
to have a population of about 260 million people, and 4 million of those households depend
on rice farming for their daily financial survival. For roughly 66% of China's population, rice
cultivation has become the primary source of income. Rice cultivation will be practised for a
very long period. The evolution of the rice farming sector and its strategy have had a
significant impact on food production, cropping systems, rice varieties (types), and planting
machinery. Rice planting significantly boosted food security in a lot of nations. The Board of
Science and Technology for International Developments (2005) explained that rice is
primarily made of two types of rice grown in Africa, these being African rice, which is
primarily red in colour, and white rice. This information provided more realities about the
current state of rice farming in many African societies. Because of its excellent quality, Asian
rice is thought to be very advanced and prolific. The manufacturing of baby porridge and

9. 3
other manufactured items is the main application of the brownish African paddy crop in
2021.
Rice production is one of the most significant sources of food in Europe and America, and it
significantly affects the socioeconomic health of the entire world. (Halwart M. , 2006). It is a
rich source of carbs and certain micronutrients, and there is much room to improve the
nutritional content of paddy diets through biofortification, production optimization, and
dietary variety. Rice production for consumption involves major contributions from women.
However, there are still a number of barriers or inequities that women must overcome in
order to access resources like knowledge and factors of production. The main driving force
behind the factors is rice production, which aggressively tackles the difficult challenge of
ensuring global food security in order to guarantee constantly high development. Greater per
capita income boosts Gross National Indices to meet the community's expectations of
socioeconomic progress, even as eradicating poverty has become a terrible battle owing to
doubts over whether it can be accomplished. With the right technological, institutional, and
regulatory support, rice farming, processing, and marketing might offer equal work
opportunities for men and women while also empowering women, therefore boosting food
security and reducing poverty (WORLD FOOD BANK, 2018). The fundamental changes in
the economies of various Asian nations are having an impact on rice production. Because
land consolidation and mechanization are providing farmers with previously unheard of
opportunities to escape poverty, the earlier tendency toward small, manually run farms is
shifting in these countries' so-called "dynamic zones." When contrasted to farmland managed
by men, such gender disparities cause the output of farms run by women to plummet by 20–
30%. Additional growth effects, including modern contraceptives, maternity, infant, and
children's health, nutritious food, education, and food security, are also hampered by these
inequities.
To break the cycle of poverty, farmers mostly in Asian "hinterlands," ( the Caribbean rice
farming advanced technologies , 2011), the northern part of South America's action on rice
farming (2002), and Central America (2011) still need access to better technologies that will
boost productivity and help them deal with the effects of climate change. Farms are typically
big in South America's Southern Cone; there, farmers struggle with environmental
sustainability, climate change adaptation, and global market competitiveness. It is essential to
provide appealing work prospects in the rice industry due to rising young unemployment in

10. 4
some regions of the world, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, and an ageing rural population
in other regions, such as those of Asia experiencing fast structural change. However,
according to an analysis of the level of socioeconomic development, the influence was
somewhat tough. In the meanwhile, the aim, which has a profound impact on more than 660
million hectares of land and represents % of the world's Asian nations, has been planted.
More than 60% of the world's population also gets most of its food from rice production.
Since the majority of farmers, notably in Asia and Africa, have switched to being rice based
farmers, rice farming has now absorbed a significant amount of the rice food supply to the
global economic market.
Beinempaka (2008) suggested that for the best rice growing and production, irrigation use
may be essential. Rice may be cultivated in areas that are heavily flooded, but only in
puddles. On other occasions, rice can be cultivated in the water-retention bundling of marsh
edges. He continued by saying that rice required a lot of water to ensure proper germination
and development, which had a significant effect on the socioeconomic growth and well-being
of society. Severe precipitation, especially even during blooming time, hinders seed laying
and is believed to be one of the factors affecting the amount of rice yield. asserts that floods
can periodically reduce yields on rice-growing land when the soil continuously retains water
in humid conditions, especially during reproductive stages in the process. Generally speaking,
clay soils offer a larger area for supporting water storage than sandy soil. As a result, sandy
soil became susceptible to drought unless rainfall was evenly distributed throughout the
season. Meanwhile, the carbon-based substance changed the soil's ability to retain water in
rice cultivation by reducing loose density and maintaining soil porosity levels overall to
improve the rooting ecology.
1.2 Problem Statement
Millions of impoverished farmers living in the heartland, who mostly grow to ensure their
own nutrition, are still inadequately linked to the marketplace Conventional people generally
limit their options for gender mainstreaming. (Hwang, October 2019) Typically, they provide
little to no opportunity for bulk production and automation. The rice farmers work in
challenging conditions with numerous stressors, soil issues, drought, and uncontrollable
landslides. Climate change has a disproportionately negative impact on them. Such lack of
adequate access to technology could also raise overall productivity. Rice harvests could be
stabilised, or their resistance to climate change and other horrors could be strengthened,

11. 5
allowing them to improve their living conditions. By giving a little capital surplus that may
be used for business, nutritional diversification, and sending children to school to prepare
them for better employment, such an approach can provide a stepping stone out of poverty.
Home production of bio-enriched staples, such as rice, can greatly contribute to improved
health and nutrition, especially for women, children, and the sick, when the availability of a
variety of diets or food artificially fortified with minerals and vitamins is limited owing to
agro-ecosystem realities or low market access (Fabiana F. De Moura, 2014) claims that
Uganda has been having a lot of difficulty engaging in rice production at its full potential.
Poor technology or inadequate mechanisation, climate change, a lack of adequate rice acreage
due to maize and sunflower farmers controlling 80% of the land, and a lack of farmers with
the necessary skills to produce the necessary 26,000 tons of rice annually to satisfy the
increasing market pressure were the problems that face rice farming in the Kiryandongo sub-
county.
( The National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO, 2021) The lower socioeconomic
issues affecting rice production will surely be made worse by the inadequate yield, which
might ultimately lead to overdependence. It will have been the responsibility of the local
government to help rice farmers satisfy these expectations because the one rice growing
operation, they had did not generate enough to meet their daily needs and the socioeconomic
welfare of the district. This wasn't done, though. (Okello, 2019 )According to the Food and
Agriculture Organization, the average production is substantially lower than what might be
achieved or avoided by using the best methods and the technology suited for the particular
location of rice cultivation. However, because there were few opportunities to overcome this
gap through extension programs and governments made insufficient investments in
infrastructure, rice farmers were incapable of reaching their socioeconomic level
(AGRICULTURE CLUSTER DEVELOPMENT PROJECT, 2021). It was inappropriate and
enhanced as a consequence of the limited ongoing efforts to solve the problem of insufficient
production in the rice-growing industry. The strategy will need continued support for quite a
long period of time even though a strong existing influence is yet to be established.
Experience has shown that many African countries take a long time to establish the capacity
to build trustworthy practical systems for transferring rice crops from the lab to the field.
Communities and the supervisory board failed to create or improve efficient agricultural
guiding models that ought to have enabled farmers to adopt the Program Planning and
Management Team's (PPMT) early suggestions.

12. 6
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The study will be to establish the effect of rice farming on socioeconomic growth in
Kiryandongo sub-county.
1.4 Objective of the Study
(i) To identify the main resources which influence rice farming in Kiryandongo Sub County
(ii) To investigate the challenges affecting rice farming in Kiryandongo sub county
(iii) To establish a relationship between rice farming and socioeconomic growth in
Kiryandongo Sub County
1.5 Research Questions
1. What are the main resources which influence rice farming in Kiryandongo sub county?
2 Which challenges affect rice farming in Kiryandongo sub county?
3 What is relationship between rice farming and socioeconomic growth in Kiryandongo
Sub County?
1.6. Hypotheses of the Study
a) Ho: There is no relationship between rice farming and socioeconomic in Kiryandongo
Sub County
b) Ho: Rice farming is not affected by any challenges in Kiryandongo Sub County
1.7 Scope of the Study
The proportion of the research will cover the geographical scope, subject scope, time scope,
and conceptual framework of the study.
1.7.1 Geographical Scope
Kiryandongo is also a district located in the mid-western part of Uganda, with its
headquarters about 218 kilometers away from Kampala. It borders Nwoya in the north, Oyam
in the north-east, Apac in the east, Nakasongola in the south-east, Masindi in the south and
southwest, and Buliisa in the north-west. The district is at an average altitude of 1,295 meters
above sea level, situated between 122 and 220 feet north of the equator at longitudes 3122
and 3223 east of Greenwich. Kiryandongo district has a population of over 285 300 people
and an area of 3,621 square kilometers. It’s composed of one county known as Kibanda

13. 7
County with four sub counties: Mutunda, Kiryandongo, Masindi Port, and Kigumba. It has 12
parishes and 8 wards. The district, in total, has 406 villages. The district is managed and
administered in accordance with the Republic of Uganda's 1995 constitution and the Local
Government Act of 1997, as amended in 2001. It is headed by the LCV chairperson, who is
elected publicly, and the CAO, who is appointed by the president. The clients of the
Kiryandongo district local government are Ugandan citizens. All citizens of the east African
community and non-citizens who are legally residents in Kiryandongo, Uganda,
1.7.2 Subject Scope
The theme will concentrate on the elements influencing rice growing, with the goal of
enhancing the lives of the population of Kiryandongo sub county. Whereas the meaningful
storyline is involved in determining the relationship between rice farming and socioeconomic
growth in order to ensure the natives' well-being, the other narrative is concerned with the
extent to which the technology used affects the amount of rice produced, the impact of rice
farming on socioeconomic growth, and the problems encountered during the rice growing
season.
1.7.3 Time Scope
The study will cover the time scope of the period running from July 2021 to November 2021,
which is three months combined.
1.8. Rice Farming Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework will be utilised to clearly elaborate interactions between both
independent and dependent variables in order to examine rice farming and its dramatic
influence on socioeconomic progress in Kiryandongo sub-county.

14. 8
Independent variable Dependent variable
Moderating variables
Source: Developed by the researcher based in the Literature Review, 2021
Explanation of the conceptual framework
Let's start by figuring out how much rice is produced and how much rice was processed
nationally in a single year. It's possible that paddy rice from the previous year was saved for
milling in 2018, or that it was grown this season but saved for milling the following year.
Paddy rice can be grown outside of Uganda and shipped there for milling, or vice versa.
However, the quantity of paddy rice that is produced under these conditions could not
account for more than a minute portion of the national income. The degree of sustained high
growth and the overall cost of inputs used in farm production are both impacted by the output
generated by a particular input (or inputs) in the rice farming industry.
Rice cultivation provides procreative career opportunities that may prevalently assist the
impoverished and previously marginalised groups in increasing their income levels.
Increasing the production of rice for domestic use in Uganda will contribute to an
improvement in people's living standards. This will be attributable to a number of causes,
including applicable government paddy farming policy, aggressive product promotion, the
availability of improved rice varieties, and maybe other relevant components. The extension
of farmland will be more significant than higher rates of output per acre and perhaps
production of goods, notwithstanding the widespread availability of superior rice varieties
and newer, better technologies. It is critical to stress that in order to establish a green
economy; this trend must be reversed. Most of the rice imported into Uganda is broken rice,
Rice Farming
Capital resources
Supply of inputs
Production and Sales
Socioeconomic Growth
Employment
High per capita income
Improved livelihoods
Climate change
Government policy
Inflation

15. 9
paddy rice, brown rice, or rice that has been partially or completely finished. A fascinating
statistic was also discovered by the survey: most of the rice imported into Uganda is broken
rice. This astronomically high percentage of broken rice shows that there are still consumers
of subpar rice in the rising rice market.
The cultivation of rice ensured that everyone had access to enough wholesome food for a
healthy and active lifestyle. Over three billion people worldwide use rice as their main source
of sustenance, making it a substantial staple. Although rice has historically been associated
with Asian nations, it is now grown around the world. In some parts of Africa and Latin
America, it is a staple crop, and it is also gaining popularity in parts of Europe and the United
Kingdom. (Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries, 16 Apr 2019 —
November 13 2018) The crop, which is cultivated on even more than 150 million hectares
worldwide, is crucial to the economies of many countries, particularly those in Southeast
Asia, China, and India, to mention a few important ones. Notwithstanding cultural changes,
rice is predicted to be a staple nutrition crop for more than one-fifth of the world's population
over the next decade.
This emphasises its significance in maintaining food security. While rice's significance in
food and agricultural ecology is well established, traditional rice-producing nations are
experiencing issues such as dwindling arable land owing to industrialization, resource
constraints, and the consequences of climate change. Because the majority of rice is farmed
in tropical, flood-prone lowland locations, rice production is one of the crops most vulnerable
to disruption from global warming activities. Furthermore, it is susceptible to fungus that can
cause diseases such as rice blast, which has disastrous effects on crop yield and quality and is
a major concern for rice growers all over the world. Determining critical strategies to ensure
rice farming's viability and contribution to food security is thus pivotal.
(Lubega, Jul 19 2021)As soon as they rationalised positively and deliberately sought jobs in
rice farming, all unemployed farmers were recruited. Rice farming, according to will
eliminate socioeconomic disparities in income between men and women, improve food and
nutrition security, and change societal expectations by focusing on the promotion of labour-
saving technologies to increase youth and women participation in decision-making in order to
eliminate unemployment and increase the number of households.

16. 10
Royal Statistical Society (2000) The degree of change in the farming industry grows as
technology is integrated inside the rice production process, while each rice farmer's per capita
income rises. This increased productivity levels until high earners began to move up the
industrial ladder, hiring a substantial part of the country's jobless. It promotes inclusive and
sustainable industrial development (ISID) in order to maximize industry's potential
contribution to the attainment of long-term prosperity for all members of society. Rice
outputs help the bond market achieve a higher level of industrialization, and the country
benefits from the globalisation of markets for industrial products and services. Everyone
gains from industrial progress, and no one is left behind. In less than a greener paradigm,
rapid expansion in the social and general economy will be encouraged. With full capacity
modernization, the special expertise and resources of all crucial development actors are
utilised to maximise the progress of rice farming.
(Assessment of the economic , social and environmental impact of rice production in Nigeria,
2002)Equitable chances enhance socio-economic status and the growth process, which
inevitably does have an impact on the per capita income of each home in the district. As is
well known, the majority of the world's population will be fed by a rice variety known as rice.
Poor rice farmers sometimes reside in the office buildings of large multinational corporations
at the start of their careers, which dominates the atmosphere in which rice farming is
practised. In certain localities, like Uganda's Kiryandongo region, demand for rice keeps
rising, and consumers place a premium on rice as a cereal crop that is known for its excellent
quality in terms of flavour even while aiding food and nutrition security in several ways. It
improves on the continual development of sustainable high growth, from which the public
will frequently desire abnormal demand due to consumption and stock market availability.
This will also promote a consistent and positive emphasis on increased output, which will
eventually make the environment sustainable and beneficial to rice producers.
(Adeola, 2002) All rice farmers and dealers will benefit from an increase in daily earnings as
a result of the successful economic activity that rice farming contributes to. As a
consequence, they will live longer and healthier lives, which will improve their access to
education and a decent standard of living. but Gross domestic product (GDP) is one of the
most often used economic indicators (GNP). GNP, which is sometimes compared to GDP, is
a measure of the total value of all products and services generated internationally by a
country's population. Because the mathematical formulas for GNP and GNI are almost
identical, they may be used interchangeably. GNP may be calculated as follows: GNP = C + I

17. 11
+ G + X + Z. GNP/GNP and GDP, as well as GNP and GDP per capita, are equivalent;
however, there is a big difference between the two: Regardless of which country benefits
from a country's output, GDP reflects the value of all goods and services produced inside its
borders, whereas GNP/GNI reflects the value of all goods and services produced by its
citizens worldwide. In other words, GDP measures a country's whole output, whereas
GNP/GNI measures its complete revenue.
(New Vision, 2009) After agricultural workers pay taxes, there is a significant government
drive to promote inclusive income redistribution, which encourages rural communities to
improve their infrastructure and raise their life expectancy, consequently boosting the
viability of companies. Inequality is indeed increasing despite Uganda's high development
rates and huge poverty reductions. Even though GDP statistics show prosperity, the poor are
suffering while the wealthy are getting richer. According to the sources of the difference, land
is the biggest aggravating factor in this nation's growing division. When it comes to the rules
and regulations governing its use and management, affluent investors are preferred over
normal Ugandans in a country where the majority of people rely directly on land. They deny
the most vulnerable individuals access to their land rights while enriching corporations and
the wealthy.
1.9 Significance of the Study
Since the research will be examining the factors influencing rice production prior to resulting
in an increased rice yield, the findings of this study may be anticipated to assist producers in
the Kiryandongo Sub- County local government and Uganda in general in adopting good rice
farming practices and using appropriate production techniques that are environmentally
friendly. In order to increase the quality and amount of rice produced in Uganda, it is
intended that the study will aid rice farmers in their understanding of the variables
influencing rice production and how these variables really influenced the output in terms of
the quality and quantity produced.

18. 12
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introductions
This chapter will focus on the literature review, the relationship between rice farming and
socioeconomic growth, the impediments to rice farming, the effect of rice farming on
sustainable high growth, the effect of rice productivity on inclusive economic growth, the
effect of rice farming on poverty reduction, the accreditation of rice farming on trade
development, the effect of rice farming on unemployment reduction, and the expansion of
rice farming policy on improving rice farming. The chapter covers different views from
authors who have written several journals on the subject of rice farming. The literature
includes various arguments based on several studies based on research problems.
2.1 Relationships between rice farming and socio-economic growth
(Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER), 2001) Based on an
assessment of the two main criteria, decreased poverty and enhanced food security,
socioeconomic growth is extremely steady in some way, which has subsequently produced
high productivity and revenue through value addition. Whether or not it decreases food costs,
rice production contributes to socioeconomic advancement and, as a result, a stronger
national economy via various linkages that assist low-income consumers indirectly. Both rice
cultivation and social development are interdependent; one cannot live without the other.
Despite the fact that there is a much greater need for labourers, the intensity of the production
variables boosts salaries and agricultural productivity, which encourages community capital
investment and additional opportunities. In order to significantly reduce poverty, this function
improves the extension of rice producing companies. More than 80.9% of the civil population
residing in 16 African countries—excluding Uganda—has benefited from and contributed to
the socioeconomic progress brought about by the introduction of NERICA cultivars. This is
the startling conclusion regarding how boosting investments in the rice industry advances
worldwide socioeconomic development.

19. 13
2.2 The impediment of rice farming
Wetlands type, drainage intensity, and agronomic practices like fertilizer use all affect how
rice cultivation affects wetlands. The ability of the wetland to preserve and improve water
quality is negatively impacted by excessive fertilizer use, which leads to eutrophication.
Seasonal wetlands are greatly harmed by drainage for agriculture. As a result, many rice
farmers in Uganda will be forced to produce in wetlands as the country's demand for
farmland increases over time. According to reports, this method eliminated 65% of the
seasonal wetland in the (Moses, Input supply, Volumes of production, Quality Controls, Rice
Market Appraisal, Production constraints, Processing Constraints,, 2014 ).The Doho wetland
is where more than 85% of the rice produced in the Butaleja region is cultivated. The Doho
wetland serves as a significant natural flood plain for the river Manafwa, which originates in
the highlands of Bugisu and eventually empties into Lake Kyoga and the Niles. Additionally,
it is important for biodiversity and serves as a supply of wetland commodities (Wachira
Petcho, Sylvia Szabo, Kyoko Kusakabeand, Vimolwan Yukongdi, 1 October 2019). The
Doho wetland is an important area for global conservation efforts as a result. Although
guidelines for the use of wetlands for agriculture have been developed (Lv, 2019 ), they have
not yet been widely followed. The nation's existing efforts to manage and conserve wetlands
may suffer as a result, which will be detrimental. This risk-reduction component is
particularly important when dealing with a crop whose beneficiaries are almost exclusively
the poorest of the poor and on which nations' economy depend. (Omoare, 2020) Additionally,
many farmers and landless laborers depend on the biodiversity of the rice crop for nutrition
and food security. In certain rural regions, this could account for up to 70% of protein
consumption. According to latest studies, local dwellers can consume up to 100 aquatic
species gathered from rice fields in a single season. Taxes are imposed in a number of
methods and for a variety of objectives. The local environment must offer a planned diet in
order to fulfil the nutritional demands of the majority of rural households with little or no
income. The process used to produce rice has both good and harmful effects, to put it another
way. In highland rice-growing regions, in particular, there is a significant risk of
unsustainable slash-and-burn cultivation (Moses, the impact of rice cultivation on the wetland
ecosystem., 2014 ). Such methods increase topsoil erosion and surface runoff while
decreasing the diversity of the terrestrial root zone. The amount of year-round water supply
and shallow groundwater reserve are both declining. Due to increased erosion of the
floodplain, water supplies subsequently become erratic, turbid, or muddy. Additionally, the
short fallow period reduces the biodiversity of the soil and encourages the spread of pests and

20. 14
illnesses ((UNDP, 2010). The introduction of high yielding varieties (HYVs) and
monocultures in the lowland system had a significant negative impact on both socioeconomic
welfare and related environmental services provided in rice fields. Positive externalities in the
classroom have occasionally led to negative ones in the past. To get larger agricultural yields
from HYVs, more fertilizer and pesticides have to be used, along with irrigation. (Bello, 2021
)The environmental impact of rice cultivation, which occurs on wetlands and floodplains, is
that it accounts for 3-6% of yearly anthropogenic methane emissions. It is believed that
marshes and paddocks are one of the primary producers of atmospheric methane, and that
some of the current increase in methane is attributable to growing rice production (WASIM,
2002). Methane emissions will increase as more irrigated systems are developed. Most people
agree that excessive use of agrochemicals is a major contributor to polluted air, water, and
soil (IRRI, 2006).
Rice can absorb up to 40% of nitrogen fertilizer, however when applications are done at the
wrong time, this percentage lowers significantly (PAN, 2012). Under these circumstances,
the paddy field's ability to serve as a water filtration system is compromised, perhaps
resulting in ground and surface water contamination. The indiscriminate use of pesticides has
also had an adverse impact on agricultural workers' health and transferred residues
throughout the food chain. According to study conducted in the Netherlands, farmers who use
pesticides face 40% higher health-care costs than those who do not (Gu, 2022 ). Furthermore,
studies have shown that direct medical expenditures for farmers often cost more than the
marginal return from pesticide use (lower economic damage from pests) Many rice farms,
particularly those that employ intensive techniques, consume exorbitant amounts of fertilizer,
pesticides, and insecticides. Fertilizer can be applied four to five times after the required
amount has been applied. Another example of pesticide indiscriminate usage is the use of
eleven times the authorized amount of insecticides by certain persons. Government
regulations and a scarcity of knowledge about best practices don't really help. Governments,
like those in China and Vietnam, routinely encourage spraying and provide financial
assistance for chemical inputs. Truthfully, yields might be unaffected or barely impacted by a
reduction in pesticide use of up to 50%. Furthermore, long-term pesticide abuse has reduced
natural insect predators and slowed the expansion of inland fisheries, both of which have an
impact on food webs (Berg H, 2008). Spraying pesticides on the ground rendered natural
enemies inert in testing (which are important in the breakdown of organic matter and
fundamental to healthy, sustainable ecosystems). In fact, the haphazard use of pesticide can

21. 15
cause severe pest outbreaks; insects that are released from predators and have developed
resistance to particular pesticides might completely destroy crops. It costs the industry
millions of dollars annually and exposes paddy ecosystems to new degrees of vulnerability.
New techniques aiming at raising agricultural productivity and farming from two to three
harvests each year are predicted to make these epidemics worse. Water resources are strained
by the heavy irrigation required for rice cultivation. Climate change-related water shortages
might intensify tensions between agricultural and non-agricultural users. The function of the
ecosystem related to rice that is most crucial and most at risk from present intensification
methods is unquestionably biodiversity. For a very long time, conventional methods of
growing rice have been ecologically friendly. A wide variety of land and aquatic creatures
have been able to adapt to the watery habitat of rice fields because to millennia of cropping.
This setting of a rice field has a patchwork of terrestrial and aquatic habitats that are home to
a range of aquatic and freestanding plants as well as fish, amphibians, reptiles, crabs,
mollusks, and insects. Domesticated animals like cattle and ducks, migrating birds, and local
wildlife all depend on rice plants for both shelter and food (IRRI, 2009). The biodiversity of
rice has not been extensively studied in the past. When a non-intense monoculture system is
transformed into an intensive monoculture system, biodiversity suffers by an order of
magnitude. However, the long-term effects of this are still unclear (UNDP, 2010). Discussion
of biodiversity is crucial because, by sustaining species diversity and the complexity of
environmental processes, it enables rice farming systems avoid catastrophic crop failure. In
Uganda, the districts of Pallisa, Butalelja, Iganga lira, Bundibugyo, and Gulu are the main
rice-growing areas. Understanding how rice production impacts wetlands' ecological
functions and socioeconomic health requires extensive investigation. Despite the industry's
commercialization through the creation of rice schemes, rice harvests still fall short of
demand. For instance, 20% of the country's entire rice crop, or around 20,000 tons, is
produced in the Kibimba wetland each year. In certain areas of the nation, rice yields have
decreased (Wandulu, 2007; Ego, 2008), suggesting that if this plan fails, it could no longer be
a practical way to combat poverty in Uganda's rural areas. Furthermore, little research has yet
been done to examine how paddy cultivation aids in the battle against poverty.
Farmers may be pushed to cultivate the crop continuously, leaving little space for the soil to
replenish lost nutrients, or to extend the crop's area in an effort to increase yields, which is
another effect of declining yields. However, it has been revealed that ongoing farming in

22. 16
wetlands is a crucial element that puts them at risk for deterioration and potentially
extinction.
A case of rice blast caused by the fungus pricularia grisea (cooke), as well as an increase in
rice pests such leaf rollers, rice bugs, leafhoppers, and caterpillars, have also been
documented (Oonyu, 26 May, 2011 )Designing the appropriate corrective action to ensure
increased rice production will be difficult unless the pattern of pest infestation in the region is
identified. The majority of local farmers are ignorant of the guidelines provided by the
wetlands inspection division (WID) for smallholder paddy rice growing in seasonal wetlands
(WID, 2007). For example, it is recommended to alternate 2 to 5 years of rice production
with 2 to 3 years of fallow land. The rising demand on the land generated by the rapidly
expanding population is a key obstacle to fallowing. Farmers must implement the
recommended agronomic practices for cultivating rice in wetlands. This is dependent on how
capable extension staff and local governments are.
2.3 Rice Farming On High Per Capita Income
As they progress with reasonable possibilities, the effects of socioeconomic growth finally
have an impact on the per capita income of each residence. Rice farming has a greater impact
on the formation of long-term high economic growth that is quicker than the pace of
population expansion. Depending on its per capita income, a nation may raise its input in rice
productivity. Objective living circumstances for the majority have constantly improved,
proving (Todaro and Smith 2011). The abolition of poverty, inequality, and unemployment is
another reproductive consequence of rice cultivation on long-term high development in the
context of socioeconomic advancement. Todaro and Smith (2011) contend that rice
cultivation and long-term high development need fundamental adjustments to the social
structure of economic growth, the abolition of inequality, and the eradication of poverty.
2.4 The Capital Resources and Rice Farming
The National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO, 2020) claims that rice cultivation
has the effect of generating reproductive employment, which raises the incomes of the poor
and formerly excluded groups that oppose enhancements in people's quality of life through
inclusive income distribution. The environment and livelihoods may benefit from the
incorporation of various rice farming-based development techniques (CGIAR, 2017). As was
already said, rice farming offers the ideal environment for fish and other aquatic species,

23. 17
which is why rice fish systems are so common. By-products of rice production are broken
down and rice is protected by the aquaculture of insectivorous and herbivorous fish like grass
carp. Water buffalo may be utilized as an eco-friendly substitute for burning since they can
consume urea-treated rice straw and create fertilizer. Reduced pesticide, fertilizer, and
fungicide loading as well as cooperation with integrated pest management (IPM) techniques
are necessary for this method to be effective. Due to lower input costs, this technology will
also be more financially feasible. IPM rice fish farmers had the highest net income over non-
IPM rice, IPM rice, and non-IPM rice fish farmers due to the low cost and high yield in both
rice and fish, according to studies in the Mekong delta. Integrated fish-rice systems also had
the highest net income over non-IPM rice, IPM rice, and IPM rice fish farmers (Berg, H,
2002). However, while implementing such systems, it is important to take into account the
claim to these fish resources made by landless people. It is suggested to manage fisheries on a
communal basis; during times of flooding, water may be seen as community property, giving
access as well as income if sold based on participation (Dey, M.M & Prein, M. 2005) The
production of rice by fishing is exciting because it can be adapted to a variety of rice systems,
including irrigated, rain-fed, and deep-water systems. Depending on the water supply, upkeep
for each may vary greatly; shallower systems will require the building of deep ditches and
refuge ponds.
2.5 Supply of inputs and rice farming
(Diagne, 2012) There is a chance of losing the environmental benefit associated with the rice
system if rice development is employed to lower poverty in lowlands or wetlands. Using
young seedlings for early transplantation, transplanting single seedlings, maintaining larger
spacing between seedlings, choosing composite or farmyard manure synthetic fertilisers, and
carefully controlling water are the eight guiding principles of this technique. This way of
increasing rice productivity is also being considered as a potential replacement for the
excessive use of pesticides in rice cultivation. The International Rice Research Institute
(IRRI) and the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) are two organisations investigating the
feasibility of this strategy. Where soil quality is poor and water is scarce, the labour-intensive
strategy, which has received mixed reviews, is most likely to have a big impact. Furthermore,
the pesticide burden will be significantly reduced, boosting biodiversity. SRI will be most
effective in improving land resources and addressing the declining water supply.

24. 18
2.6 The accreditation of rice farming on productivity and sales
Standard increases premiums and promotes more environmentally friendly conduct in Israel.
Additionally, as the economies of these rice-producing countries develop economically, the
possibility of certification rises. Due to its existing policy of only exporting high-quality rice
and the percentage of its goods that are exported, Thailand is a formidable rival for the
worldwide rice certification. (Uganda National Rice Development Strategy (UNRDS) 2 -
JICA, 2023) The demand for organic, sustainable, and fair-trade products is growing, as is the
worldwide market for these products Given that just 7% of rice is exported internationally
and the reliance on intensive systems for inexpensive rice, it is doubtful that such
accreditation will have an effect on those systems, which are perhaps the most ecologically
destructive. Its gradual expansion also promotes the transition to more environmentally
friendly manufacturing practices. The EU has really authorized organic rice from Buririan,
which is located in north-eastern Thailand. Despite poor yields and high cost, contract
farmers produce high-quality rice and are well compensated. Contractors supplied all
materials at every level of production; as a result, they use traceable processes. However, in
Vietnam, where repressive regimes are more widespread, such a change will be significantly
more difficult. However, upland areas may benefit the most from certification. Poorer soil is
found in upland locations, the bulk of which were not included in the green revolution.
(Promotion of Rice Development Project Phase 2 (PRiDe II), 2019)Export farmers are more
likely to increase their attention around since labour costs are lower and pesticide
consumption is lower. (Nankya, 2012) Now that intensification is imminent, it is feasible to
lessen its adverse impacts by putting sustainable measures in place. But only a very small
portion of the world's rice production comes from these specialized markets. Additionally, it
does not address how to adequately balance achieving socioeconomic development and food
security goals with the unavoidable rise in rice output. While in certain places it could help to
lessen problems with the environment and poverty.
2.7 Rice Farming On Unemployment Reduction
(Bafana, 2014) The government implements a scheme to promote fair income sharing with
the mass production of 60,000 tons of rice and when farmers who sell their goods pay their
taxes, one benefit of producing rice for lowering unemployment is that. Infrastructure
improvement encourages rural residents to earn income and live longer, which increases
business profitability. On the other hand, a separate approach promotes the use of
substantially subsidized agrochemicals, which are frequently used to predict and halt

25. 19
epidemics in the future. In addition to the possible net advantage of reducing pesticide usage
for total government finances, it is critical to emphasize the value of rice cultivation for food
security, productivity, and preventing ecological collapse If some environmental services
(such as flood management or water purification) may be marketed, the private sector may
contribute to their support. Rice provides various ecological functions. However, little is
known about the breadth and relative importance of each ecological service. ((UNDP,, 2010).
The richness of rice fields and the consequences of these species on the larger ecosystem
have received less attention. Even though it is critical for sustainability that this ecosystem
continue to perform its duties, policy decisions frequently disregard this reality. It is hard to
evaluate the private sector's contribution without a thorough grasp of the value of rice
ecosystem services.
2.8 Expansion of rice farming policy and Improved livelihoods
(Chun, ·2014 )By building more rice production enterprises with the capacity to conduct
scientific research on how technology may become more competent on rice cultivation, the
expansion of rice farming policy increases equitable income distribution. This is exemplified
by the engagement of increasing skills and technical expertise in scaling up proper
automation of rice farming development. (Ntudhu, 2018 ) Rice production increase is an
unavoidable policy for the majority of European and Asian nations. Policies aimed at
increasing production may need the acquisition of new lands, and the danger of deforestation
is significant. Policies for expansion should strike a balance between production goals and the
preservation of ecological services. A comprehensive analysis of the existing lands,
substantial landscape design, and an all-encompassing strategy will be required (UNDP,
2010) Research into drought-resistant strains will enable growth inside marginal lands,
opening up heretofore uncultivated areas, while lowland regions are now more feasible for
conversion to rice cultivation. The favourable extension of rice farming policy has increased
the likelihood that farmer field schools (FFS) will operate with rice farmers in Uganda for a
number of years. They'll work with farmers to reduce insect load, and their Thai research
found reduced pesticide levels with no appreciable changes in rice gross margin. For the FFS
to have a greater impact and be used more frequently, improvements must still be made.
2.9 The impact of rice farming on high per capita income
(By Julio P. Yap, August 25, 2018) In many countries, rice production is the primary food
supply, and it has a significant impact on socioeconomic development and wellbeing. It
improves the standard of living for poor farmers whose per capita income and means of

26. 20
subsistence were previously very low, which has a positive impact on high GNP/per capita
income. (Terwase, Terwase, & Yuguda, 2014) Because there aren't enough storage facilities,
rice producers are usually obliged to sell their product as soon as it is harvested, which causes
it to go bad quickly. This lowers per capita income. The farmer will have a stronger
negotiating position and will be able to use less arbitrage on the part of middlemen if he
could store rice grain, which will be a huge improvement.

27. 21
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
This chapter describes the concepts and principles that must be used or followed when
conducting this research. It addresses the research design, data collection techniques, sample
methodology, data sources, and data quality assurance processes, as well as the ethical
considerations raised by the study. The three recommended research methodologies are also
described: the inclusive growth analytics framework, panel data regression analysis, and
multiple regression analysis.
3.2 Research design
This study will employ an a cross-sectional and descriptive survey designs. These will help to
review the empirical data for inquiry into the acknowledged or proclaimed problem based on
analysing the aforementioned hypotheses. To ascertain if the prediction generalisations of the
hypotheses are accurate, statistics will be employed in the data analysis for the measurements
used in this study. The study will use the causal research approach in order to adequately
investigate the implications that adjustments in agricultural production could have on
Uganda's economic growth indicators.
3.3 Study Population:
The study population shall comprise all agricultural families in Uganda—roughly 4 million
households—producing both crops and cattle. (MAAIF, 2011)
3.4 Sample Size
A random sample of 500 cultivation homes will be used in this investigation. This same study
utilizes a limited sample size (500 people surveyed) since she is conscious that perhaps the
timeframe and funding allotted with this study will not be sufficient to reach all farmers
(households) inside the nation.
3.5 Sampling Techniques
It is recommended to use a non-linear and non-sampling strategy since it will allow the
researcher to properly employ population random or cluster sampling. It also facilitates the
convenient splitting of distinct groupings (regions, districts, and counties) into smaller levels
44 until the researcher gets the desired kind or size of the groups. The following process will
be used to select 500 farmers at random from the total number of participants:

28. 22
This study will examine the five regions of the country will be looked at in this research
(Central, North, East, West, and South). The samples and respondents will then be randomly
divided between two districts from each area by the researcher. He will instead choose 250
houses (farmers) at random from each of the 21 counties before choosing two counties
(farmers) at random from each district to produce the sample of 550 households. Instead of
visiting farmers in all districts and towns across the country, this method will allow data to be
collected in 25 relatively small locations. Only experienced adult farmers will be permitted to
answer the questionnaire.
3.6 Data Collection Methods
Self-Administered Questionnaire
To gather primary data, a questionnaire with carefully designed questions to address the first
and second specified objectives will be employed (see appendix I). To gather information for
the study's determination of the key factors influencing agricultural productivity in Uganda
and to determine if rice production is one of the key factors influencing inclusive and
sustainable growth in Uganda, clear and straightforward questions will be employed.
Interview
This will be used to collate survey findings and provide additional in-depth data regarding
rice production and the binding constraints on inclusive expansion. The sample includes the
chosen respondents (farmers and agricultural technical professionals) who were interviewed
face-to-face to gather data.
Documentation Review
Hand-selected reliable but also published resources will serve as secondary sources of data
for this investigation. In order to complete aim three, answer research questions three and
four, and do multiple regression analysis, record review data including time series and panel
data will be used.
3.7 Data sources and kinds
(a) Questionnaires and interviews will be used to gather primary data for this study (see
appendix I and appendix II).
(b) Time series and panels will make up the majority of the secondary data for this
investigation. The following sources will provide the secondary data needed for this analysis

29. 23
on agricultural productivity, conventional economic growth drivers, GNI per capita, HDI,
IHDI, and the Gini coefficient:
(http://www.finance.go.ug/) is the website for the Ministry of Finance, Planning, and
Economic Development (MFPED). You may get information from here on income, GDP
growth, government spending, and economic performance. 45
2) The Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) website is located at ubos.org. UBOS should be
consulted for national data on population, education, health, commerce, and employment.
3. Bank of Uganda (BoU): (www.bou.or.ug) The BoU should be consulted for information on
inflation, interest rates, currency rates, macroeconomic policies, and financial market
performance.
4. The Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry, and Fisheries may be found online at
agriculture.go.ug. This ministry must provide information on agriculture policy, land, and
productivity.
5) The United Nations' Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)
(http://faostat.fao.org/site/339/default.aspx). The FAO will provide data on agricultural
productivity for Brazil, Ghana, and Uganda. The sixth organization named is UNDP
(http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/hdr/). Information on indicators
such as the HDI, IHDI, GII, and Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) will be collected
from the UNDP's Human Development Reports.
7) The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund will contribute more statistics (IMF)
3.8 Quality Assurance of Data
The research will only evaluate data from credible sources. The researcher must reread the
data to identify and repair problems. To avoid outliers or crazy numbers, some editing and
modifications may be required. The researcher will examine the data for reliability using
Kunder-Internal Richardson's Consistently Strategy to confirm data dependability.
K-R21 is the measure of reliability of content validity, where K is the number of items used
to calculate the intercept, S2 is the variance of all the scores, and S2 is the variance of each
individual score. A high coefficient denotes a good correlation between the items,
demonstrating coherence among the observations and the items. Through corresponding the

30. 24
observations and producing validity equations, the researcher will contrast results from
Uganda with the data from Ghana and Brazil to confirm validity. The concepts will be
validated using factor analysis, and the indicators with the strongest correlations will be
clustered.
3.9 Data analysis
(a) Multiple regression assessment: Utilizing multiple linear regression, the impacts of
putative determinants of rice production will be examined. This will make it possible for the
researcher to identify the precise elements that significantly affect rice productivity in
Uganda. The study will be based on primary data that was gathered through interviews and
questionnaires. The following equation will be subjected to multiple linear regressions.
(b) The paradigm for analysing inclusive and sustainable growth will be used to identify the
main factors that influence inclusive growth and to evaluate if rice production in Uganda is
indeed a factor that influences socioeconomic development.
This research will look at potential growth variables such education, investments,
remittances, the efficacy of maintaining the rule of law, inflation, trade openness, and trade
conditions, all of which might create legally enforceable constraints (discussed below). Other
factors to examine are the cost of capital accumulation, returns on capital stock, and private
appropriate (see HRV 2005). Agricultural production will also be investigated as a potential
component, and statistical analysis will be performed to see how it affects inclusive growth.
Similar towards the (HRV, 2005), the investigation will use Corporate Environment
Assessment (CEA) to determine the legally binding barriers to inclusive growth (Appendix
III). In order to find solutions to open up new opportunities for productive work, the BEA
looks at the problems with impoverished people's employment from the demand side (such as
low labour productivity or a lack of job possibilities). There are two or three different sets of
criteria at each level of the framework, and it will be decided which ones to make obligatory
or otherwise not simply based on an analysis of the nation's data.
When a combination of components is discovered to be a coded factor or limitation, the
method will allow for decreased advancement each time, until we uncover the bond
dissociation issues or constraints, at which point another option may be followed.

31. 25
48 Using data gathered over time for Uganda, equation 3.2 below, a multiple regression, will
be used to evaluate the precise impacts of the factors (independent variables) on inclusive
growth (income and equity growth).

32. 26
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35. 29
APPENDICES
APPENDIX I: QUESTIONNAIRE
Dear respondents,
I am John Mut Pham, pursuing Post Graduate Diploma in Economic Policy and Planning
(PGDEPP) of Kampala University; I do here by carrying out a study on the effect of rice
farming on socio-economic growth in Kiryandongo sub-county. I humbly request you to
spare some few minutes of your time and answer these questions below. The study is strictly
for academic purposes and will be treated with utmost confidentiality. Your cooperation is
highly appreciated.
SECTION A (Tick the right alternative where necessary)
Back ground of the respondent.
1. Name ………………………………………………………. (Optional)
2. Sex
Male Female
3. Age of the respondent
15 – 30
30 – 40
41 and above
Any other specify……………………………………………
4. Marital status
Single
Married
Widowed
Separated

36. 30
5. Educational level
Certificate Diploma
Degree Post graduate
other......................................................
SECTION B: RICE FARMING
The following abbreviations will be used: Please tick the response which comes closest to
your view against the statements:
Strongly agree (SA), Agree (A), Not Sure (NS), Disagree (D), and Strongly Disagree (SDA)
Capital resources SA A N
S
D
A
SD
A
The output produced by a given level of input(s) in rice farming
sector is affected by Capital resources involved
Rice farming ensured that all people have access to sufficient,
safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life
The country is endowed to engaged rice farming in full capacity
of producing over 16,000 tons of rice per year
Supply of inputs
Supply of inputs to rice farming alleviate poverty by boosting
creativity
The supply of inputs impact rice farming improved socio-
economic growth in local community level.
The supply of input and intensification of rice production is the

37. 31
discouragement of laziness among the community
Production and Sales
It is inevitable that rice farming encourages mass production
that improve on socio-economic economic growth through sales
Rice farming translate the overall socio-economic growth
through production and sales
As rice production is declining due to drought, sometime in
economy, the rice sector is still needed to help control elasticity
of demand
SECTION C: SOCIO-ECONOMIC GROWTH
The following abbreviations will be used:
Strongly agree (SA), Agree (A), Not Sure (NS), Disagree (D), and Strongly Disagree (SDA)
The following factors affect the process of rice farming on development of socio-economic
growth in Kiryandongo District Local Government
Employment SA A N
S
D
A
SD
A
Rice farming creates reproductive employment as means of
increasing the socio-economic growth of the poor.
Sustainable high growth encourages the raise in quality of the
live of the people through inclusive distribution of incomes
The level of transformation in rice farming sector increase
growth through injecting technology in to cultivation process
High GNI per capita income
Having high GNI per capita income encourage equitable
opportunity that embarked on farming activities to take part in

38. 32
economic reform participation
High GNI per capita income embark on actions of rural
development and transform the live of critical majority into
better living standard
Rice farming helps inject profitable economic activities that
improve the daily income of all rice producers and sellers
Improved livelihoods
Through a constructive input by rice farming to local
government, indirect equitable sharing of incomes emerges and
improved livelihoods
Rice farming on Socio-economic growth encourages an living
standard and livelihoods
Farmers pays their tax, this persuade rural communities to the
higher level of life expectancy
SECTION D: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RICE FARMING AND SOCIO-
ECONOMIC GROWTH
The following abbreviations will be used: Strongly agree (SA), Agree (A), Not Sure (NS),
Disagree (D), and Strongly Disagree (SDA)
Statements SA A N
S
D
A
SD
A
Uganda national rice development strategy pre-determine that
rice farming is the source of livelihood for the biggest
proportion of our population and will remain so until the
industrial sector develops.
The packages of the rice production are contributed by small
farmers which are about 3.5 million houses with average farm

39. 33
hectares of 3.5 each.
The introduction and promotion of the mechanized rice farming
can be taken as step to lessen the problem of the monoculture as
well as an alternative to wetland conservation to paddy rice
cultivation
THANK YOU FOR YOUR RESPONSE

40. 34
APPENDIX II: TIME FRAME WORK 2021
Activity Time of the year
Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar
Proposal
writing
Data
collection
Data
analysis
First draft
submissio
n
Handing
in the last
collected
draft.

41. 35
APPENDIX III: BUDGET FOR THE STUDY
ITEMS QUANTITY UNIT
COST
TOTAL
Flash 1 30,000 30,000
Internet 4 months 1,500 180,000
Stationary
Papers 1 ream 15,000 15,000
Book 20 25,000 1,000
Pencil 1 300 300
Pens 4 500 2,000
Binding 2 books 10,000 20,000
Typing and printing 1 book 35,000 35,000
Final draft 2 books 35,000 70,000
Photocopying questionnaires and interview
guides
60 copies of 4
pages each
200 60,000
Transport 20,000
TOTAL 128500 273300