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SANDFLY.pptx
1. GROUP ONE PRESENTATION.
1. CHANDA ARNOLD CU 18010922
2. NORCIE NGOMA CU 18010176
3. CHIKONTWE VALARY CU 18011633
4. MWANDWE DAVID CU 18011574
5. TEMBO AZARIAH CU 19021330
2. CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom- Animal
Phylum- Arthropoda
Class- Insecta
Order- Diptera ( two winged, holometabolous)
Suborder: Nematocera ( adult antennae with at least
seven segments).
Family- Psychodidae
Genus- Phlebotomous
Species- (a) P. papatasii, (b) P. sergenti, (c) P.
argentines.
4. DISTRIBUTION
Above the equator, they exist 50N and South.
Their habitat range from tropical rain forests to semi
arid and arid regions.
5. IDENTIFICATION
Adult sandflies are tiny about 3mm long.
Have hairy bodies.
Wings are held erect over their bodies.
Sandflies are recognised by a hopping type of flight i.e
they make short bursts of flight, rest for a couple of
seconds and hop again.
They have characteristic wings; ( Wings with eight
veins).
6. CONTINUATION
Eggs turn black after being laid.
Larva are characteristic with worm like shape and have
two tufts of erect hairs at the posterior end.
Larva are quite active and scurry around.
7. HABITS OF SAND FLY
They are noticeably worse just before it starts to rain.
The busiest days for sand flies are warm, cloudy, and
windless.
They are year round creatures, but less active when it is
cold
8.
9. HABITATS OF SAND FLY
Occur predominantly in warm, amid and tropical
climates, usually in savanna semi deserts vegetation
habitats.
Sand flies require a amid micro climate in order for
their eggs to develop.
Adult often inhibit rock crevices, caves and rodent
burrows and in per domestic settings rest in cool dark
and humid corners of animal shelter.
10. LIFE CYCLE
Eggs are laid in areas where there is good supply of
organic materials on which the larva feeds.
Followed by hatching , the larva usually has four stages
before it develops to pupa stage.
Takes about 34 to 74 days from egg to adult at 28
degree Celsius and 116 to 165 days at 18 degree Celsius
Both males and females take plant juices for energy
only females take blood.
12. MEDICAL IMPORTANCE OF SAND
FLY
Sand flies are the vectors of leishmaniasis.
Transmit viral diseases such as sand fly fever in
humans.
Sand flies transmit the bacterium called Bartonella
bacilliforms.
They transmit leishmaniasis to human causing death.
14. PREVENTION
Insect repellent should be used on skin, so as to
prevent the sand fly transmitted diseases.
Use of mosquito nets sprayed with permethrin is
recommended.
Good sanitation and house keeping.
Insecticide can be sprayed on outdoor breeding sites.
15. CONTROL
Households should be sprayed with residual
insecticide on surfaces.
Destroy active qualities of reservoir species.
Spraying of larva with insecticide.
Eliminating the animal waste.
By meshing the windows to prevent the sand fly from
entering the house.
