A. Correcting Perceptual and Decoding Deficits in Word Recognition B. Definition of Terms - alphabetic knowledge - sight-word knowledge - basic sight words - knowledge on sound-symbol correspondence

1. Remedial Instruction
in English
BSED 4 ENGLISH

2. Topics
II. Remedial Instruction in Reading
A. Correcting Perceptual and
Decoding Deficits in
Word Recognition
B. Definition of Terms
• Alphabetic Knowledge
• Sight-Word Knowledge
• Basic Sight Words
• Knowledge on Sound-Symbol
Correspondence

3. Remedial reading refers to correcting or
improving deficient skills in specific subject.
Thus, remedial reading is a change in instruction
that helps remedy a weakness in the area of
reading.
Remedial Reading

4. According to Virgil Howes, reading is a subtle
and complex process that involves sensation,
perception, comprehension, application and
integration.
What is Reading?

5. Through reading man is able to explore the
mysteries of the world.
Reading enables man to uncover some answers
to questions.
Importance of Reading

6. A. Correcting Perceptual and Decoding
Deficits in Word Recognition
Perceptual Deficit
Word
Recognition

7. of or relating to the ability to interpret or become aware of
something through the senses (Oxford Dictionary)
of, relating to, or involving perception especially in relation to
immediate sensory experience (Merriam Webster Dictionary)
Perceptual
Adjective

8. Perception
Eyes
S E N S E S

9. TECHNICAL: a deficiency or failing, especially in a
neurological or psychological function (Oxford Dictionary)
a problem that causes a decrease in some ability (Merriam
Webster Dictionary)
Deficit
Noun

10. ability of a reader to recognize written words correctly
and virtually effortlessly.
it is sometimes referred to as "Isolated Word
Recognition"
(Literacy Information and Communication System)
Word Recognition

11. Factors
Affecting
Reading
Physical
Mental
sourc
e
light
eye
health
comprehensio
nlearning disabilities
speed of
interpretation
thought process
focu
s

12. Ekwall & Shanker, 1988
Visual analysis of an unfamiliar word
must precede the application of
knowledge of word parts. Both of
these come before the final synthesis
of the parts into recognition of words.

13. TWO ways of Identifying whether a student
has INSUFFICIENT COMPETENCIES in the
visual analysis of words
When the teacher shows
him/her the word covering up
parts of it, then at least one of
his/her problems in word
recognition is faulty visual
analysis.
The students when
pronouncing verbally, selects
inappropriate elements to
sound out and often he/she
tries again and again to use
the same analysis even when
it doesn't work.

14. B. Definition of Terms
• Alphabetic Knowledge
• Sight-Word Knowledge
• Basic Sight Words
• Knowledge on Sound-Symbol
Correspondence

15. • Alphabetic
Knowledge
• It is the ability to name, distinguish
shapes, write, and identify the sounds of
the alphabet.
• Also known as LETTER SOUND
KNOWLEDGE
• It is defined as "THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN PHONOLOGY (sounds in
speech) AND ORTHOGRAPHY (spelling
patterns of written language)."
• It includes knowing letter names and
their respective sounds.

16. • Alphabetic
Knowledge
• It refers to the MATCHING OF
PHONEMES (smallest unit of sound)
WITH THEIR RESPECTIVE
GRAPHEMES (the written symbols in a
language).
• Understanding that letters represent
sound so that:
- words may be read by saying sound
represented by letters.
-words may be spelled by writing the
letters that represent the sounds in a word.

17. 2. Sight-Word
Knowledge
• All words any one reader can
recognize easily (with automaticity)
not necessarily with meaning.
Sight Words
• Refer to words that the reader can
read automatically, without
decoding, due to the word being
stored in memory.

18. 3. Basic Sight
Words
• a designated list of words, usually of
high quality.
4. Knowledge in Sound-
Symbol Correspondence
• also known as GRAPHOPHONIC
KNOWLEDGE
• The ability to listen to the sounds in
words and then write down letters
for those sounds

19. Thank you!