1. Project Director: Rick Blum
Project Mentor: David Soyster
Project Sponsor: Borough of Chambersburg

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Chambersburg Renewable Energy
Feasibility Study
Wind Turbine
By Jinliang Li
100 South 2nd Street
Chambersburg, PA 17201

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Table of Contents
I. Executive Summary .......................................................................................................... 3
Highlights
Objectives
Mission Statement
Keys to Success
Sponsor Information
Summary of Recommendation
II. Description of Technology.............................................................................................. 5
Wind Turbine Technology
Pennsylvania Wind Map
Wind Farm in Pennsylvania
Recommended Wind Turbine Model Analysis
III. Marketing...........................................................................................................................10
Wind Turbine Market Analysis
Potential Suppliers Information
Competition Matrix
IV. Site Plan & Construction Cost ………………………….………………………. 12
Construction Location
Site Plan
Installation Cost
V. Financial Analysis ………………………………………………………..…….. 15
Start-Up Capital
Cash Flow
VI. Recommendations ……………………………………………………….……… 16
VII. Appendix ………………………………………………………………………… 17
Reference Page

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Executive Summary
This Project is a feasibility study of wind turbine that aims to illustrate the Chambersburg’s on-
site future power generation plans on renewable energy. The project consists of five phases: the
first phase is a study of wind turbine mechanism and its technology investigation, which could be
reviewing a large amount of literature and scientific journals. The Second Phase is an analysis of
the Chambersburg construction field, Pennsylvania wind map and case study of local existing
wind farms requires customer contacts and field study. The Third phase is based on the wind
map and Chambersburg’s filed size choosing the proper wind turbine components (turbine,
convertor, blade, pole, construction base) including turbine model, pole height, unit numbers,
and potential components suppliers. The present of the third phase would be a pro and cons table
of various turbine models. The Fourth phase would be an energy output study of wind farm and
its construction design strategy like construction array methods showing as a blue map for future
construction plan. The last phase of this project would be project total cost estimation along with
a possible payback period study, which would presents as cash flow charts or table lists. The
financial estimation will include design expense, turbines purchasing price, construction fee, and
wind turbine future maintenance consumption.
This project is a feasibility study for a wind farm for the Borough of Chambersburg. The Borough of Chambersburg
has existing fossil fuel generators on site, but would like to expand their generation fleet by incorporating some
renewable energy sources. Chambersburg is currently conducting a feasibility study for a photovoltaic solar array, and
this study will complement that study.
The paper will provide an overview of wind turbines, discuss the proposed site location and expected wind speeds based
on wind maps. The paper will then discusses the selection of the wind turbine, given the constraints of the project to
maximize the electric generation potential. In addition, proposed site plan is developed, showing the location and
arrangement of the wind turbines. Finally, a financial analysis is presented, showing construction cost, maintenance cost,
and projected income.

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Highlights
Figure1. Through 2013-2022 Chambersburg Power Supply Portfolio
Objectives
This Project is aim to develop a wind turbine feasibility study to illustrate Chambersburg on site
future power generation plans on renewable energy.
The Output of this project should include following aspects:
1. A Detail Feasibility Study of Wind Turbine in Chambersburg
2. A Construction Strategy
3. An Output study of the designed Wind Turbine
4. Financial Estimation of Payback Period
The objective of this paper is to develop a feasibility study for the installation of a wind farm for
the Borough of Chambersburg. The study will investigate and recommend a specific wind
turbine model, propose a site layout, and summarize the financial aspects.
Mission Statement
Chambersburg is a unique smart-grid based self-sufficient electric utility in Pennsylvania. It is a
real-world example of how a small utility can be successful. Chambersburg is famous for its low
electric price rates and it is time to add another title of “Green Energy Generation”. In August3,
2015, President Obama and EPA has announced a new Clean Power Plan, which is requiring a
dramatically reducing the Carbon pollution from power plants. So it is a great opportunity to
290,000
300,000
310,000
320,000
330,000
340,000
350,000
360,000
370,000
380,000
390,000
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
MWh/Yr
Chambersburg PowerSupply Portfolio

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introduce wind and solar energy into Chambersburg power file sector, which could not only
resolve the carbon emission regulation issues but also can expand Chambersburg’s electric
generation profile.
The Borough of Chambersburg is a unique small municipal electric utility in Pennsylvania. The
unique characteristic is that Chambersburg has the ability to buy power from the Regional
Transmission Operator (PJM) or completely disconnect and use their own generators to meet the
electric needs. This flexibility allows them to make supply decisions which in turn will lead to
lower electric rates for their customers. In addition, with having their own generation fleet,
Chambersburg has a redundant supply, which leads to high reliability.
With the emphasis on renewable energy and reducing carbon footprint, Chambersburg would
like to investigate the possibility of installing a wind farm. There are several objectives of the
wind farm. The most obvious objective will be to generate electricity from a renewable energy
source. However, it will also serve as a teaching opportunity and positive public relations. The
Borough of Chambersburg projects that their electric demand will continue to increase through
2022, see Figure 1. To meet this growing demand, Chambersburg needs to expand their
generation fleet, and they want to consider renewable energy as part of the solution.
Keys to Success
1. Wind Turbine Technology Investigation
2. Wind Turbine Model Decided
3. Wind Turbine Main Components Chosen
4. Approval of Wind Turbine Output
5. Construction Strategy and Trade-off Analysis
6. Total Cost Estimation
7. Pay Back Period Approximation
8. Poster Design and Final Presentation to Industry
9. Project Report Hand-In on December 4th
Sponsor Information
Chambersburg is a unique self-sufficient power utility in Pennsylvania. It owns and operate its
own generation, transmission, and distribution power system. They have the lowest electric rate
in Pennsylvania with an excellent reliability record — two hours outage per year. Chambersburg
own two electric power plants with total 30 MW per year power generation. If any additional
electric is required, the Borough of Chambersburg also has the ability to take power from PJM

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grid to fulfill the customer needs. The Chambersburg Electric using character, competence, and
collaboration provide to their customers valuable energy products and services that are safe,
reliable, and competitively priced. Chambersburg is a great example of a small self-sufficient
utility can function and be successful.
Recommendations
• Financially, the project cannot be justified due to the long payback period of time which
is about 40 years. It will greatly exceed the wind turbine designed life which is 20 years.
• The wind turbine may provide other benefits to Chambersburg such as improved public
image through green generation and being a new technology adaptor.
Description of Technology
Wind Turbine Technology
A Wind Turbine is a device that capturing natural air flow’s kinetic energy converts into electric
power. When air go through the blades, which spins along with the shaft. The shaft is connected
with a generator and makes electricity. Due to the characteristics of wind power generation, it is
essential for engineers’ design concerns that the turbine would be exposed to strong wind
environment. So an Aerodynamic model of the wind turbine usually would be used to maximize
the wind turbine’s efficiency by determine the optimum tower height, reliable control systems,
number of blades and blade shape. Most wind turbine are consisted with three main components,
generator, rotor, and support structure. Today's wind turbines are manufactured in a wide range
of both vertical and horizontal axis types. The smallest turbines may used for applications like
battery charging or to power traffic warning signs. Medium size turbines can be used for making
contributions to a domestic power supply while selling unused power back to the utility supplier
via the electrical grid. Arrays of large turbines, known as wind farms/ wind power generation
station, are becoming an increasingly important source of renewable energy and are used by
many countries as part of a strategy to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels.

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Figure 2. The main components of a wind turbine
Figure 3. The power generation layout of wind turbines

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Pennsylvania Wind Map
From the Pennsylvania wind map (Figure 4) we can see the location of Chambersburg is besides
the town of York and the annual average wind speed at 80m in Chambersburg is around 7 m/s. 7
m/s is a relative low wind speed for construction of wind turbine farm. Comparing with other
places in Pennsylvania such as Sandy Ridge, Allegheny Ridge, and Mill Run, which have a
higher wind speed around 10 m/s, Chambersburg may require special designed low wind speed
wind turbine for an efficient energy output.
Figure 4. The Pennsylvania – Annual Average Wind Speed map in a height of 80 m

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Wind Farm in Pennsylvania
The Bear Creek Wind Power Project, Pennsylvania's newest wind farm, is a 24 MW wind energy
facility located in the Pocono Mountain region of Pennsylvania less than 10 miles southeast of
Wilkes-Barre in the town of Bear Creek. Visible while heading south on the Pennsylvania
Turnpike's Northeast Extension, the Project is expected to produce over 75 million kilowatt-
hours of wind energy annually.
The Green Mountain Wind Energy Center, located in Somerset County, is situated on land
reclaimed from a coal strip mine. It includes eight 1.3 MW turbines for a total output of 10.4
MW - enough to power 3,300 homes.
Figure 5. Bear Creek Wind Power Project, Bear Creek, PA
BearCreek
Owner/Operator:
Wind Park Bear Creek LLC
Output:
24 MW
No. of Turbines:
12 (Gamesa 2.0 MW)
Operational Since:
February, 2006
GreenMountain
Owner/Operator:
FPL Energy
Output:
64.5 MW
No. of Turbines:
43 (GE 1.5 MW)
Operational Since: October
2003
Figure 6. Green Mountain Wind Energy Center, Garrett, PA

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RecommendedWind TurbineModel Analysis
High Output Wind Turbine for Low Wind Regimes – NPS 60-24
Reasons for Choosing NPS 60-24 Model for Chambersburg
 Low wind speed design
The Turbine is designed for specific low wind speed (10 m/s), which is suit to
Chambersburg low wind speed region.
 Easy to construction
The Turbine’s hub is designed in 23 meters, which is relatively convenient to install and suit
to the construction landscape.
 Plug and Play
The Turbine is design to simplify grid interconnect, because the construction ground is
located besides a transmission station, it is essential to consider that the simplicity of plug
and cut-off the wind turbine system.
 Quiet
The gearless design, advanced blades, and low rpm and tip speed, all contribute to low noise
levels. Considering the residential in Chambersburg, Quietness is a unique benefit to
Borough of Chambersburg, which may bring positive public image.
 Easier Permitting
The lower hub height helps Chambersburg to permit on site wind power generation proposal.
Figure 7. NPS 60-24 on site photography

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Specification of NPS 60-24
Table 1, Specifications of NPS 60-24 from Northern Power System Crop.
General Configuration
Design Life 20 years
Rotor Diameter 20 meter
Tower Type Tubular steelmonopole
Hub Height 23m
Orientation Upwind, 3 blades
Power Regulation Variable speed,stall control
Certification CE compliant CEI 0-21
Performance
Rated Wind Speed 7-10 m/s
Cut-in Wind Speed 3m/s
Cut-out Wind Speed 25 m/s
Extreme Wind Speed 45m/s
Weight
Rotor & Nacelle 6800 kg
Tower 10,000 kg
Drive Train
Gear Box Type No gearbox (direct drive)
Generator Type Permanent magnet
Braking System
Redundant Braking Generator dynamic brake and multiple
System Hydraulic calipers
Control System
Controller Type DSP-based multiprocessor embedded platform
Converter Type Pulse-width modulated IGBT frequency converter
Monitoring System SmartView remote monitoring system, ModBus TCP
Electrical System
Rated Electrical Power 59.9 kw, 3 Phase,400 VAC, 60 Hz
Power Factor Set point adjustable between 0.9 lagging and leading
Reactive Power +/- 30 KVAR
Grid Interconnect Utility approved protective relay included
Noise
Apparent Noise Level 55 dB
Environmental Specifications
Temperature Range Operational -15 °C to 40 °C
Temperature Range Storage -25 °C to 50°C
Lighting Protection Receptors in blades, nacelle lighting rod and electrical
surge protection
Turbine Maintenance Guarantee from Manufacturer
10-Year Performance Guarantee Program (PGP) The 10-Year PGP covers 10 years of operation and
maintenance costs, including parts, labor and expenses for the NPS 60. The annual cost is based on the
performance of the NPS 60. This is backed by an availability guarantee and performance to power curve
guarantee. During the programmer NPS will be the sole service provider. This gives peace of mind that the
wind turbine will produce maximum energy and return on investment while offering the lowest total cost of
ownership for the turbine’s 20+ year life. With the 10-Year Performance Guarantee Program, Northern Power
Systems is financially invested in the success of your wind turbine.

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Power Curves
Marketing
Market Analysis
Since 1981, the great dropping in gasoline price, the price of wind power electricity in United
States has also decreased from about 25 cents/ kWh to averaging near 4 cents/ kWh in 2008.
Even though wind turbine prices is continually increasing since 2005, in area with the high wind
speed, wind power is cost completive with new generation from coal and natural gas plants. With
the development of the new technology in wind turbines, the wind power costs become more and
more competitive, demand is exponentially growing all over the world.
Figure 8. NPS 60-24 power curve in various hub height
Figure 9. NPS 60-24 power curve in various wind speed

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Global wind power capacity increased from about only 6,000 NW in 1996 to more than 282,500
MW by the end of 2013. The growing of wind power generation has been a trend that would not
stop in the market of Canada, United States, China, India, and Europe.
At the End of 2013, the United States wind power market has reached more than 60,000 MW,
which nearly half of the capacity in Texas, California, Iowa, Illinois and Oregon.
Recommended Turbine Model Supplier Information
Northern Power Systems has been delivering innovative energy solutions in a changing
landscape for over 40 years. Around the globe, our installed base of Permanent Magnet Direct
Drive “PM/DD” wind turbines and grid-friendly power technology components have logged
millions of kilowatt-hours of operation to date, demonstrating our commitment to performance
and reliability. Northern Power Systems offers comprehensive in-house development services,
including systems level engineering, advanced drivetrains, power electronics, Permanent Magnet
machine design, and remote monitoring systems to the energy industry. Northern Power Systems
is headquartered in Vermont, USA with operations in Massachusetts, USA, as well as
Switzerland, the United Kingdom and Italy.
Company Address: Northern Power Systems, 29 Pitman Road, Barre Vermont,05641, USA
Phone: 802-461-2903
Email: info@northernpower.com
Figure 10. Wind power growth in the world electrical market

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Competition Matrix
Site Plan & Construction Cost
Construction Location
Turbine Price
Market Percentage
Figure 11. Wind power generation market competition matrix in U.S.
Proposed Site
Due to the existing transmission
substation the construction area
is shown in red.
Proposed Wind Farm Area
Transmission Substation Area
Figure 12. Construction location present in Google Map and analysis

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Construction Site Plan
For the safety reasons, it is important
to have proper safe distance from the
boundary of the construction land.
Installation Cost
The installation costs includes the expenses required to construct and set the turbine up as long as
requiring associated facilities. The construction scheme requires to hire experienced contractor to
prepare the site, install the turbines, and connect the turbine along with the converter into grid
system. During the construction progress, Chambersburg will corporate with the construction
contractor, representatives from the turbine manufacturer, and engineers from PJM transmission.
The construction project of wind turbine could be divided into five majority cost includes:
control center, tower foundations, wiring to the tower bases, and turbine erection and security
fences.
Control room: a reliable control room is the key to make right decisions on distribution
operations and emergency situation control. In order to attain the highest level of operational
efficiency on wind turbine, the control room must contain three basic functions:
1. Track and Restore
Power outage restoration planning, dispatching.
2. Operate and Monitoring
Turbine control, switch planning, networking management
3. Analyze and optimize
Engineering analysis, grid optimization
Since Chambersburg already have a control room the add-in wind turbine control may cost range
of $10,000-15,000.
Proposed Wind Farm Area
Figure 13. Construction Site plan and area calculation

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Tower foundation: this cost highly depends on the height of tower and weight of the generator
assembly and rotor, plus the soil conditions at construction site. Based on our current research,
the height of tower is 20 meters, the total weight of generator and rotor is about 6800 kg, the soil
condition under the construction site is unknown, so the estimation cost of this section may range
from $ 60,000 to $ 100,000.
Wiring to turbine base: this cost includes installation of a pad mount transformer at the turbine
base if required, underground wiring on the property, electric poles to carry the power to the
utility line if required, and installation of all these components. The cost range is $8,000 to
$20,000. Due to the construction location is right beside a transmission station, the wiring
distance is reduced to a minimum level.
Turbine erection: The major cost in the erection process is the rental of a crane. A 300-foot
crane with the necessary 400- plus ton capacity can cost $80,000 or more for a single day.
Considering weather delays or other difficulties, the rental charge of the crane might add 10%
per day to construction costs. A comprehensive price estimate from a qualified installation
company will likely be in the range of $80,000 to $120,000 per MW.
Security fences: For security reason, the fences should build along the landscape boundary to
prevent unauthorized access. According to Figure 13, the total length of fence inned is X feet.
The current price of iron fences is about $15/feet, so the estimation cost of the security fence
ranges from $6500 to $ 10,000.

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Financial Analysis
Start-Up Capital
Cash Flow
-$20,000
$0
$20,000
$40,000
$60,000
$80,000
$100,000
$120,000
$140,000
$160,000
$180,000
30-Year Dollar Cash Flow
Cash-Flow
Figure 14. Approximation of Start-Up Capital and Future Potential Cost
The Start-Up Capital
here refers to the
money that is required
to begin the project,
which includes the cost
of design, permits,
licenses, construction,
and future
maintenances.
Figure 15. Approximation of 30-year dollar cash flow chart
CashFlow(Revenue–Expense)
Investment Year

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Recommendations
Based on financial considerations alone, the payback period is longer than the expected life of
the assets. Therefore, a wind turbine demonstration does not make financial sense.
However, there are other benefits to a wind turbine demonstration such as public image, green
generation, etc. that may benefit the Borough of Chambersburg. These other benefits may
outweigh the potential financial loss. The final decision on the wind turbine demonstration will
be made by the Borough of Chambersburg.

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Appendix
Reference Page
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2015.
Garvey, S. (n.d.). An Energy-Storing Wind Turbine Would Provide Power 24/7. Retrieved
September 18, 2015.
Levitan, D. (n.d.). Supercomputing a Quieter Wind Turbine. Retrieved September 18, 2015.
Doman, G. (2009). Structural Dynamic Considerations in Wind Turbine Design. Wind Turbine
Technology: Fundamental Concepts in Wind Turbine Engineering, Second Edition, 585-604.
Dual Purpose Design of Small Wind Turbine Blades. (1989). Wind Engineering,12(1232332),
511-527.
Matsumiya, H. (n.d.). New small turbine technologies. Wind Power Generation and Wind
Turbine Design WIT Transactions on State of the Art in Science and Engineering, 389-413.
Tong, W. (n.d.). Fundamentals of wind energy. Wind Power Generation and Wind Turbine
Design WIT Transactions on State of the Art in Science and Engineering, 3-48.
Jamieson, P., & Hassan, G. (2011). Innovation in wind turbine design. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley.
Eggleston, D., & Stoddard, F. (1987). Wind turbine engineering design. New York: Van
Nostrand Reinhold.
Fox, C. (2013, May 1). Reinventing the Wind Turbine: Steve Apelman's Design Finds Itself on
the Cusp of Overshadowing Existing Tech with a Simple Approach. Product Design &
Development.
Carvallo, A., & Cooper, J. (2011). The advanced smart grid edge power driving sustainability.
Boston: Artech House.
Gellings, C. (2009). The smart grid enabling energy efficiency and demand response. Lilburn,
GA: Fairmont Press.
Clean Energy Deployment Administration: Hearing before the Committee on Energy and
Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, first session, to
receive testimony on the proposal for a Clean Energy Deployment Administration, as. (2011).
Washington: U.S. G.P.O.