3. GROSS DEBTORS BOOK: 2016 Q3
R BILLIONS
CREDIT
FACILITIESMORTGAGES
UNSECURED
CREDIT
SECURED
CREDIT
SHORT-
TERM
CREDIT
867 379 218 163
3
ACCOUNTS (000’S) 5 8911 757 3 836 25 727 1 089
Source: NCR Consumer credit report. Developmental credit is provided by lenders registered as developmental credit providers and
includes educational loans; small business loans; loans for the acquisition, rehabilitation, building or expansion of low income housing
41
DEVELOPMENTAL
CREDIT
1 159
% 90 days or
more in arrears 3% 19% 13% 20% 3% 10%
3%
18%
4%
9%
3% 12%
91 DAYS +
OTHER
As at Quarter 3 2016 total outstanding consumer credit
amounted to R1.67 trillion, over half of which was mortgage
debt (52%)
3
4. There has been a significant increase in access to credit in
South Africa. According to the NCR, the number of credit
active consumers increased from 17.5 million in the third
quarter of 2008 to 24.2 million in 2016
4
CREDIT STANDING OF CREDIT ACTIVE CONSUMERS
2008 Q3 2016 Q3
Source: NCR, Stats SA LFS 2008Q3, 2016Q2
17.5 MILLION
24.2 MILLION
5. There has been a significant increase in access to credit in
South Africa. According to the NCR, the number of credit
active consumers increased from 17.5 million in the third
quarter of 2008 to 24.2 million in 2016
5
CREDIT STANDING OF CREDIT ACTIVE CONSUMERS
2008 Q3 2016 Q3
Source: NCR, Stats SA LFS 2008Q3, 2016Q2
17.5 MILLION
24.2 MILLION
Total population 18+:
30.2 million
58% credit active
Total population 18+:
36.5 million
66% credit active
7. BIG PROBLEM 1
According to the NCR less than half of those who are credit
active are current on all their accounts. This is NOT normal
7
Source: NCR, Stats SA LFS 2008Q1, 2016Q1. Adverse - Accounts with adverse classifications such as ‘handed over’ and/or ‘written-off’.
CREDIT STANDING OF CREDIT ACTIVE CONSUMERS
2008 Q3 2016 Q3
17.5 MILLION
24.2 MILLION
CURRENT
1 - 2 MONTHS ARREARS
3+ MONTHS ARREARS
ADVERSE LISTINGS
JUDGEMENTS AND ADMIN ORDERS
7.9 M
45%
2.6 M
15%
2.8 M
16%
2.1 M
12%
2.2 M
13%
11.5 M
48%
2.9 M
12%
5.4 M
22%
2.7 M
11%
1.7 M
7%
8. According to XDS data there are around 18.9 million consumers,
or 52% of the population aged 18 or more, who have open credit
accounts†. These consumers have at least one open account
which has seen some kind of activity in the past two years
8
10,9
9,1
6,0
2,9
2,3 1,9 1,8
RETAIL
APPAREL
UNSECURED CREDIT
CARD
RETAIL
GENERAL
MORTGAGE RETAIL
FURNITURE
VEHICLE
Source: XDS data
Note: An open account is one that has not been closed or has been written off, handed over, lapsed, revoked, repossessed, surrendered,
disputed in the last two years
Ave number of
accounts per
borrower: 1.7 2.3 1.5 1.2 1.2
CREDIT CONSUMERS: OPEN ACCOUNTS
(September 2016, Millions)
on average credit active
people have 3.1 open
credit products
9. Unsurprisingly, borrower level performance differs noticeably
by product type. Those with mortgages and vehicle finance
perform way better than other borrowers
9
4,7 4,4
1,4 0,8 0,1 0,9
0,1
6,2
4,7
4,6
2,0
2,2 1,1
1,7
10,9
9,1
6,0
2,9
2,3 1,9 1,8
RETAIL
APPAREL
UNSECURED CREDIT
CARD
RETAIL
GENERAL
MORTGAGE RETAIL
FURNITURE
VEHICLE
IN ARREARS NOT IN ARREARS
Source: XDS data
% in arrears
(90+ days) 43% 48% 23% 29% 4%45%4%
CREDIT CONSUMERS: OPEN ACCOUNTS
(September 2016, Millions)
10. 4,1
2,1
6,2
3,1
1,5
1,8
NO NPL'S 01-50% NPL 51-100% NPL 100% NPL
For those with two or more products, there is clearly a
prioritisation process in terms of who to pay. Roughly 55% of
borrowers are current on all their credit products
10
1 CREDIT PRODUCT ONLY
6.1 M (33%)
2+ CREDIT PRODUCTS
12.6 M ( 66%)
SEGMENTS: SEPTEMBER 2016
(Million borrowers)
11%
33%
17%
8%
9%
22%
12+
Credit productCredit products
Source: XDS credit data
11. 1,4
1,6
1,6
2,1
2,7
2,8
2,9
4,0
4,4
4,6
7,3
7,7
9,2
11,5
17,3
BLUE DOWNS ( S )
KUILS RIVER ( C )
EERSTE RIVER
CROSSROADS
GRASSY PARK
LANGA
KRAAIFONTEIN ( S )
MFULENI ( S )
NYANGA
KRAAIFONTEIN ( P )
DELFT
PHILIPPI
GUGULETU
MITCHELLS PLAIN
KHAYELITSHA
1,9
1,8
1,8
2,2
3,3
3,0
3,0
4,1
4,6
6,1
7,9
8,2
9,7
14,4
18,1
BLUE DOWNS ( S )
KUILS RIVER ( C )
EERSTE RIVER
CROSSROADS
GRASSY PARK
LANGA
KRAAIFONTEIN ( S )
MFULENI ( S )
NYANGA
KRAAIFONTEIN ( P )
DELFT
PHILIPPI
GUGULETU
MITCHELLS PLAIN
KHAYELITSHA
2,3
2,0
1,8
2,2
4,0
6,7
2,9
4,0
2,5
7,7
7,8
8,7
9,6
16,3
19,3
BLUE DOWNS ( S )
KUILS RIVER ( C )
EERSTE RIVER
CROSSROADS
GRASSY PARK
LANGA
KRAAIFONTEIN ( S )
MFULENI ( S )
NYANGA
KRAAIFONTEIN ( P )
DELFT
PHILIPPI
GUGULETU
MITCHELLS PLAIN
KHAYELITSHA
The culture of non-collections is reinforced in other
realms, and has ramifications far beyond credit markets
11
COMPREHENSIVE UTILITY AND RATES DEBT MANAGEMENT REPORT
(R MILLIONS)
Source: City of Cape Town Open Data Portal
JUNE (60 – 90)MAY (30 – 60)APRIL (0 - 30)
12. GROSS DEBTORS BOOK: 2016 Q3
R BILLIONS
CREDIT
FACILITIESMORTGAGES
UNSECURED
CREDIT
SECURED
CREDIT
SHORT-
TERM
CREDIT
867 379 218 163
3
ACCOUNTS (000’S) 5 8911 757 3 836 25 727 1 089
Source: NCR Consumer credit report. Developmental credit is provided by lenders registered as developmental credit providers and
includes educational loans; small business loans; loans for the acquisition, rehabilitation, building or expansion of low income housing
41
DEVELOPMENTAL
CREDIT
1 159
% 90 days or
more in arrears 3% 19% 13% 20% 3% 10%
3%
18%
4%
9%
3% 12%
91 DAYS +
OTHER
BIG PROBLEM 2:
It appears credit is largely NOT developmental. This is very
disappointing for those of us who care about financial
inclusion
12
13. What exactly is developmental credit?
13
HOUSING EDUCATION SMALL BUSINESS
14. CREDIT
FACILITIESMORTGAGES
UNSECURED
CREDIT
SECURED
CREDIT
SHORT-
TERM
CREDIT
867 379 218 163
3
ACCOUNTS (000’S)
5 891
1 757
3 836 25 727 1 089
Source: NCR Consumer credit report. Developmental credit is provided by lenders registered as developmental credit providers and
includes educational loans; small business loans; loans for the acquisition, rehabilitation, building or expansion of low income housing
41
DEVELOPMENTAL
CREDIT
1 159
% 90 days or
more in arrears 3%
19% 13% 20% 3% 10%
3%
18%
4%
9%
3% 12%
91 DAYS +
OTHER
BIG PROBLEM 2a:
It appears credit is largely NOT developmental. Well, kind of.
It depends
14
15. 15
283
140 159 165 156 162 164 164
Source: NCR Consumer credit report, XDS credit data
PROPORTION
FIRST TIME
BORROWERS
84% 83% 83% 83% 82% 79% 71% 61%
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Average value: R524,600
Lending activity has shifted significantly
R894,400
148,3
75,5
97,6 109,8 108,9 124,4 137,2 147,1VALUE OF
LOANS
GRANTED
(R Billions) 47% 34% 34% 29% 25% 28% 31% 31%
NUMBER OF
LOANS
GRANTED
(Thousands)
MORTGAGE LOANS GRANTED
(2008 – 2015)
16. According to AMPS, the number of households in the
addressable market for mortgages has grown by over
800,000 households in the last five years
16
1.8 million
11.6%
3.7 million
23.9%
2.7 million
17.5%
6.6 million
42.0%
0.8 million
5.1%
13 368 647 15 685 858TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS
HOUSEHOLDS IN SOUTH AFRICA: 2010 vs. 2015
2010 2015
Monthly Household
Income
(2015 Rands)
Monthly Household
Income
(2010 Rands)
Source: AMPS 2015B, 2010B
Note: Income data in AMPS is provided in bands rather than absolute
numbers, making exact matching across the survey years difficult
CAGR
7.0%
8.8%
2.7%
5.8%
0.6%
3.2%
< R5 000
[R20 000, R40 000)
[R10 000, R20 000)
[R5 000, R10 000)
R40 000 +
< R4 000
(< R5 200
in 2015 Rands)
[R16 000, R30 000)
(R20 807 – R39 012
in 2015 Rands)
[R8 000, R16 000)
(R10 403 – R20 806
in 2015 Rands)
[R4 000, R8 000)
(R5 201 – R10 402
in 2015 Rands)
R30 000 +
(R39 013 +
in 2015 Rands)
1.2 million
8.9%
2.8 million
21.2%
2.4 million
17.9%
6.4 million
47.7%
0.6 million
4.2%
17. The profile in the top tier has also changed with the number
of black households doubling between 2010 and 2015
17
HOUSEHOLDS IN SOUTH AFRICA: 2010 vs. 2015
(By population group of household head)
Source: AMPS 2015B, 2010B
BLACKS ONLY NOT WHITE NOT BLACK WHITES ONLY
2010 2015
Monthly Household
Income
(2015 Rands)
Monthly Household
Income
(2010 Rands)
< R5 000
[R20 000, R40 000)
[R10 000, R20 000)
[R5 000, R10 000)
R40 000 +
1.8 million
11.6%
3.7 million
23.9%
2.7 million
17.5%
6.6 million
42.0%
0.8 million
5.1%
5 989 685
91%
3 109 529
83%
1 841 895
67%
962 035
53%
345 375
43%
347 615
44%
580 208
32%
498 812
18%
262 407
7%
143 404
2%
< R4 000
[R16 000, R30 000)
[R8 000, R16 000)
[R4 000, R8 000)
R30 000 +
1.2 million
8.9%
2.8 million
21.2%
2.4 million
17.9%
6.4 million
47.7%
0.6 million
4.2%
212 753
3%
380 710
13%
673 706
28%
515 998
43%
316 164
56%
190 409
34%
529 426
44%
1 374 107
57%
2 097 284
74%
5 764 361
90%
18. BIG PROBLEM 3:
Credit journeys often don’t end well. Credit providers with a
higher risk tolerance facilitate entry into formal credit
markets for millions of borrowers. Theoretically they enable
access to better priced, secured loans
18
1.7 M 2.1 M 2.5 M 2.8 M 1.9 M 0.8 M
74 147
97
231
307
296 197 60
184
262
252
222 173 87
206
153
116
96 69 21
265
400
1 005 1 443
783 343
835
908
736 715
688 310
2011 2012 2013 20152014 2016
NUMBER OF
THIN FILE
CLIENTS
RETAIL APPAREL
MICROLOAN
CREDIT CARD
OTHER
FURNITURE
PERSONAL LOAN
THIN FILE CLIENTS
(June 2016, Millions)
Source: XDS data June 2016
(Jan – June)
19. We can follow customers along this journey. Around 90% of
those who opened credit accounts for the first time in 2011
and 2012 are still credit active. This has declined, indicating a
shift to shorter term credit in thin file borrowers
19
Source: XDS credit data
2011 2012 2013 20152014 2016
HAVE AN OPEN ACCOUNT IN JUNE 2016
(By year account first opened)
90% 89% 80% 74% 76% 87%
1.7 M 2.1 M 2.5 M 2.8 M 1.9 M 0.8 M
Jan - June
20. We can follow many of these customers along this journey to
financial ruin and debt distress. Of those who got credit in
2011 and 2012 and are still credit active, around two thirds
are in arrears on at least one credit product
20
Source: XDS credit data
2011 2012 2013 20152014 2016
65% 66% 54% 43% 28%
4%
% OF THOSE WITH OPEN ACCOUNTS IN ARREARS IN JUNE 2016
(By year account first opened)
(Jan – June)
21. Some customer follow a different path. Around 5% of those
who first became credit active in 2011 and 2012 had a
mortgage by June 2016
21
Source: XDS credit data
1.5 M 1.9 M 2.1 M 2.16 M 1.5 M 0.7
5%
7%
25%
4%
6%
19%
3%
4%
14%
3%
3%
11%
2%
2%
9%
1%
1%
6%
NUMBER OF THIN
FILE CLIENTS
STILL ACTIVE
HAVE A MORTGAGE
HAVE VEHICLE
FINANCE
HAVE A CREDIT
CARD
CURRENT PRODUCT HOLDING OF THIN FILE CLIENT BORROWERS
(By year account first opened)
2011 2012 2013 20152014 2016
(Jan – June)
22. The Office of Disclosure publishes data on the reason for
decline for mortgages. Compromised credit histories and
affordability appear to be the main reasons for decline
Unacceptable credit track record 49% 48% 24% 40%
Lack of affordability 10% 18% 45% 39%
Insufficient info/ docs provided 5% 20% 10%
Unacceptable security 2% 4% 10% 3%
Ineligible applicant 3% 6% 15%
Unacceptable exposure (town) 1%
Adverse credit record 3% 4% 5%
Other/ blank data 28% 2%
Not target market
REASONS FOR DECLINE: ALL HOME LOANS
Source: Office of Disclosure, 2012
22
23. Is other credit crowding out housing credit?
23
CREDIT
FACILITIES
MORTGAGES
UNSECURED
CREDIT
SECURED
CREDIT
Source: NCR Consumer credit report. Mortgage 11.25%, 240 months, vehicle 13.25%, 60 months, unsecured 25%, 24 months, facility 25%, 12 months
VALUE NUMBER AVERAGE SIZE
R3.3 bn 9 800
R339 300
R12.6 bn
150 700 R83 800
R15.0 bn 697 300 R21,500
R6.6 bn
1 051 700
R6,300
CREDIT ORIGINATION FOR INDIVIDUALS EARNING BETWEEN R10 000 AND R15 000 MONTHLY
(2015)
R3,560
R1,918
R1,145
TOTAL MONTHY
INSTL.
R35 m
R289 m
R799 m
R623 m
R596
27. And then there are the clubs which look like fun, until they
are sold to people who earn R3000 per month
27
28. 3 293 3 386
5 118
5 952
3 978 3 713 3 942
7 619
BIG PROBLEM 5:
Finally, our last issue is lending to the poor. This one is
particularly tricky. A very noteworthy trend is the rapid
recent growth of short term lending
28
CAGR
SHORT TERM CREDIT GRANTED: 2008 – 2015
Source: NCR
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
13%
3,7 3,9
5,5 6,4 6,2 5,8 6,6
15,0
VALUE OF LOANS
(Billion Rands)
22%
NUMBER OF LOANS
(Thousands)
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
29. Bureau data confirms a significant increase in the microloan
category. What is fueling this?
29
0%
20%
40%
60%
-
700 000
1 400 000
2 100 000
2011-01
2011-03
2011-05
2011-07
2011-09
2011-11
2012-01
2012-03
2012-05
2012-07
2012-09
2012-11
2013-01
2013-03
2013-05
2013-07
2013-09
2013-11
2014-01
2014-03
2014-05
2014-07
2014-09
2014-11
2015-01
2015-03
2015-05
2015-07
2015-09
2015-11
2016-01
2016-03
2016-05
-
700 000
1 400 000
2 100 000
2011-01
2011-04
2011-07
2011-10
2012-01
2012-04
2012-07
2012-10
2013-01
2013-04
2013-07
2013-10
2014-01
2014-04
2014-07
2014-10
2015-01
2015-04
2015-07
2015-10
2016-01
2016-04
-13%
-6%
Source: XDS credit data
NUMBER OF BORROWERS
NUMBER OF ACCOUNTS
NUMBER OF BORROWERS/ ACCOUNTS PROPORTION THAT ARE THIN FILE
TRENDS IN NEW CREDIT GRANTED: MICROLOANS
(Jan 2011 – June 2016)
CAGR
(June 2015 –
June 2016)Number of
borrowers
% that are
thin file
28%
12,670
5%
57,160 48,220 5%
55,810
51,850
1.38 M
1.22 M
1.38 M
1.2 M
1.5 M
30. Lending to grant beneficiaries is a front page story. In 2012,
the South African Social Security Agency (SASSA) migrated
social grant payouts to an electronic, biometric payment
system developed by Net1 UEPS Technologies
30
Source: Treasury (Budget 2016: Estimates of National Expenditure; Vote 17 – Social Development). 2015/16 Expenditure: Adjusted Appropriation. Estimates for
2016/17 – 2018/19. Note: ‘Other’ includes War Veterans, Foster Care, Care Dependency, and Grant-in-aid; Total expenditure estimates exclude Social Relief.
Note: *If older than 75, grant value is R1 520
NUMBER OF GRANT RECIPIENTS
(2012/13- 2018/19)
Millionindividuals
2,8 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5
11,2 11,1
11,7 11,9 12,3 12,6 12,8
1,2 1,1
1,1 1,1
1,1
1,1 1,1
0,7 0,7
0,7 0,7
0,8
0,8
0,8
15,9 15,9
16,6 16,9
17,5
17,9
18,2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19
Old age* – R1 500 Child support – R350
Monthly fee: None
Withdrawals: Free at certain retailers* and SASSA cash
pay points. If funds are withdrawn from an ATM then a
fee applies
POS purchases: Free
Balance enquiry at POS: free
Airtime purchase: R0.50 (can be done via cellphone)
Electricity purchase: R1.00 (can be done via
cellphone)
Debit orders: ?
My balance fee: R0.50
My loan alert fee: R2.00
My deduction fee: R0.75
HOW DO I GET A STATEMENT You can contact the
CPS Call Centre on 0800 600 160 (toll free from a
landline) and ask for a statement to be sent to you
Note*: Pick n Pay / Boxer / Shoprite / USAVE / SPAR
SASSA CARD FEE STRUCTURE
Disability – R1 500 Other
31. That company never hid its intentions to sell additional
products to beneficiaries and expand financial inclusion. Is it
a problem? Hard to tell
31
NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2012
32. Fast forward to May 6, 2016
Statement of the Minister of Social Development
32
Ma Grace
Old age grant recipient
Plagued for months with
unauthorised advanced
airtime deductions from
her SASSA branded
beneficiary bank account
Mr and Mrs Saptoe
Pensioners from Port Elizabeth
Experienced multiple
unauthorised R5 advanced
airtime deductions from
cellphone companies
Doreen and Jacobus Juries
Franschoek, western Cape
Told by funeral insurance
brokers and salespersons
that it was mandatory for
grant beneficiaries to
take out funeral policies
Ms Mlambo
Had R800 deductions from
her SASSA branded account
in an area with no itemised
billing for water and
in a township with
free water provision
Mr. Bani
Pensioner from Nyanga,
Cape Town
His bank statements
exposed three sets of
unauthorised and alleged
fraudulent loan
deductions from credit
service provider, FAJ
Financial Solutions.
Mrs Gxabela
Receives a Child Support Grant
Told that in order to secure a
Moneyline loan she had to sign up
for an Easy Pay Everywhere bank
account. She agreed to open up an
Easy Pay account to get her loan paid
into it. However, this meant that her
monthly grant payments were
automatically diverted from her SASSA
account to her Easy Pay account. This
was not disclosed to her, nor did
anyone get her explicit consent for
this.
She then found it almost
impossible to close the account. A
Moneyline official told her to phone an
office in Gauteng, however this
number was seldom answered and
when it was answered she was put on
hold until her airtime ran out.
33. Fast forward to May 6, 2016
Statement of the Minister of Social Development
33
Ma Grace
Old age grant recipient
Plagued for months with
unauthorised advanced
airtime deductions from
her SASSA branded
beneficiary bank account
Mr and Mrs Saptoe
Pensioners from Port Elizabeth
Experienced multiple
unauthorised R5 advanced
airtime deductions from
cellphone companies
Doreen and Jacobus Juries
Franschoek, western Cape
Told by funeral insurance
brokers and salespersons
that it was mandatory for
grant beneficiaries to
take out funeral policies
Ms Mlambo
Had R800 deductions from
her SASSA branded account
in an area with no itemised
billing for water and
in a township with
free water provision
Mr. Bani
Pensioner from Nyanga,
Cape Town
His bank statements
exposed three sets of
unauthorised and alleged
fraudulent loan
deductions from credit
service provider, FAJ
Financial Solutions.
Mrs Gxabela
Receives a Child Support Grant
Told that in order to secure a
Moneyline loan she had to sign up
for an Easy Pay Everywhere bank
account. She agreed to open up an
Easy Pay account to get her loan paid
into it. However, this meant that her
monthly grant payments were
automatically diverted from her SASSA
account to her Easy Pay account. This
was not disclosed to her, nor did
anyone get her explicit consent for
this.
She then found it almost
impossible to close the account. A
Moneyline official told her to phone an
office in Gauteng, however this
number was seldom answered and
when it was answered she was put on
hold until her airtime ran out.
SMALL DATA POINTS TO POTENTIAL
FOR ABUSE
34. In May 2016, the Minister of Social Development announced
that deductions off these accounts would be restricted. This
had been anticipated
34
“Earlier this year, we published a set of Regulations for public comments aimed at clarifying
existing legislation in terms of what is legally permissible and the level of consent required for
a deduction from a social grant. We received a flood of comments from the financial
services industry asking us why we are doing this. Why do we want to restrict
people’s rights to choice? Why are we going against the goals of financial
inclusion and creating access to financial products for low income earners?....
We (are) appalled that the industry doesn’t see this as a problem. We are also
deeply disappointed in Cash Paymaster Services, the service provider appointed by
SASSA to pay social grants. Instead of carrying out their ‘organ of state’ function
as clarified by the Constitutional Court to implement the applicable laws and
control these deductions, CPS seems to be profitably participating in these
questionable activities through subsidiary companies, under the umbrella of their
parent company Net 1.”
35. Of course, SASSA card holders who wish to access credit can
use other mechanisms. Net1 launched the EasyPay
Everywhere account in June 2015. By March 2016 it had
opened 1 million accounts
35
36. Of course, SASSA card holders who wish to access credit can
use other mechanisms. Net1 launched the EasyPay
Everywhere account in June 2015. By March 2016 it had
opened 1 million accounts
36
39. Better analysis of data also enables lenders, regulators and
other interested parties to monitor conduct and to develop a
shared understanding of the nuances, and the trade offs that
create improved credit markets
39
40. Data is also critical in ensuring that we pay more than lip
service to customer centricity. In summary, big data and
small data can help to put the customer and his or her
realities at the centre. Can we help you do that?
40
41. 41
The XDS Credit Bureau insights presented in this report were all
analysed using the XDS-Eighty20 Credit Portal, and you can
access this data too!
The XDS-Eighty20 Credit Portal is an easy to use web-based
interface that allows users to access data on the 20 million
plus credit active South African consumers. Data can be
analysed by consumer metrics (age, gender, income) or loan
metrics (total outstanding balance, amount in arrears, monthly
instalments). Credit data can also be trended over time to see
changes in the market.
SACCRA members get access to a database which will
allow them to compare their own client base across
other providers in their industry.
For more information visit: http://www.eighty20.co.za/data-
services/consumer-credit-portal/
Or contact Andrew Fulton on andrew@eighty20.co.za
Thank you
QUESTIONS ABOUT THE
PRESENTATION
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If you have any questions related to this
presentation, please contact Illana Melzer on
Illana@eighty20.co.za