Mosquito Mayhem (Cat 41)

Mosquito
Mayhem
(This course is approved by the GDA,
Approval Number R20-00920, which is
the course #)
Recertification Credit: 2 CEU for
Antimicrobial Pest Control
(Category 37)
Jeremiah Ebenzee Spence,
M.Sc., Instructor
Albany Unified Academy
jspence@myaua.org
10/31/2020 © 2020 Albany Unified Academy. All Rights Reserved. 1

Course Outline
Ia. Topic: About MyAUA and Housekeeping……………………………Minutes: 2:00
• Background information on MyAUA and general instructions for the course
and slide deck.
Ib. Topic: Video | Integrated Mosquito Management by American Mosquito
Control Association (AMCA)…………Minutes: 31:56
 This section of the course will cover the basics of integrated mosquito
management (IMM) and related environmental science concepts by Joe
Conlon, Technical Advisor for the AMCA.
II. Topic: Review | Pest Primer and Mosquito Biology ………………….Minutes:
44:00
 This portion of the course will review controls in mosquito pest services
with relevant pest biology discussion. Handout
• III. Topic: Review | Pesticide Chemistry, PPE, Safety, and Environmental
Hazards for ANVIL Pesticide……Minutes: 20:00
This portion of the course will review pesticide chemistry and the label for
ANVIL. PowerPoint presentation.
IV. Topic: Quiz | Multiple Choice………………………………………Minutes:
15:00
Total Minutes: 112:56

About MyAUA
• Founded in 2020 as a Georgia corporation.
Minority-led, seeking to promote diversity,
scholarship and service to humanity.
• MyAUA offers educational services, such as
exam preparation, tutoring, and custom writing
services, for students who are 3rd grade
through college.
• Also offers continuing education courses for
commercial pesticide applicators, which are
delivered in an online format.
• MyAUA delivers website design services as
well. So please inquire.

Housekeeping
• Please compete the training record form. This is how you will
receive credit for the course complete. You need to have at least
a 70 on the quiz to receive credit for course.
• There is information to share in the notes section on some slides.
To turn on this section in PowerPoint, navigate to the View tab on
the main menu. Then click Notes under the Show section (see blue
outline). The notes will appear at the bottom of the
presentation.
• Alternatively, switch to Notes Page view under the Presentation
Views section on the View tab.
• You may receive a notification in PowerPoint to enable
external content. Please allow this content to view the
videos attached to this presentation

Recertification Requirements
Recertification of
commercial
applicators is
required every 5
years according to
the Georgia
Department of
Agriculture (GDA)

Federal Rules and Regulations
• The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
(FIFRA) is the federal law or statute that regulates
the production, transportation, dale, use, and disposal
of pesticides. FIFRA is administered by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
• The Worker Protection Standard provides protection of
agricultural workers and their family.
• According to the Federal Drug Administration
(FDA), tolerance is the EPA-established maximum residue
level of a pesticide chemical that is permitted in or
on a human or animal food in the United States. The
Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996 sets safety
standards of pesticide tolerance levels.

State-level Rules and
Regulations
• The Georgia Anti-Syphon Device Act protects
water supplies by requiring anti-syphon device
on systems delivering irrigation, pesticide,
and fertilizer.
• Georgia Pesticide Control Act of 1976 provides
for the regulation of pesticide use for
insects, weeds, pathogens, and rodents.
• Georgia Pesticide Use and Application Act of
1976, “regulates the labeling, distribution,
storage, transportation, use, and disposal of
pesticides.”
• Records of pesticide use should be kept for two
years for inspection following application.10/31/2020 © 2020 Albany Unified Academy. All Rights Reserved. 7

Label and Labeling Defined
• Read the label: It’s the law!
• What is the difference between "label" and "labeling"?
• Pesticide law (FIFRA section 2(p)) defines the terms as
follows:
• The term label is defined as “the written, printed, or
graphic matter on, or attached to, the pesticide or device
or any of its containers or wrappers.”
• The term labeling is defined as “all labels and all other
written, printed, or graphic matter: (a) accompanying the
pesticide or device at any time; or (b) to which reference
is made on the label or in literature accompanying the
pesticide or device, except to current official publications
of the Environmental Protection Agency, the United States
Departments of Agriculture and Interior, and the Department
of Health and Human Services, State experiment stations,
State agricultural colleges, and other similar Federal or
State institutions or agencies authorized by law to conduct
research in the field of pesticides.”

Container Rinsing and
Recycling
• Some labels call for triple rinsing
and recycling of pesticide
containers.
• Recycling spares the environment of
unnecessary waste and is a green
solution which should be utilized.
• Please read more about this here.

Georgia Clean Day
• Georgia Department of Agriculture Clean Day is
an annual program that offers users the
opportunity to dispose of old, unusable, or
cancelled pesticides to a hazardous waste
contractor for disposal.
• Contact GDA for details: Rick Hayes
(mailto:ricky.hayes@agr.georgia.gov)
Pesticide Program Special Projects
Clean Day Program
Tele: (404)-656-4958
Fax: (404)-657-8378

Safety Precautions
• Toxic chemicals, such as pesticides can harm the skin,
eyes, nose and throat and cause dizziness and muscle
spasms. Excessive contact, particularly with some
concentrates, can cause organ system failure.
• Pesticides are mostly received, transferred, mixed, stored
and applied in closed systems. However, occasional leaks
can present sources of human exposure, thus, potential
dermal exposure of employees is usually minimal except for
maintenance and cleanup jobs.
• Constant, careless and accidental dermal or respiratory
exposure, however, can cause short or even long-term
health effects.
Exposure to pesticides can occur while handling and mixing
the chemicals, working around spray operations,
cleaning/servicing equipment, or disposing of wastes. Systems
for handling the chemicals helps to reduce potential exposure
but does not eliminate the possibility of some routine or
accidental exposure for workers.
Because of the potential hazard of pesticides, there are EPA
label requirements for their handling and use. In addition to
the potential hazards of chronic toxicity, a single or short-
term exposure may cause acute health effects such as:
•Eye irritation, irreversible eye damage
•Allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if
inhaled
•Mild skin irritation, allergic skin reaction, or skin
burns
•Respiratory irritation.
11 10/31/2020 © 2020 Albany Unified Academy. All Rights Reserved.
The risk associated with pesticides
comes from personal exposure during
their application process.
Pesticides can harm the body in
three ways:
 Contact (skin)
 Ingestion (oral)
 Inhalation (respiratory)

Other Safety Precautions
• Don't eat, drink or smoke in the work area; worker's hands can transmit residues
to whatever they touch.
• Wash hands often, especially before using the restroom, smoking or eating.
• Remove gloves to handle paperwork, phones or equipment that others may handle
with unprotected hands.
• At commercial treatment plants, protective clothing must be left at the
plant. If work clothes must be washed at home, keep them separate from other
laundry.
• Individuals who enter pressure treatment cylinders and other related
equipment that is contaminated with the wood treatment solution (such as
cylinders that are in operation or are not free of the solution) must wear
protective clothing, including overalls, jacket, gloves, and boots impervious to
the wood treatment solution, and a respirator.
• Work Practices and Protective Clothing
• Protective clothing requirements will be specified on the product label
attached to the container. It is imperative that the label requirements on
these preservatives be strictly adhered to.
• Posting Documentation and Technical Data
• Certain documentation is available on site when chemicals are used, such as:
• Read Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), available for each treating
compound as shown in included examples.
• Read Technical data sheets, available from manufacturer and/or vendor.

Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
• According to the GDA, the pesticide(s) you use will determine
what PPE is necessary.
In general, PPE includes:
• Long sleeves and pants (disposable sleeves are also an
acceptable alternative to long sleeves)
• Close-toed, non-porous shoes or boats
• Impervious gloves
• Labels often require nitrile gloves, or unlined gloves that
will not absorb chemicals.
• Eye and/or face protection (goggles or face shield)
• Head covering
• Safety equipment must be in good, working condition.
• Dust/mist filtering respirator
• Respirator cartridges should be stored singled and not around
pesticides.10/31/2020 © 2020 Albany Unified Academy. All Rights Reserved. 13

Pesticide Registration
• Types of pesticide registrations:
oSection 3 are the most common type of registration,
which are represented by an EPA registration number.
oSpecial local need (SLN) as Section 24(c) provides
legal provisions for the use of pesticides outside
current labeling. Supplemental labeling must
accompany each pesticide with SLN registration.
oEmergency exemptions under Section 18 applies to
non-labeled pesticides for uses to address emergency
pest threats.
oMinimum risk pesticides under Section 25(b) do not
go through the EPA registration process because of
their safety.

Pest Problems
• Pests become resistance when they become less
susceptible to control measures.
• According to CropLife International, the
overuse of pesticides has led to the following:
Development of pest resistance to pesticides…pest
resurgence, the development of secondary pests into
major pests, an increase in pesticide use, an increase
in production costs, and uneconomic crop production.
These effects have resulted in production of those
crops being abandoned, as well as the contamination of
food, water and soil.
Source: CropLife International (2011). Trainee Manual: Introduction to Integrated Pest
Management. [Available Online] Accessed 6 August 2020. https://croplife.org/wp-
content/uploads/pdf_files/IPM-Trainee-Manual-2011-update.pdf

The Water Cycle

Off-target Movement of
Pesticides
Point Source Pollution:
• Run-off
• Drift
• Leaching
See notes section for
more details.
Source: Tops Water
Protection
Source: BASF

Integrated Mosquito Management
(IMM)
•IMM is a division of integrated
pest management (IPM) provides
safe methods to minimize the
negative effects of pesticide
use.
•Involves holistic practices of
mosquito pest management, using
the most effective tools to
control pest populations.10/31/2020 © 2020 Albany Unified Academy. All Rights Reserved. 18

IMM Control Methods
• IMM involves several control methods, including:
• Biological control, which is the introduction of a
natural enemy or predator to manage pest populations
(e.g., Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, Bti is
used to control mosquito larvae).
• Genetic control creates organisms that are less
susceptible to pests. These organisms are called
transgenetic because their genes have been changed
to include information from another species (e.g.,
use of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, Bti and
Roundup Ready crops).
• Chemical control is the use of toxic substances to
manage pests (e.g., the use of pesticides or
herbicides).

IMM Control Methods (cont’d)
• Mechanical control uses barriers to prevent
entry of pests (e.g., fencing and screening
around a perimeter to block pest entry).
• Cultural control involves habits that
decrease pest populations (e.g., taking out
the garbage regularly as well as other
sanitary measures, regular mowing and
irrigation).
• Regulatory control by quarantine and
ordinance hopes to prevent the introduction
of pests into certain environments.
Quarantine prevents pests from entering areas
which are free from pests. Total elimination
of pests is called eradication.

Integrated Mosquito (IMM) or Vector
Management (IVM) Components
o Education and communication—education of the public
and pest control specialists is central to control
pest populations.
 Personal protective measures involve chemical
and cultural control.
 Control and intervention are accomplished with
pesticides and repellents, such as DEET is
applied to skin; Permanone (a.i., permethrin) is
applied to clothing and shoes only. Picaridin
(IR-3535) is not as commonly used as these
former two.
o Surveillance—Act of searching for mosquito
habitats; capturing mosquitoes using sweep netting;
monitoring is accomplished with a mosquito dipper,

Components of IMM (cont’d)
o Source Reduction—Storm drains are targeted for mosquito abatement and eliminating standing
water is also very effective, which is a type of physical control.
 Open Marsh Water Management (OMWM) refers to the practice of controlling the mosquito
population in salt marshes by creating an appropriate habitat via shallow ditches for
the natural enemies of the mosquitoes; and by reducing flooding in areas that are not
wet on an ordinary basis—thus reducing an environment that would support mosquitoes,
but not their predators.
o Larviciding—Wettable powders (WP) inhibit larvae, along with soluble powders (SP) and
granules (G). Bacillus thuringiensis, israelensis (Bti) and Bacillus sphaericus (Bs),
which are widely-used biorational insecticides; Spinosad, which disrupts acetylcholine
transmission; Methoprene, which is an insect growth regulator mimics a hormone present
in high concentration in early instar, but in low concentration in 4th instar stage;
IGRs kill in the pupal stage by inhibiting the molting process; and larvicidal surface
films. Temephos is an organophosphate larvicide that can be highly toxic to
invertebrates, some birds, and fish if misused. Larvivorous fish, such as mosquito fish
(Gambusia affinis) have been used for mosquito control, but have negative effects on
aquatic life, including amphibians.
o Adulticiding—Ultra low-volume foggers (ULV; 3 fl oz/acre or 10-30 microns; 1 micron is
approx.1/25400 inch) is the most common technique; best done between dusk/sunset and
dawn, which is the crepuscular period, when temperature inversions occur. ULV droplet
size should be checked every 100 hours. ULVs are safest to the public and non-targets.
Pyrethrins, and pyrethroid insecticides like resmethrin are used to combat mosquitoes
in the adult stage along with the following organophosphates: malathion, chlorpyrifos,

Components of IMM (cont’d)
o Barrier Treatment—sprays treat vegetation with
residual product (bifenthrin, permethrin,
deltamethrin)
o Occasionally, mosquitos become resistant to
insecticides due to a change in their genetics
under certain treatment conditions, which is
called selective pressure. The loss of
susceptibility to several types of
insecticides is called cross resistance.

Key Terms
● Toxicity is the measurement of potential harm caused by a substance, e.g.,
pesticide.
● Hazard = Toxicity x Exposure. “Hazard, or risk, is the true concern for the
applicator or handler. It is the potential or probability for harm (injury,
illness, or allergy) to occur because of the combination of the product’s innate
toxicity and the level of human exposure.”
o The signal word indicates the toxicity: Danger-Poison, Danger, Caution, and
Warning. Pesticides that contain the word Danger are very toxic and cause
irreparable skin and eye damage.
o All labels contain, the statement, “Keep out of the reach of children,” unless
waived by EPA.
o Classification of pesticide is determined by toxicity, use and effect on the
environment.
● Toxicity: local (contact) symptoms or effects vs. systemic (acute or chronic).
● Acute toxicity is described by LD50 or LC50 values. The lower the LD50 value of a
pesticide, the less it takes to kill 50% of the population of test animals.
Therefore, the greater the toxicity of the chemical.
● The unit of measurement for the LD50 is milligrams of pesticide per kilogram of
the test animal’s body weight (mg/kg). LD50 is stated for oral and dermal routes
using animal studies.10/31/2020 © 2020 Albany Unified Academy. All Rights Reserved. 24

Pesticide Formulations
Types Abbreviation Overview Advantages Disadvantages Uses
Emulsifiable
concentrates
EC Liquid;
oil-
soluble
active
ingredien
t (a.i.)
Will not clog or
damage sprayer; easy
to pour, transport,
and handle; leave
residual for up to
28-90 days
High [a.i.] leads to
overdosing or
underdosing;
phytotoxic; absorption
through skin is
common; flammable;
solvents causes wear
and tear
To control insects
and weeds around
the buildings.
Low Concentrate
Solutions
S; RTU, RTS Liquid;
ready-to-
use;
contain
1% or
less
active
ingredien
t.
Mixing not required,
thus toxicity is
reduced.
Not widely
distributed; expensive
Can be used to
control a wide
variety of pest and
lawn care
Concentrated
Solutions
C; LC; or
WSC/WSL
Liquid;
concentra
ted a.i.;
which
must be
mixed
with
solvent.
No residues left; do
not clog equipment;
easy to handle. Do
not require excessive
agitation.
High risk of
absorption through
skin; not widely
distributed.
Good for weed
control.
Baits B Liquid or
solid;
contains
low
amount
(5% or
less) of
a.i.
Can be used to
control ants; roaches
and rodents; covers
defined territory;
gel baits are
odorless with minimal
toxicity
Need to be refilled
often; bait shyness is
common. Children and
pets could be harmed;
can causes residue;
risk of cross-
contamination with
other pesticides and
Stations are mixed
with water or other
food and placed
near pest habitat;
Good for insects,
rodents, birds, or
slugs.

• Joe Conlon
from the AMCA
walks us
through IMM.
Minutes:
31:56
IMM by American Mosquito
Control Association
(AMCA)

ANVIL 2+2 ULV
• Contains synthetic pyrethroid for
organophosphate-resistant species of
mosquitoes.
• Recommended PPE include products with barrier
laminate or Viton, which are chemically-
resistant. Applicators and other handlers of
this product should, “wear long-sleeve shirt,
long pants, shoes, and socks.”
• ANVIL 2+2 ULV is toxic to aquatic animals and
bees, so care must be taken to prevent
secondary poisoning in runoff and drift,
respectively.
• ANVIL 2+@ ULV is water insoluble and should

Emergency Response Plan
• Every pesticide
applicator needs to
follow an emergency
response plan,
detailing the actions
that should be taken
in response to a fire,
transportation
accident, chemical
spill, natural
disaster.
• In case of an
emergency, first call
911.
• The next slide has
important numbers to
call in case of an
emergency.
© 2020 Albany Unified Academy. All Rights Reserved. 10/31/2020 28

Emergency Response Contacts
American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC)
515 King Street
Suite 510 |
Alexandria, VA 22314
Toll-Free: 1-800-222-1222
https://www.aapcc.org/
Animal Poison Control Center (APCC)
424 E. 92nd Street
New York, NY 10128-6804
Toll-Free: 1-888-426-4435
(A $65 consultation fee applies, but up to 90% of this
charge is covered if the animal has the ASPCA Pet Health
Insurance.)
https://www.aspcapetinsurance.com/veterinarians/apcc-
animal-poison-control-center/
CHEMTREC
2900 Fairview Park Drive
Falls Church, VA 22042
Toll-Free: 1-800-424-9300
https://www.chemtrec.com/
Georgia Department of Agriculture
Pesticide Division
19 M.L.K. Jr. Drive SW
Room 410
Atlanta, GA 30334
Phone: 404-656-4958
Fax: 404-657-8378
http://agr.georgia.gov/pesticides.aspx
Georgia Department of Natural Resources
Environmental Protection Division
2 Martin Luther King Jr. Drive SE
Suite 1456, East Tower
Atlanta, GA 30334
Air Branch: 404-363-7000
Land Branch: 404-362-2537
Watershed Branch: 404-463-1511
Wildlife Resources Division: 770-918-6401
Emergency Operations Center: 1-800-241-4113
https://epd.georgia.gov/
Georgia State Patrol
Post 40
830 Liberty Expressway, SE
Albany, GA 31705
Phone: 229-430-6585
Dial *477 on mobile phone for spills on public roadways.
National Capital Poison Center (NCPC)
National Poison Control Hotline (human or animal)
(Spanish speakers available) (800) 222-1222
3201 New Mexico Avenue, Suite 310,
Washington, DC 20016
Phone: 202-362-3867
Emergency phone: (Spanish speakers available) 1-800-222-
1222
Fax: 202-362-8377
Email: pc@poison.org (Provide your name, address, and
phone number via email.)
https://www.poison.org/
National Pesticide Information Center (NPIC)
Oregon State University
310 Weniger Hall
Corvallis, OR 97331-6502
Toll-Free: 1-800-858-7378
Email: npic@ace.orst.edu
http://npic.orst.edu/
National Response Center (NRC)
U.S. Coast Guard Sector San Diego
2710 N. Harbor Dr.
San Diego, CA 92101
Toll-Free: 1-800-424-8802
NRC Watch Email: NRC@uscg.mil
University of Georgia (UGA) Cooperative Extension
Dougherty County Cooperative Extension
125 Pine Ave, Suite 100
Albany, GA 31701-2545
Phone: 229-436-7216
Fax: 229-436-6760
Email: uge4095@uga.edu
https://extension.uga.edu/county-offices/dougherty.html
UGA Pesticide Safety Education
Dr. Milton Taylor (Program Coordinator)
0413 Biological Science,120 Cedar St.
Athens, GA 30602 0000
(706) 540-4108
Email: mickeyt@uga.edu
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Region 4
Valerie Nowell
Sam Nunn Atlanta Federal Center
61 Forsyth Street, SW
Atlanta, GA 30303-8960
Email: nowell.valerie@epa.gov
Phone: (404) 562-9555
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Chief, Endangered Species
1875 Century Blvd., Suite 200
Atlanta, GA 30345
http://www.fws.gov/southeast/endangered-species-act/

Conclusion
Please take time to complete the
quiz. And thank you for
completing this course. If you
have any questions, please
contact MyAUA at
jspence@myaua.org.

Mosquito Mayhem (Cat 41)

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