Quality Control Antimicrobial Services Course

Quality
Control in
Antimicrobial
Services I
(This course is approved by the GDA,
Approval Number R20-00917, which is
the course #)
Recertification Credit: 2 CEU for
Antimicrobial Pest Control
(Category 37)
Jeremiah Ebenzee Spence,
M.Sc., Instructor
Albany Unified Academy
jspence@myaua.org
10/31/2020 © 2020 Albany Unified Academy. All Rights Reserved. 1

Course Outline
Ia. Topic: About MyAUA and Housekeeping……………………………Minutes: 2:00
• Background information on MyAUA and general instructions for the course and slide deck.
Ib. Topic: Review | IPM and Environmental Science Refresher…………Minutes: 35:00
 This section of the course will cover the basics of integrated pest management (IPM) and
environmental science. Topics to be covered, included pesticide safety, including
applicable laws/regulations, the water cycle and water safety. PowerPoint Presentation
II. Topic: Review and Video| Quality Control in Swimming Pool
Maintenance……………………Minutes: 25:00
 This portion of the course will review quality controls in swimming pool maintenance,
relevant biocide and key maintenance equipment, including the water quality tester.
PowerPoint Presentation
III. Topic: Video | Water Treatment Training for Cooling Towers, Chillers and
Boilers…Minutes: 21:43
 Ken walks us through water treatment setup for the industrial cooling tower. Key focus
is on automatic feeder equipment and blowdown procedures, which are highlighted in the
video.
IV. Topic: | Review Cooling Tower Checklist, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Cooling
System Basics, Conditioning Chemicals…Minutes: 14:00
 This checklist is the basis of water-cooling tower maintenance according to the U.S DOE.
This topic will also cover cooling systems basics and the discuss the types of chemicals
used in water cooling tower treatment. PowerPoint and Handouts
V. Topic: Quiz | Multiple Choice………………………………………Minutes: 15:00
Total Minutes: 112:43

About MyAUA
• Founded in 2020 as a Georgia corporation.
Minority-led, seeking to promote diversity,
scholarship and service to humanity.
• MyAUA offers educational services, such as
exam preparation, tutoring, and custom writing
services, for students who are 3rd grade
through college.
• Also offers continuing education courses for
commercial pesticide applicators, which are
delivered in an online format.
• MyAUA delivers website design services as
well. So please inquire.

Housekeeping
• Please compete the training record form. This is how you will receive
credit for the course complete. You need to have at least a 70 on the
quiz to receive credit for course.
• There is information to share in the notes section on some slides. To
turn on this section in PowerPoint, navigate to the View tab on the
main menu. Then click Notes under the Show section (see blue outline).
The notes will appear at the bottom of the presentation.
• Alternatively, switch to Notes Page view under the Presentation Views
section on the View tab.
• You may receive a notification in PowerPoint to enable external
content. Please allow this content to view the videos attached to this
presentation

Recertification Requirements
Recertification of
commercial
applicators is
required every 5
years according to
the Georgia
Department of
Agriculture (GDA)

Federal Rules and Regulations
• The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
(FIFRA) is the federal law or statute that regulates
the production, transportation, dale, use, and disposal
of pesticides. FIFRA is administered by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
• The Worker Protection Standard provides protection of
agricultural workers and their family.
• According to the Federal Drug Administration
(FDA), tolerance is the EPA-established maximum residue
level of a pesticide chemical that is permitted in or
on a human or animal food in the United States. The
Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996 sets safety
standards of pesticide tolerance levels.

State-level Rules and
Regulations
• The Georgia Anti-Syphon Device Act protects
water supplies by requiring anti-syphon device
on systems delivering irrigation, pesticide,
and fertilizer.
• Georgia Pesticide Control Act of 1976 provides
for the regulation of pesticide use for
insects, weeds, pathogens, and rodents.
• Georgia Pesticide Use and Application Act of
1976, “regulates the labeling, distribution,
storage, transportation, use, and disposal of
pesticides.”
• Records of pesticide use should be kept for two
years for inspection following application.10/31/2020 © 2020 Albany Unified Academy. All Rights Reserved. 7

Label and Labeling Defined
• Read the label: It’s the law!
• What is the difference between "label" and "labeling"?
• Pesticide law (FIFRA section 2(p)) defines the terms as
follows:
• The term label is defined as “the written, printed, or
graphic matter on, or attached to, the pesticide or device
or any of its containers or wrappers.”
• The term labeling is defined as “all labels and all other
written, printed, or graphic matter: (a) accompanying the
pesticide or device at any time; or (b) to which reference
is made on the label or in literature accompanying the
pesticide or device, except to current official publications
of the Environmental Protection Agency, the United States
Departments of Agriculture and Interior, and the Department
of Health and Human Services, State experiment stations,
State agricultural colleges, and other similar Federal or
State institutions or agencies authorized by law to conduct
research in the field of pesticides.”

Container Rinsing and
Recycling
• Some labels call for triple rinsing
and recycling of pesticide
containers.
• Recycling spares the environment of
unnecessary waste and is a green
solution which should be utilized.
• Please read more about this here.

Georgia Clean Day
• Georgia Department of Agriculture Clean Day is
an annual program that offers users the
opportunity to dispose of old, unusable, or
cancelled pesticides to a hazardous waste
contractor for disposal.
• Contact GDA for details: Rick Hayes
(mailto:ricky.hayes@agr.georgia.gov)
Pesticide Program Special Projects
Clean Day Program
Tele: (404)-656-4958
Fax: (404)-657-8378

Safety Precautions
• Toxic chemicals, such as pesticides can harm the skin,
eyes, nose and throat and cause dizziness and muscle
spasms. Excessive contact, particularly with some
concentrates, can cause organ system failure.
• Pesticides are mostly received, transferred, mixed, stored
and applied in closed systems. However, occasional leaks
can present sources of human exposure, thus, potential
dermal exposure of employees is usually minimal except for
maintenance and cleanup jobs.
• Constant, careless and accidental dermal or respiratory
exposure, however, can cause short or even long-term
health effects.
Exposure to pesticides can occur while handling and mixing
the chemicals, working around spray operations,
cleaning/servicing equipment, or disposing of wastes. Systems
for handling the chemicals helps to reduce potential exposure
but does not eliminate the possibility of some routine or
accidental exposure for workers.
Because of the potential hazard of pesticides, there are EPA
label requirements for their handling and use. In addition to
the potential hazards of chronic toxicity, a single or short-
term exposure may cause acute health effects such as:
•Eye irritation, irreversible eye damage
•Allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if
inhaled
•Mild skin irritation, allergic skin reaction, or skin
burns
•Respiratory irritation.
11 10/31/2020 © 2020 Albany Unified Academy. All Rights Reserved.
The risk associated with pesticides
comes from personal exposure during
their application process.
Pesticides can harm the body in
three ways:
 Contact (skin)
 Ingestion (oral)
 Inhalation (respiratory)

Other Safety Precautions
• Don't eat, drink or smoke in the work area; worker's hands can transmit residues
to whatever they touch.
• Wash hands often, especially before using the restroom, smoking or eating.
• Remove gloves to handle paperwork, phones or equipment that others may handle
with unprotected hands.
• At commercial treatment plants, protective clothing must be left at the
plant. If work clothes must be washed at home, keep them separate from other
laundry.
• Individuals who enter pressure treatment cylinders and other related
equipment that is contaminated with the wood treatment solution (such as
cylinders that are in operation or are not free of the solution) must wear
protective clothing, including overalls, jacket, gloves, and boots impervious to
the wood treatment solution, and a respirator.
• Work Practices and Protective Clothing
• Protective clothing requirements will be specified on the product label
attached to the container. It is imperative that the label requirements on
these preservatives be strictly adhered to.
• Posting Documentation and Technical Data
• Certain documentation is available on site when chemicals are used, such as:
• Read Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), available for each treating
compound as shown in included examples.
• Read Technical data sheets, available from manufacturer and/or vendor.

Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
• According to the GDA, the pesticide(s) you use will determine
what PPE is necessary.
In general, PPE includes:
• Long sleeves and pants (disposable sleeves are also an
acceptable alternative to long sleeves)
• Close-toed, non-porous shoes or boats
• Impervious gloves
• Labels often require nitrile gloves, or unlined gloves that
will not absorb chemicals.
• Eye and/or face protection (goggles or face shield)
• Head covering
• Safety equipment must be in good, working condition.
• Dust/mist filtering respirator
• Respirator cartridges should be stored singled and not around
pesticides.10/31/2020 © 2020 Albany Unified Academy. All Rights Reserved. 13

Pesticide Registration
• Types of pesticide registrations:
oSection 3 are the most common type of registration,
which are represented by an EPA registration number.
oSpecial local need (SLN) as Section 24(c) provides
legal provisions for the use of pesticides outside
current labeling. Supplemental labeling must
accompany each pesticide with SLN registration.
oEmergency exemptions under Section 18 applies to
non-labeled pesticides for uses to address emergency
pest threats.
oMinimum risk pesticides under Section 25(b) do not
go through the EPA registration process because of
their safety.

Pest Problems
• Pests become resistance when they become less
susceptible to control measures.
• According to CropLife International, the
overuse of pesticides has led to the following:
Development of pest resistance to pesticides…pest
resurgence, the development of secondary pests into
major pests, an increase in pesticide use, an increase
in production costs, and uneconomic crop production.
These effects have resulted in production of those
crops being abandoned, as well as the contamination of
food, water and soil.
Source: CropLife International (2011). Trainee Manual: Introduction to Integrated Pest
Management. [Available Online] Accessed 6 August 2020. https://croplife.org/wp-
content/uploads/pdf_files/IPM-Trainee-Manual-2011-update.pdf

The Water Cycle

Off-target Movement of
Pesticides
Point Source Pollution:
• Run-off
• Drift
• Leaching
See notes section for
more details.
Source: Tops Water
Protection
Source: BASF

Integrated Pest Management
(IPM)
•Involves holistic practices of
pest management, using the most
effective tools to control pest
populations.
•IPM provides safe methods to
minimize the negative effects of
pesticide use.

Components of IPM
• The steps of IPM include the following:
 Inspection of site and identification of pests.
 Monitoring of pest threshold levels (e.g., economic threshold
or ET is the level or pest density per unit area at which
pest control methods are required before the pest reaches the
economic injury level or EIL, which is equal to the lowest
number of pests that will cause damage equal to the cost of
pest control. The ET should be set below the EIL. An action
threshold (AT), “is the pest level at which some type of pest
management action must be taken.” AT is zero for some pests.
General equilibrium level is the average population density.
 Develop pest management protocol.
 Evaluate and record results.
 IPM recommends “spot treatments or using reduced rates of
pesticides” O’Conner-Marer (2006).

IPM (cont’d)
• IPM involves several control methods, including:
• Biological control, which is the introduction of a
natural enemy or predator to manage pest populations
(e.g., Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, Bti is
used to control mosquito larvae).
• Genetic control creates organisms that are less
susceptible to pests. These organisms are called
transgenetic because their genes have been changed
to include information from another species (e.g.,
use of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, Bti and
Roundup Ready crops).
• Chemical control is the use of toxic substances to
manage pests (e.g., the use of pesticides or
herbicides).

IPM (cont’d)
• Mechanical control uses barriers to prevent
entry of pests (e.g., fencing and screening
around a perimeter to block pest entry).
• Cultural control involves habits that
decrease pest populations (e.g., taking out
the garbage regularly as well as other
sanitary measures, regular mowing and
irrigation).
• Regulatory control by quarantine and
ordinance hopes to prevent the introduction
of pests into certain environments.
Quarantine prevents pests from entering areas
which are free from pests. Total elimination
of pests is called eradication.

IPM (cont’d)
• IPM involves several control methods, including:
• Biological control, which is the introduction of a
natural enemy or predator to manage pest populations
(e.g., Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, Bti is
used to control mosquito larvae).
• Genetic control creates organisms that are less
susceptible to pests. These organisms are called
transgenetic because their genes have been changed
to include information from another species (e.g.,
use of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, Bti and
Roundup Ready crops).
• Chemical control is the use of toxic substances to
manage pests (e.g., the use of pesticides or
herbicides).

IPM (cont’d)
• Mechanical control uses barriers to prevent
entry of pests (e.g., fencing and screening
around a perimeter to block pest entry).
• Cultural control involves habits that
decrease pest populations (e.g., taking out
the garbage regularly as well as other
sanitary measures, regular mowing and
irrigation)
• Regulatory control by quarantine and
ordinance hopes to prevent the introduction
of pests into certain environments.
Quarantine prevents pests from entering areas
which are free from pests. Total elimination
of pests is called eradication.

Key Terms
● Toxicity is the measurement of potential harm caused by a substance, e.g.,
pesticide.
● Hazard = Toxicity x Exposure. “Hazard, or risk, is the true concern for the
applicator or handler. It is the potential or probability for harm (injury,
illness, or allergy) to occur because of the combination of the product’s innate
toxicity and the level of human exposure.”
o The signal word indicates the toxicity: Danger-Poison, Danger, Caution, and
Warning. Pesticides that contain the word Danger are very toxic and cause
irreparable skin and eye damage.
o All labels contain, the statement, “Keep out of the reach of children,” unless
waived by EPA.
o Classification of pesticide is determined by toxicity, use and effect on the
environment.
● Toxicity: local (contact) symptoms or effects vs. systemic (acute or chronic).
● Acute toxicity is described by LD50 or LC50 values. The lower the LD50 value of a
pesticide, the less it takes to kill 50% of the population of test animals.
Therefore, the greater the toxicity of the chemical.
● The unit of measurement for the LD50 is milligrams of pesticide per kilogram of
the test animal’s body weight (mg/kg). LD50 is stated for oral and dermal routes
using animal studies.10/31/2020 © 2020 Albany Unified Academy. All Rights Reserved. 24

Biocides
● Chemicals that are used to control microbes include the following:
o Halogens, which include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, are strong oxidizing agents.
o Heavy metals, such as mercury and arsenic, are very toxic and have limited uses. Copper derivatives have antimicrobial
action.
o Phenolic compounds, such as carbolic acid, are fungicidal and kill viruses as well. Phenols don’t affect spores.
o Hypochlorites are broad-spectrum antimicrobials and kill spores as well. This type of antimicrobial is used in food prep
services.
o Iodine and iodophors are used to fight spores on the skin.
o Quaternary ammonium compounds or "quats," can be used in locker rooms, toilet, and bath areas. Quats are not
effective against spores or fungi.
o Organo-sulfur compounds are effective against bacteria and fungi.
o Alcohols, except for methyl alcohol, which is highly toxic, provide bactericidal action.
o Aldehydes, include formaldehyde, which kills spores and acts as a disinfectant, must be used in areas with high
humidity, but is preferred over alcohol-containing solutions of glutaraldehyde, which cause skin irritation and are so used
in health settings to sterilize medical equipment.
o Oxiranes such as ethylene oxide (EO) to sterilized medical supplies and equipment that are heat sensitive.
o Ozone gas (O3) is preferred over chloramines for potable water systems, which leave a residue. Be sure to observe proper
temperature and relative humidity conditions when using gases.

Types of Biocides
● Eradication of and sterilization against microbes is desired, although
difficult.
o Prevention of microbe entry and good sanitary practices are primary to
controlling microbes.
o Eliminating moisture can reduce microbe populations.
o High temperatures are used to kill organisms, while low temperatures
are used to limit growth.
o Lastly chemical control involves biocides of many classes, including
the following:
▪ Aged microbes are more resistant than younger ones.
▪ -cides are contact killers (e.g., bactericides and fungicides).
▪ -stats impede or control growth or reproduction (e.g.,
bacteriostats, fungistats)
▪ Sanitizers reduce microbial populations. Sanitizers reduce microbe
populations to safe levels according to public health requirements.
▪ Sterilant kills all microbes, including spores.
▪ Disinfectant kills all microbes, except for spores on inanimate
surfaces.

Pesticide Formulations
Types Abbreviation Overview Advantages Disadvantages Uses
Emulsifiable
concentrates
EC Liquid;
oil-
soluble
active
ingredien
t (a.i.)
Will not clog or
damage sprayer; easy
to pour, transport,
and handle; leave
residual for up to
28-90 days
High [a.i.] leads to
overdosing or
underdosing;
phytotoxic; absorption
through skin is
common; flammable;
solvents causes wear
and tear
To control insects
and weeds around
the buildings.
Low Concentrate
Solutions
S; RTU, RTS Liquid;
ready-to-
use;
contain
1% or
less
active
ingredien
t.
Mixing not required,
thus toxicity is
reduced.
Not widely
distributed; expensive
Can be used to
control a wide
variety of pest and
lawn care
Concentrated
Solutions
C; LC; or
WSC/WSL
Liquid;
concentra
ted a.i.;
which
must be
mixed
with
solvent.
No residues left; do
not clog equipment;
easy to handle. Do
not require excessive
agitation.
High risk of
absorption through
skin; not widely
distributed.
Good for weed
control.
Baits B Liquid or
solid;
contains
low
amount
(5% or
less) of
a.i.
Can be used to
control ants; roaches
and rodents; covers
defined territory;
gel baits are
odorless with minimal
toxicity
Need to be refilled
often; bait shyness is
common. Children and
pets could be harmed;
can causes residue;
risk of cross-
contamination with
other pesticides and
Stations are mixed
with water or other
food and placed
near pest habitat;
Good for insects,
rodents, birds, or
slugs.

Swimming Pool Maintenance
Treatment of swimming pools complies with state and municipal regulations.
o Recirculation and filtering of water is accomplished by equipment every 6 to 12
hours.
o The non-neutral pH of a pool affects swimmer comfort, causes corrosion, and
increases the level of staining. Adjusters are added to maintain near neural pH.
▪ To lower pH, muriatic acid or sodium bisulfate is applied.
▪ To raise pH, soda ash or bicarbonate of soda are used.
o Water hardness is controlled by calcium chloride or by draining and refilling the pool
to adjust calcium and magnesium ion levels.
o Microbes are controlled by chlorine-containing compounds and quats. Quats are
more effective against gram-positive vs. gram negative bacteria.

Swimming Pool Maintenance
(cont’d)

Water quality tester for
swimming pools

Parts of Industrial Water
Cooling Tower
Counter flow tower by Sara Cooling Towers (2018)
(Orr,
2017)

Open vs Closed Loop Towers
Source

Water Treatment Training for
Cooling Towers
• Ken and Blair
discuss the
basics of
water
treatment
setup. Time:
21:43

Cooling Tower Maintenance
Checklist
Please review the handout by
the U.S. Department of Energy
over cooling tower
maintenance.

Biofilm Formation
• Biofilm is a
protective
aggregation
of bacteria
that has five
stages of
development
shown here.

Molybdate and
nitrates are
inhibitors used
to correct
scaling and
corrosion in
open loop
systems, which
require more
maintenance
because these
are open to
Please open this link to
learn more about
molybdate uses for water
system treatment.
Pesticide
Preview

Emergency Response Plan
• Every pesticide
applicator needs to
follow an emergency
response plan,
detailing the actions
that should be taken
in response to a fire,
transportation
accident, chemical
spill, natural
disaster.
• In case of an
emergency, first call
911.
• The next slide has
important numbers to
call in case of an
emergency.
© 2020 Albany Unified Academy. All Rights Reserved. 10/31/2020 37

Emergency Response Contacts
American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC)
515 King Street
Suite 510 |
Alexandria, VA 22314
Toll-Free: 1-800-222-1222
https://www.aapcc.org/
Animal Poison Control Center (APCC)
424 E. 92nd Street
New York, NY 10128-6804
Toll-Free: 1-888-426-4435
(A $65 consultation fee applies, but up to 90% of this
charge is covered if the animal has the ASPCA Pet Health
Insurance.)
https://www.aspcapetinsurance.com/veterinarians/apcc-
animal-poison-control-center/
CHEMTREC
2900 Fairview Park Drive
Falls Church, VA 22042
Toll-Free: 1-800-424-9300
https://www.chemtrec.com/
Georgia Department of Agriculture
Pesticide Division
19 M.L.K. Jr. Drive SW
Room 410
Atlanta, GA 30334
Phone: 404-656-4958
Fax: 404-657-8378
http://agr.georgia.gov/pesticides.aspx
Georgia Department of Natural Resources
Environmental Protection Division
2 Martin Luther King Jr. Drive SE
Suite 1456, East Tower
Atlanta, GA 30334
Air Branch: 404-363-7000
Land Branch: 404-362-2537
Watershed Branch: 404-463-1511
Wildlife Resources Division: 770-918-6401
Emergency Operations Center: 1-800-241-4113
https://epd.georgia.gov/
Georgia State Patrol
Post 40
830 Liberty Expressway, SE
Albany, GA 31705
Phone: 229-430-6585
Dial *477 on mobile phone for spills on public roadways.
National Capital Poison Center (NCPC)
National Poison Control Hotline (human or animal)
(Spanish speakers available) (800) 222-1222
3201 New Mexico Avenue, Suite 310,
Washington, DC 20016
Phone: 202-362-3867
Emergency phone: (Spanish speakers available) 1-800-222-
1222
Fax: 202-362-8377
Email: pc@poison.org (Provide your name, address, and
phone number via email.)
https://www.poison.org/
National Pesticide Information Center (NPIC)
Oregon State University
310 Weniger Hall
Corvallis, OR 97331-6502
Toll-Free: 1-800-858-7378
Email: npic@ace.orst.edu
http://npic.orst.edu/
National Response Center (NRC)
U.S. Coast Guard Sector San Diego
2710 N. Harbor Dr.
San Diego, CA 92101
Toll-Free: 1-800-424-8802
NRC Watch Email: NRC@uscg.mil
University of Georgia (UGA) Cooperative Extension
Dougherty County Cooperative Extension
125 Pine Ave, Suite 100
Albany, GA 31701-2545
Phone: 229-436-7216
Fax: 229-436-6760
Email: uge4095@uga.edu
https://extension.uga.edu/county-offices/dougherty.html
UGA Pesticide Safety Education
Dr. Milton Taylor (Program Coordinator)
0413 Biological Science,120 Cedar St.
Athens, GA 30602 0000
(706) 540-4108
Email: mickeyt@uga.edu
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Region 4
Valerie Nowell
Sam Nunn Atlanta Federal Center
61 Forsyth Street, SW
Atlanta, GA 30303-8960
Email: nowell.valerie@epa.gov
Phone: (404) 562-9555
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Chief, Endangered Species
1875 Century Blvd., Suite 200
Atlanta, GA 30345
http://www.fws.gov/southeast/endangered-species-act/

Conclusion
Please take time to complete the
quiz. And thank you for
completing this course. If you
have any questions, please
contact MyAUA at
jspence@myaua.org.

References
• Block, H and Soares, C. (1998) Process Plant Machinery. Second
Edition. Butterworth-Heineman Boston.
• Cooling Tower Products (2020). Cooling Tower Parts and Functions.
[Available Online] https://www.coolingtowerproducts.com/cooling-
tower-parts/ Accessed 17 September 2020
• Orr, B. (2017) Blowers, Props and How They Behave (Or Misbehave)
[Available Online] https://www.hvacrschool.com/blowers-props-and-
how-they-behave-or-misbehave/ Accessed 17 September 2020
• Sara Cooling Towers (2018). Here's What No One Tells You About
Cooling Tower. [Available Online]
https://www.saracoolingtower.com/blog/cooling-tower.html/ Accessed
17 September 2020

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