The earth an evolving planet.

1. THE EARTH: AN
EVOLVING PLANET

2. ACTIVITY !
N S
D T

3. ACTIVITY !
E N S I
D T Y

4. ACTIVITY !
M S

5. ACTIVITY !
M S
A S

6. ACTIVITY !
E R T ‘S
I N R
R
E

7. ACTIVITY !
E A R T H ‘S
I N R
R
T E I O

8. ACTIVITY !
E R T ‘S
G
4.6 BILLION
YEARS

9. ACTIVITY !
E A R T H ‘S
E
A G
4.6 BILLION
YEARS

10. THE MASS AND DENSITY OF THE
SOLID EARTH : ESCAPE SPEED
01
04
02 THE EARTH’S INTERIOR
THE EARTH’S AGE
THE EARTH: AN EVOLVING PLANET
03
BLANKET OF THE ATMOSPHERE

11. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, student must have:
1.Identify the mass and density of the solid Earth.
2.Distinguish three distinct layers of Earth’s interior.
3.Explain how geologist identifies the Earth’s Age.
4.Applied the concept of escape speed of the earth.
5.Explain how the earths atmosphere acts like an insulating
blanket that keeps the earth’s surface warm.

12. —Adlai Stevenson
We travel together, passengers on a little
spaceship, dependent on its vulnerable
reserves of air and soil, all committed,
for our safety, to its security and peace.
Preserved from annihilation only by the
care, the work and the love we give our
fragile craft.

13. THE MASS AND DENSITY OF THE SOLID EARTH
A BRIEF HISTORY
•Since the time of Pythagoras, astronomers
have known that the earth’s general shape is
round.
•In Ptolemy’s Almagest (Section 2.4) he
compiled an extensive list of observations
indicating that the earth was Spherical.

14. THE MASS AND DENSITY OF THE SOLID EARTH
A BRIEF HISTORY
•Christopher Columbus an Italian explorer
He mistakenly believed that the circumference
of Earth was very small and that by traveling
west toward what he thought was China, he’d
open up new trade routes.

15. Question
Is the Earth exactly an
spherical shape?

16. Question
Is the Earth exactly an
spherical shape?
- No, the earth is not
exactly in spherical shape,
because it rotates around
its own axis.

19. THE MASS AND DENSITY OF THE SOLID EARTH
•If we are to use a gigantic Calipers we
will found out that the distance from poles
are less than to the distance around the
equator.

20. THE MASS AND DENSITY OF THE SOLID EARTH
•The diameter to the Equator is about
12,756 kilometers (7,926 miles) while
about 12,714 kilometers (7,900 miles) at
the poles and the diameter is The Earth's
equatorial bulge is about 43 kilometers
(27 miles).

21. THE MASS AND DENSITY OF THE SOLID EARTH
•Standard size of equatorial radius in the
solar system is 6378km.

22. Question:
How to find out the
Earth’s Mass?

23. Mass is a measurement of
the amount of matter in
some object. It depends only
on what type of atoms the
object is made of, and how
many atoms there are. Mass
is traditionally measured in
kilograms (kg)

24. THE MASS AND DENSITY OF THE SOLID EARTH
•Acceleration due to gravity (g) =9.8 m/s2
•Universal gravitational constant
=6.6743 × 10-
11 m3 kg-1 s-2
•Radius (r) the distance of the object to the
center of the planet= (6.371 x 106 m). This is
roughly 6,371 kilometers (km)

25. THE MASS AND DENSITY OF THE SOLID EARTH

26. THE MASS AND DENSITY OF THE SOLID EARTH

27. THE MASS AND DENSITY OF THE SOLID EARTH
•Density – is a measure of how well matter is
packed into a given space.

28. THE MASS AND DENSITY OF THE SOLID EARTH

29. THE MASS AND DENSITY OF THE SOLID EARTH
• For rocks have the density between 2000-
3000kg/m³, Water with 1000kg/m and iron
with 7800kg/m3.
• Rocks near surface 2400kg/m3, about half
the average density of the earth. this
difference implies that the core of the Earth
is denser than the average.

30. THE MASS AND DENSITY OF THE SOLID EARTH
Present indicates that the Earth’s core has a
density of some 12, 000 kg/m3.

31. THE MASS AND DENSITY OF THE SOLID EARTH
• This high density implies that the core
contains dense materials, such as iron. The
weight of these overlying layers compress
the core, causing the material there to have
density higher than normal ( than it would
have if it were uncompressed)

35. THE EARTH’S INTERIOR
Crust
Mantle
Core

38. CRUST

39. MANTLE

40. CORE

41. E A R T H ‘S
E
A G

42. The Earth’s Age
• Geologist estimated that the
earth’s age at 4.6 Billion years
from radioactive dating which
uses natural decay rate of
radioactive isotopes.

43. The Earth’s Age
• Most ancient rocks on earth’s surface
are found on Western Australia , have
been dated at 4.2 Billion years while
the oldest known whole rocks, from
Western Greenland and Canada’s
Northwest territories

44. The Earth’s Age
• Most ancient rocks at other locations are
about 3.8 billion years old.
• Geologist estimated that about half-billion
years had to elapse for the crust to melt and
then cool to solidify the first rocks. So it
means that the Earth’s Age is that one of
the oldest rocks plus the time to form them.

48. CREDITS: This presentation template was
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THANK
YOU FOR
LISTENING!

49. QUESTIONS:
How would you describe Earth shape?
- The Earth is an irregularly
shaped ellipsoid.

50. QUESTIONS:
What is the Earth’s density?
-5500kg/m3

51. QUESTIONS:
What is the Earth’s mass?
-5.98x24 kg

52. QUESTIONS:
What are the three distinct layers of
Earth’s interior.?
-Crust, Mantle and core

53. QUESTIONS:
How geologist identifies the Earth’s
Age.
-Radioactive dating

54. What Is Escape Speed?
Escape speed is the minimum speed with which a
mass should be projected from the Earth’s
surface in order to escape Earth’s gravitation field.
Escape speed, also known as escape velocity is
defined as:
"The minimum speed that is required for an object
to free itself from the gravitational force exerted by
a massive object."