For Nursing Students

1. Biochemistry
for
B.Sc.Nursing
VITAMINS & MINERALS
BRAINSTROMING NOTES TO PRINT

2. “WE ARE FOR GROWTH, HEALTH AND WELFARE OF ORGANISM:,
DISCHARGE OUR DUTIES DIRECTLY OR THROUGH COENZYMES;
DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS ARE OUR ALERT SIGNALS;
SATISFIED WE SHALL BE, WITH ADDITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS.”

3.  Vitamin may be regarded as organic compounds
required in the diet in small amounts to
perform specific biological functions for normal
maintenance of optimum growth and health of
the organism.

4. Fat Soluble Vitamins;
 Vit. K,
 Vit. E,
 Vit. D,
 Vit. A
Water Soluble Vitamins:
 B-Complex Vitamin:
 Haematopoitic: Folic Acid, Vit. B12
 Energy Releasing: Vit. B1, B2, B3, B6, B7, Panthonic Aicd
Non B-Complex Vitamin: Vit. C

5.  Are hydrophobic molecules available in the
diet,
 Absorption and transport are associated with
fats.
 Are soluble in fats & oils.
 Can be stored in liver and adipose tissues.
 Bile salt and fats are essential for their
absorption.
 Normally they are not excreted in urine.

6.  Polar molecules and are soluble in water.
 Are easily absorbed.
 Act as coenzyme of different enzymes
catalyst reactions.
 Are not stored in the body.
 They have threshold for urinary excretion.
 Synthesized from plant tissue.

7.  Solubility
 Fat
 Recommended dietary allowances
 900 μg
 Deficiency disease
 Night blindness, Hyperkeratosis, and Keratomalacia
 Upper Intake Level (UL/day)
 3,000 μg
 Overdose disease
 Hypervitaminosis A
 Food sources
 Liver, orange, ripe yellow fruits, leafy vegetables,
carrots, pumpkin, squash, spinach, fish, soya milk,
milk

8.  Solubility
 Water
 Recommended dietary allowances
 1.2 mg
 Deficiency disease
 Beriberi, Beriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
 Upper Intake Level (UL/day)
 N/D
 Overdose disease
 Drowsiness or muscle relaxation with large doses.
 Food sources
 Pork, oatmeal, brown rice, vegetables,
potatoes, liver, eggs

9.  Solubility
 Water
 Recommended dietary allowances
 2.4 μg
 Deficiency disease
 Megaloblastic anemia
 Upper Intake Level (UL/day)
 N/D
 Overdose disease
 Acne-like rash
 Food sources
 Meat and other animal products

10.  Solubility
 Water
 Recommended dietary allowances
 1.3 mg
 Deficiency disease
 Ariboflavinosis, Glossitis, Angular stomatitis
 Upper Intake Level (UL/day)
 N/D
 Overdose disease
 Acne-like rash
 Food sources
 Dairy products, bananas, popcorn, green
beans, asparagus

11.  Solubility
 Water
 Recommended dietary allowances
 16.0 mg
 Deficiency disease
 Pellagra
 Upper Intake Level (UL/day)
 35.0 mg
 Overdose disease
 Liver Damage
 Food sources
 Meat, fish, eggs, many vegetables,
mushrooms, tree nuts

12.  Solubility
 Water
 Recommended dietary allowances
 5.0 mg
 Deficiency disease
 Parensthesia
 Upper Intake Level (UL/day)
 N/D
 Overdose disease
 Diarrhea, Nausea, Heartburn
 Food sources
 Meat, broccoli, avocados

13.  Solubility
 Water
 Recommended dietary allowances
 1.3 -1.7 mg
 Deficiency disease
 Anemia, Peripheral Neuropathy
 Upper Intake Level (UL/day)
 100 mg
 Overdose disease
 Nerve Damage
 Food sources
 Meat, vegetables, tree nuts, bananas

14.  Solubility
 Water
 Recommended dietary allowances
 30.0 μg
 Deficiency disease
 Dermatitis, enteritis
 Upper Intake Level (UL/day)
 N/D
 Food sources
 Raw egg yolk, liver, peanuts, leafy green
vegetables

15.  Solubility
 Water
 Recommended dietary allowances
 400 μg
 Deficiency disease
 Megaloblastic anemia and Deficiency during
pregnancy is associated with birth defects
 Upper Intake Level (UL/day)
 1,000 μg
 Overdose disease
 May mask symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency; other
effects
 Food sources
 Leafy vegetables, pasta, bread, cereal, liver

16.  Solubility
 Water
 Recommended dietary allowances
 90.0 mg
 Deficiency disease
 Scurvy
 Upper Intake Level (UL/day)
 2,000 mg
 Overdose disease
 Vitamin C megadosage
 Food sources
 Many fruits and vegetables, liver

17.  Solubility
 Fat
 Recommended dietary allowances
 10 μg
 Deficiency disease
 Rickets and Osteomalacia
 Upper Intake Level (UL/day)
 2,000 mg
 Overdose disease
 Hypervitaminosis D
 Food sources
 Fish, eggs, liver, mushrooms

18.  Solubility
 Fat
 Recommended dietary allowances
 15 mg
 Deficiency disease
 Deficiency is very rare, sterility in males and
abortions in females, mild hemolytic anemia in
newborn infants
 Upper Intake Level (UL/day)
 1,000 mg
 Overdose disease
 Increased congestive heart failure
 Food sources
 Many fruits and vegetables, nuts and seeds

19.  Solubility
 Fat
 Recommended dietary allowances
 120 μg
 Deficiency disease
 Bleeding diathesis
 Upper Intake Level (UL/day)
 N/D
 Overdose disease
 Increases coagulation in patients taking warfarin
 Food sources
 Leafy green vegetables such as spinach, egg
yolks, liver

20. Thank You