21. Procedure in Boring Etched PCB of AC/DC Power
Supply
1.1 Loosen the chuck by using a precision screwdriver
and change the drill bit. This is done in a
counter clockwise movement.
1.2 Insert the drill bit 1mm diameter in
size and attach it to the chuck of the
unit.
1.3 Turn the precision screwdriver clockwise to tighten
the jaw of the unit. Be sure that the drill bit is well
secured on the chuck.
1.4 Before inserting the 12 volts adaptor, you should
turn off the unit.
22. 1.5 Test the rotation of the unit if it is well aligned. If not, align it
following steps no. 1 and 2.
2. How to Use a Mini Drill
To control the unit, hold the mini drill at the lower part and firmly
position your arm.
Then with the mini drill held perpendicularly to your work surface,
lightly press downward to the holes to be drilled in the PCB but be sure
that the PCB has a piece of wood under it to avoid damaging the table.
With practice, you will be able to get the procedure correctly.
23. 3. Boring Procedure
1.Mark where the holes are to be drilled. This is to
ensure proper location of holes for the components
terminal. Carefully mark the holes to be drilled with a
pointed object.
24. 2. Using mini drill bore hole perpendicularly to the
surface of the PCB with arrow marking.
3. Clean the surface of the PCB and look for open
line or short circuit.
4. Apply varnish on the clad surface to prevent it
from corrosion.
25. Internal Parts of AC/DC Multi-Secondary Unregulated
Bridge-type Power Supply
1. Transformer is a component that consists of
two or more coils which are coupled together
by magnetic induction.
26. 2. Fuse Holder & Fuse is used to protect the unit from
any sudden short circuit from the load or too much
fluctuation of power from the line source.
27. 3. Bolt and nut is used to fix the PCB and other
parts inside the chassis.
4. Rectifier Diode is an electronic device which
only allows current to flow in one direction.
28. 5. Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is a conductive pattern
formed on one or both sides of an insulating base
by etching, plating or stamping. This contain the
components that comprises the bridge-type power
supply(diode, capacitor, resistor, and LED).
29. 6. Electrolytic Capacitor is an electronic component
that acts as a filter. It removes ripples from the
output of the rectifier circuit.
30. 7. Resistor is a component that restricts the flow
of current (eg. To limit the current passing
through the LED). It is used with a capacitor in a
timing circuit.
31. 8. Rotary Switch is a switch that is operated by
a rotating shaft and used to select an output
voltage available.
32. Auxiliary Components/ Parts of Power Supply
1. On-Off switch is used to switch on and off the circuit.
2. Fuse Holder & Fuse
3. AC Plug with Cord is used for connecting the 220V input
voltage
of the power supply.
4. Rubber grommet is used to protect the output wire of the
alligator
clip.
5. Selector Knob is a plastic holder of the selector switch.
6. Neon Lamp is for 220V AC monitoring lamp.
7. LED Power Indicator is used to indicate that the power
supply in “ON” position.
66. Components of 5s
SORT : Identify and separate necessary items from the
unnecessary by:
Segregating useful from non-useful items; Recycling items;
Disposing properly of non-useful
Procedures:
STEP 1: Look around your workplace with your colleagues.
Discover and identify items which are unnecessary to your
work.
STEP 2: A Disposal Notice with a date can be done to an item
that you cannot decide if it is necessary or not, and set the
item aside. After a period of time, check if no one needed the
item. If no one needed the item, disposal can be done.
67. SYSTEMATIZE: Neat placement and identification of
needed items by:
Studying the use of items and the frequency of their
use; Considering space or location for storing the things
needed to be kept and to be disposed; Making safety the
priority.
Procedures:
1: Make sure that all unnecessary items are
eliminated from your workplace. Then think of what
things should be put where, taking into account the
flow of your work.
68. SWEEP: Maintaining a clean work place; arranging
things in order; Placing proper labels or tags.
Clean as you work
Smell unusual odors
Clean with inspection
Never throw anything and make it your habit.
Learn to pick-up tiny pieces of waste around you.
Clean as you go.
69. STANDARDIZE: Standardize clean-up activities by:
• Sustaining five-minute daily clean up habit;
• Keeping a balance between personal cleanliness and
the cleanliness of the environment;
• Avoiding littering;
• Maintain high standard of housekeeping or equipment
cleaning and checking procedures.
70. SELF-DISCIPLINE
• Instilling the ability of doing things the way they are
supposed to be done;
• Do things spontaneously without being told or ordered is to
make everyone practice 4S WILLINGLY and spontaneously
as a habit or way of life.
71. The following must be emphasized to create and
motivate all students to practice this 5s:
Treat the School/workplace as your (own) seco
nd home.
You are spending more of your ‘waking time’ in
school/workplace than at home.
Your school/workplace is an important place w
here you acquire knowledge and skills needed i
n life.
72. Procedure in Testing the Finished Power
Supply
1. Mount the auxiliary components on the chassis.
2. Fit the PCB and transformer with nut and bolt.
3. Guided with schematic diagram, connect the PCB to
all auxiliary components.
4. Observe polarity and safety at all times.
5. Check the connections with an Ohmmeter.
6. Fix the mounting of all the components and make sure
to use rubber bushing for wires going out of the chassis.
7. Double check the connections.
8. Ask your teacher to inspect your work.
9. Plug your work and measure output voltages.
73. OPERATION OF AN ELECTRIC FAN,
PARTS AND FUNCTIONS
•Operation of an electric fan
•Electric Fan is an air moving machine used to
cool with an AC motor connected to the 60 Hz
power source which converts electrical energy
to mechanical energy in order to generate a
moving air.
74. PARTS OF AN ELECTRONICALLY-CONTROLLED
ELECTRIC FAN (STAND FAN)
•Front Guard. It is a protective metal mesh wire used to
prevent the fan blade from any physical contact with
foreign objects.
•Guard Mark. It is a logo of the manufacturer of the
electric fan which is mounted at the center of the front
guard.
•Switch Box . It is a panel board for the controls of the
electric fan.
75. •Outer Pipe. It is a metal tube attached to the base
stand of the electric fan.
•Base Stand. It is the bottom or lowest part of the
electric fan where it stands on and serves as a
foundation.
•Blade. It is a propeller made out of plastic or metal
attached to the motor shaft which agitates air when
the motor rotates.
•Remote Control.It is a transmitter device used to
control the
76.
77. •Power Controller. It is an electronic switching circuit driven by
a command by means of soft-touch switch system or from a
remote command.
•Sensor. It is the input receiver that detects input signal
coming from remote control.
•Manual Control. It is a push button switch that controls
manually the operation of the electric fan.
•Non-polarized Capacitor. A low reactance non-polar
capacitor connected in series with the start winding of an
electric fan.
•Timer. It is used to switch on or switch off automatically with
78. •Comparator. It is a processing circuit that accepts the
input signal coming from remote control, manual
switch, or timer switch. This circuit provides the
triggering voltage to the power controller.
•AC Motor. It is a rotating electric machine which
changes applied electrical energy or power into
mechanical output energy or power.
•AC Plug. It is a connector intended for connecting to
the main source 220 V.
79.
80.
81. HOW A BLENDER OPERATES
•A blade inside a jar is connected to a motor shaft inside
the unit. The blade speed is controlled by varying
electric current at the motor using one or more
switches.
•Blenders are used both at home and commercial
kitchens for various purposes:
1.to crush ice in drinks;
2.to make smooth purées of semi-solid ingredients such
as cooked vegetables and meat;
82. 1.to reduce small solids such as spices and
seeds to powder or nut butters;
2.to blend mixtures of powders, granules,
and/or liquids thoroughly; and
3.to help dissolve solid into liquid.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88. •Selector switch is used to control the speed of
the motor. It comes in different speed. Modern
blenders offer a number of possible speeds.
89.
90.
91. GIVE THE FUNCTION OF THE FOLLOWING
PARTS OF ELECTRIC FAN:
1.Front Guard
2.Guard Mark
3.Switch Box
4.Inner Pipe
5.Outer Pipe.
6.Base Stand
7.Blade
8.Remote Control
92. •Troubleshooting Guide
1.Conduct a quick diagnosis of the trouble symptom and repair
the defective set in the shortest possible time.
2.When troubleshooting integrated circuits2 (ICs) in the
electrical/electronic circuit section, do not remove the IC from
the PCB.
3.When troubleshooting in the electrical/ electronic circuit section,
prior to pre-testing, consider voltage measurement on
components first before removing it for testing.
4.If the trouble symptom is caused by aging components3, the
93. 5. Be familiar with the usual defects4 of components. (e.g.
capacitors usually become leaky, shorted or open/ resistor
increase their resistance when they become defective/ semi-
conductors such as transistors usually become open or shorted)
6. Don’t replace an opened fuse5 or burned resistor unless you
have corrected the trouble.
7. Always suspect a faulty contact on mechanical switch6 circuit
rather than defective electronic components.
8. When measuring resistance7 in the circuit, make sure that the
circuit if OFF and power is not being supplied in the circuit, and
that stored charges in capacitors are properly discharged.
94. 9. Use soldering irons with the proper power rating to
prevent the components and the circuit board from
being overheated8 and damaged.
10. Use proper tools and soldering aids9 when
troubleshooting PCB.
11. Dry solder joints are hard to detect. However,
when they are found or
suspected, remove the components from the PCB;
then, file or clean the leads and solder the joints back.
12. USE Personal Protective Equipment.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is defined in the
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) as a tool
used to protect workers from injury or illness.
The types of Personal Protective Equipment
• Personal Protective Equipment is classified according to target org
ans potentially affected the risk of danger.
102.
103. •REMINDERS FOR COMPONENT REPLACEMENT
1. Determine the description of the values and ratings of
the individual defective parts using the manufacturer’s
service manual.
2. Identify the sources of the replacement
components/parts.
Original replacement components from the original
factory sources
Universal replacement components from independent
factory sources
104. Tolerance. The ability to provide exact value or acceptable
parameters to replacement parts.
Availability. The local access to parts and whether the parts are
available .
Price. Refers to the affordability of the replacement parts at a
reasonable price.
4. Disconnect or remove properly the electrical/mechanical
parts of Rice Cooker
5. Install correctly the replacement parts and other components
6. For burnt components where values are impossible to
105. 7. Double check the testing procedure in suspected
defective components.
8. Check the nearby components for possible
consequence of being damaged too.
9. Consider the original orientation/connection of the
components in replacing defective one.
10. Observe safety at all times.
106. You have blender/electric fun in your house,
how can you maintain to make it works and
what are the ways you are doing to avoid
unnecessary things on incidents upon using
it?
