Biodiversity & It’s Contemporary Implication AND Destruction & Conversion Of Biotic Regions

1.  genetic strain
Species
Habitant
ecosystem
Biodiversity & It’s
Contemporary Implication
AND
Destruction & Conversion Of
Biotic Regions
PRESENTATION ON

2. Jarin Fardous Jakia
Reg No. 2016135018
Sajid Hamid Talukder
Reg. No. 2016135028
Sabbir Ahmed
Reg No. 2016135046
Chowdhary Mansura
Mehrun
Reg No. 2015235069
PRESENTED
BY…
G
R
O
U
P
(C)
Dept. of Geography and Environment
Shahjalal University of Science and Technology,
Sylhet.

3. What does “biodiversity”
mean?
“BIODIV
E-
RSITY”
“BIOS”
(Life)
“DIVERSITAS”
(Differences)
Biodiversity
• Biological
diversity Variety of life
of life)
Number and
types of
species on an
area
Genetic strain
Habitat
Species
ecosystem

4. How can we define biodiversity?
 “The variety among living organisms from all
sources, including , ‘inter alia’, terrestrial, marine
and other aquatic ecosystem and the ecological
complexes of which they are part: this includes
diversity within species, between species and of
ecosystem.”
-United Nations Earth Summit (1992) in Rio de
Janeiro.
 “Biodiversity is the variety of the world’s organisms
, including their genetic diversity and the
assemblage they form”
-World Resource Institute

5.  So we can say-
Biodiversity is the variety of plant and animal
life in the world or in a particular habitat, a
high level of which is usually considered to
be important and desirable.
Father of biod –
Edward O. Wilson

6. What are the types of
biodiversity?
Ecosystem diversity
Species diversity
Genetic diversit

7.  Ecological diversity
◦ An assemblage of species living in the same area
and interacting with an environment
◦ Include above the species like-
Community diversity
Habitat diversity- range of habitats
Landscape diversity - biomes
◦ Different habitats, species, niches.

8. • Species diversity
— the number or variety of species in a particular
region or ecosystem
—The smaller the organism, the smaller the variation
(known)
• Genetic diversity
− Includes the differences in DNA composition among
the species of a given region
− Allow individuals to adapt to different conditions
− Increases the ability of surviving during the natural
changes

9. Ecosystem
forests
wetlands
deserts
grasslands
Species
fish
crabs
frogs
snails
Genetic
Disease
resistance
Varied
nature
Body size
Climatic
condition
BIODIVERSIT
Y

10. Why biodiversity is important?
“ It is reckless to suppose that biodiversity can be diminished
indefinitely without threatening humanity itself”
- Edward O. Wilson
40% of the world economy and 80% of the poor’s need are derived
• Stable environment
• Natural resource
• Food:
• Industrial product
• Medicines
• Opportunities for enjoyment:
trekking, tourism,
photography

11. Tropic level
Complex
ecosystem
Niche
complementory
Keystone
species
Biodiversity and balance of
nature-

12. Ecosystem
services
Balance of
nature
Biological
production
Species
health
Climate
regulation
Soil
formation
Soil quality
Nutrients
cycling
Waste
degradation
Consumptive
value
food
drink
fuel
medicine
Industrial
materials
others
Genetic
resource
enjoyment
aesthetic
Research
and
learning
Social
values
Cultural
values
spiritual
A healthy biodiversity can provide….

13. Impact of human on
biodiversity-

14. Levels of Organizations
 Species
 Population
 Community
 Ecosystem
 Biome
 Biosphere –

15. Grassland
Mostly grass and soil is rich
Desert
Dry; hat at day cold at night ;
poor soil
Tropical Rainforest
Very warm ,very moist (all
time) plenty of sunlight and
rain
Deciduous forest (Temperate)
hot summer, cold winter ;
polar region and tropic region
Coniferous forest (Taiga)
Cold climatic region where
cone-bearing trees dominate
Tundra
Bitterly cold covered with
snow and ice
6 MAJOR BIOMES

17. BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT
Bio-geographic region
Significant reservoir of biodiversity
Threatened with destruction
35 biodiversity biomes
2.3% of the earth surface
35% of the global ecosystem

18. Is there any biodiversity hotspot
in Bangladesh?
Bangladesh is not included in any biodiversity
hotspot . But among all the global hotspot ,
Bangladesh lies closely to the Indo-Burma
Hotspot.
She has many similar features in the content of
climate, ecosystem, biodiversity etc. with this
hotspot.
The Indo-Burma encompasses 2,373,000 sq. km of
tropical Asia of the Ganges-Brahmaputra lowlands.

19. BIODIVERSITY: World profile
Existing species (living form) :5-30
million
Identified species : 1.5 million
Green plant and Fungi :300,000
species
Insects :800,000 species
Vertebrates :40,000 species
Micro-organism :360,000 species

20. BIODIVERSITY: World profile

21. BIODIVERSITY: Bangladesh
profile
Indo-Burma regions
Charactarised by rich biodiversity

22. VERTABRATE FAUNA OF
BANGLADESH-
No. of living
species
Total
species
Fishes 251 (inland)
402(marine)
653
Amphibians 251 (inland)
402(marine)
34
Reptiles 109 (inland)
17 (marine)
126
Birds 110 (inland)
3 (marine)
477
Mammals 301 (resident)
176 (migratory)
113
Total 1403
47%
2%9%
34%
8% Fishes
Amphibi
ans
Reptiles
Birds

23. Flora of Bangladesh
Founded plant species : 7,000
Angiosperm : 5,700
woody legume -68
fiber plant -130
medicinal plant -500
orchids -29
and others
Gymnosperm : 03
Pteriophytes : 1,700

24. BIODIVERSITY: Sylhet profile
Ratargul Swamp Forest-
Founded Vertabrate Fauna – 234 species
KhadimNagar Natural Park-
Amphibians 9
Reptiles 20
Snakes 4
Birds 175
Mammals 26
Tree 26
Shurbs 17
Herbs 31
TOTAL 74

25. BIODIVERSITY: Sylhet profile
Lawachara Natural Park-
total plant species -167 species
total vertabrate fauna- 300 species
Amphibians 04
Reptiles 06
Birds 246
Mammals 20

26. Losing
Biodiversity

27. we are losing species 1,000 times
quicker than natural circumstances!!!
16,000 species are
threatened
12% Birds
23% Mammals
32% Amphibians
 150 to 200 species are
extinct every 24 hours
 21% of plants all over the
world are in danger
SAVE US

29. Why our animals and plants are
threatens nowadays?
Over-exploitation of resources
• illegal wildlife trade, overfishing etc
Commercial hunting and poaching
• threatens one-third of threatened mammals and
bird
• threatens large animals that produce slowly
Habitat loss and fragmentation:
• Reduce ability of habitat to support species

30. Climate change
Change in the basic element of ecosystem lead
to biotic change
Alien species
Introduces by human where there are no natural
predators
Disease
Encourage the spread of disease
Pollution
Pollutants, fertilizers, harmful chemical etc.

32. What can we do?

33. What con we do ?

35. Conservation of Biodiversity is
defined as the management of
human use of the biosphere so that
it may yield the greatest sustainable
benefit to the present generation
while maintaining its potential to
meet the needs and aspirations of
the future generations
Conservation of
Biodiversity

36. Types of conservation
In-situ Conservation
Ex-situ Conservation

37. IN-SITU CONSERVATION
 Conserves species in its natural or
even in manmade ecosystems
 Emphasizes protection of total
ecosystems through a network of
protected areas
 Examples:
biosphere reserves
 national parks
wildlife sanctuaries etc.

38. EX-SITU CONSERVATION
 Defined as the conservation of
component of biological diversity outside
their natural habitats
 Involves maintenance and breeding of
endangered plant and animal species
under partially and wholly controlled
conditions
 Examples:
Zoos
Botanical gardens
DNA banks
Seed banks etc.

39. Biodiversity
conversion
In-situ
Sacred groves
and lakes
Wildlife
sanctuaries
marine
terrestrial
Biosphere
reserve
Ex-situ
Sacred home
garden
Botanical
garden, aquaria
Seed banks,
Gene banks

40. Convention of Biological Diversity
(CBD)
 CBD:
-an agreement between countries based on
natural and biological sources.
 Birth of CBD:
- In 1992; at Earth Summit in Rio de Janerio, Brazil.
-The largest meeting on protecting biological diversity.
 Goals:
 the conservation of biological diversity
 the sustainable use of it’s component
 the fair and equitable sharing of the
benefits from genetic diversity.

41. Conversion through out the world…

42. Challenges of
Conservation!!
• Protecting resources for the future
can require people to change the
way they earn their living today
• Conservation regulations must be
informed by solid research and must
try to maximize benefits while
minimizing economic costs
• Population Control
• Imparting Environmental Education