CPD Short presentation on Dynamic Correspondence for interns and S&C coaches

1. Dynamic
Correspondence
Team Durham S&C Team
November 2018

3. But first……
Transfer to sporting performance can occur by multiple mechanisms:
1. Primary transfer – Improvement in the performance of the skill
itself.
2. Secondary transfer – Improvement in a capacity utilized in the
skill.
3. Tertiary transfer – Improvement in a capacity that facilitates later
primary or secondary transfers. Can you think of examples?
Sport specific vs. general training
Variation – vital to an athlete’s progression
Why do we train?
Skill focused vs. Capacity focused

4. What is Dynamic
Correspondence?
Goes back to 1950’s with Russian weightlifters.
Accessory exercises.
Putting together a model.
Using it in secret.
Introduced to the West by
Siff & Verkoshansky in ‘Supertraining’

5. A Team Durham example
Hang clean Vertical Jump

6. 1. Amplitude & Direction of Movement
Kinematic criterion > “it should look like the sporting
skill”
• What angles do the joints move in & in what direction?
• Does the training exercise start in a similar position to which
you do in the sporting skill?
• Is there a temporal pattern between joints in the training
exercise & sporting skill?
• Are the directions similar?

7. Hang clean & vertical jump
• In both movements the recruited
musculature are accelerating the
body vertically.
• Transportation of mechanical energy
from proximal to distal joints.
• Direction of movement?
• Kinematic analysis however……

9. 2. Region of accentuated force
production
What is the joint range of motion when force production is
highest?
• Joint angle specificity of force production.

10. Hang clean & vertical jump
• No clear graph provided but from the data we can conclude that
that there is NOT a correspondence between the HC and VJ.

11. 3. Dynamics of the effort
The effort applied during the training exercise should equal or
exceed that displayed in the sporting skill.
What do you define as effort though?
Differing positions, differing situations……
Principle of overload

12. Hang clean & vertical jump
The clean elicit a sig. greater max. force (2411 N) than VJ (1770 N).
VJ elicited greater power output (4384 W) than the clean (3532 W)
What are we looking to achieve? What type of transfer of training are we after?

13. 4. Rate & time of force production
Time available to produce force in sporting skill & training exercise.
In reality…… time available is often small relative to time required
to reach maximal force.
1) Time availability in both to produce force.
2) RFD – is the RFD quicker in the exercise vs. skill?

14. Hang clean & vertical jump
• RFD in the power clean = 17,254 N . S -1
• RFD in the vertical jump = 3,836 N . S -1
However!!
Time to peak RFD in a HC, 456.9milliseconds
Time to peak RFD in a VJ, 194.7 milliseconds
Therefore can we say that the HC is a suitable
training exercise for VJ improvement?

15. 5. Regime of muscular work
How is the muscle working in the sporting skill?
Does the training exercise match it?
Number of aspects under this criterion:
• What type of muscular contraction?
• Temporal aspects – acyclic or cyclic?
• Use of stretch shortening cycle?
• Aerobic or anaerobic?
Any more????

16. Hang clean & vertical jump
• Both the HC and VJ are acyclic.
• The HC is a closed kinetic chain exercise (Panariello, 1991) &
Prokopy et al (2008) found VJ performance is greater when
training using closed kinetic chain exercises.
• Predominantly concentric contractions in both the HC and VJ.
• A SSC is displayed in both the HC and VJ. But is the SSC greater in
the HC? Thoughts?

17. To hang clean or not to
hang clean?

18. Issues with DC
• An incomplete model – not to be taken & used in isolation to
select exercises.
• Stretch shortening cycle often forgotten due to focus on
starting position.
• Is the emphasis too specific?
• What about periodisation and LTAD?

19. Only the sport skill itself will meet all criteria.
REMEMBER: We don’t have to meet all criteria to conclude that
an exercise is suitable.
What will the exercise be used for?
Transfers of training!
Don’t give too much weighting to one criteria (Criterion 1!!!)
It’s a tool in your toolbox
Read Supertraining

20. Questions / ideas?

21. References
1. Amonette, W.E., Brown, L.E., De Witt, J.K., Dupler, T.L., Tran, T.T., Tufano, J.J., & Spiering, B.A. (2012). Peak vertical jump power
estimations in youths and young adults. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(7), 1749- 1755.
2. Carbonnier, A. & Martinsson, N. (2012). Examining muscle activation for hang clean and three different TRX power exercises.
Independent thesis. Retrieved from Examensarbete.
3. Cram, J.R., Kasman, G.S., & Holtz, J. (1998). Introduction to surface electromyography, Gaithersburg, Maryland, an Aspen Publication.
4. Comfort, P., Allen, M., Graham-Smith, P. (2011). Comparisons of peak ground reaction force and rate of force development during
variations of the power clean. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(5), 1235-1239.
5. Hedrick, A. (2004). Teaching the clean. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 26(4),70-72.
6. Kawamori, N., Crum, A.J., Blumert, P.A., Kulik, J.R., Childers, J.T., Wood, J.A., Stone, M.H., & Haff, G.G. (2005). Influence of different
relative intensities on power output during the hang power clean: Identification of the optimal load. Journal of Strength and
Conditioning Research, 19(3), 698-708.
7. Kawamori, N., Rossi, S.J., Justice, B.D., Haff, E.E., Pistilli, E.E., O’Bryant, H.S., Stone, M.H., & Haff, G.G. (2006). Peak force and rate of
force development during isometric and dynamic mid-thigh clean pulls performed at various intensities. Journal of Strength and
Conditioning Research, 20(3), 483-491.
8. Kilduff, L.P., Beavan, H., Owen, N., Kingsley, M.I., Bunce, P., Bennett, M., & Cunningham, D. (2007). Optimal loading for peak power
output during the hang power clean in professional rugby players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and performance,
2(3), 260-269.
9. MacKenzie, S.J., Lavers, R.J., & Wallace, B.B. (2014). A biomechanical comparison of the vertical jump, power clean, and jump squat.
Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(16), 1576-1585.
10. National Strength and Conditioning Association. (2008). Exercise Technique Manual for Resistance Training. Second Edition.
11. Panariello, R.A. (1991). The closed kinetic chain in strength training. National Strength and Conditioning Association Journal, 13(1).
12. Pandy, M.G., & Zajac, F.E. (1991). Optimal muscular coordination strategies for jumping. Journal of Biomechanics, 24, 1-10.
13. Prilutsky, B.I., & Zatsiorsky, V.M. (1994). Tendon action of two-joint muscles: transfer of mechanical energy between joints during
jumping, landing, and running. Journal of Biomechanics, 27(1), 25-34.
14. Prokopy, M.P., Ingersoll, C.D., Nordenschild, E., Katch, F.I., Gaesser, G.A., & Weltman, A. (2008). Closed kinetic chain upper-body
training improves throwing performance of NCAA Division 1 Softball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(6),
1790-1798.
15. Siff, M.C., & Verkhoshansky, Y., (2009). Supertraining. 6th Edition.
16. Tricoli, V., Lamas, L., Carnevale, R., & Ugrinowitsch, C. (2005). Short term effects on lower body functional power development:
weightlifting vs vertical jump training programs. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(2), 433-437.
17. Umberger, B.R. (1998). Mechanics of the vertical jump and two-joint muscles: implications for training. Strength and Conditioning
Journal, 20(5), 70-74.
18. Van Ingen Schenau, G.J., Bobbert, M.F., Huijing, P.A., & Woittiez, R.D. (1985). The instantaneous torque angular velocity relation in
plantar flexion during jumping. Journal of medicine, science and sports exercise, 17, 422-426.