Uauauajaj I think I need to get you now I think 💞 I can help you out ❤️ I will let sisiisisisisissi the same time different than the other gc's I think 🤔🤔🤔🧐 the same time to go to the said meeting tomorrow at all times and I can get it to me on Monday ni sir kim I will get you some programs in the us that we can go for the next two weeks now I have a few extra hours of sleep and I have some stuff and then I mention that I can do to the body is a little bit of the Filipino people are going to be able it to the office 😜🙂🙂🙂🙂🙂 the morning I have some programs in the us that we are in our prayers I can

1. Leader: Jean Marimat
Members: kristyl Marie Alap-ap
Karen ybanez
jeserhey Nikki Saguban
Warren siglos

2. Concave and convex mirror
A mirror is a surface that reflects a clear image. Images can be of
two types: real image and virtual image. An image that can be
formed on the screen is known as a real image. The one which
cannot formed on the screen is known as a virtual image. These
images are formed when light talks on a mirror from the object and
is reflected by the mirror on the screen.
There can be two types of mirror
1)Plane mirror
2) Curved or spherical mirror

3. The image formed by a plane mirror is always a virtual
image as it cannot be obtained on a screen.
If a curved mirror is a part of a sphere than it is known as
a spherical mirror.
spherical mirrors - are the mirrors having curved
surfaces that are painted on one of the sides. The image
formed by the spherical mirror can be either real or virtual.

4.  There are two types of spherical mirrors
 Spherical mirrors in which inward surfaces are pointed are known as convex
mirror’s, while the spherical mirrors in which outward surfaces are pointed are
known as concave mirrors.

5. If a hollow sphere is cut into parts and the outer surface of the cut part is
painted, then it becomes a mirror with its inner surface as the reflecting
surface.
This kind of mirror is known as a concave mirror. Light converges at a point
when it strikes and reflects back from the reflecting surface of the concave
mirror. Hence, it is also known as a converging mirror. When the concave
mirror is placed very close to the object, a magnified and virtual image is
obtained. However, if we increase the distance between the object and the
mirror then the size of the image reduces and a real image is formed. So, the
image formed by the concave mirror can be small or large and it can also be
real or virtual.

6.  If the other cut part of the hollow sphere is painted from inside, then
its outer surface becomes the reflecting surface. This kind of mirror
is known as a convex mirror. A convex mirror is also known as a
diverging mirror as this mirror diverges light when they strike on its
reflecting surface. Virtual, erect, and diminished images are always
formed with convex mirrors, irrespective of the distance between the
object and the mirror. Apart from other applications, the convex
mirror is mostly used as a rearview mirror in vehicles.

7.  Key Points:
 The image formed by a plane mirror is erect. It is virtual and is of the
same size as the object. The image is at the same distance behind the
mirror as the object is in front of it.
 In an image formed by a mirror, the left side of the object is seen on the
right side in the image, and right side of the object appears to be on the
left side in the image.
 A concave mirror can form a real and inverted image. When the object
is placed very close to the mirror, the image formed is virtual, erect and
magnified.

9. .
Mirages
 Mirages are optical illusions that have fooled many thirsty explorers.

10.  Normally, light waves from the sun travel straight through the atmosphere
to your eye. But, light travels at different speeds through hot air and cold air.
 Mirages happen when the ground is very hot and the air is cool. The hot
ground warms a layer of air just above the ground.
 When the light moves through the cold air and into the layer of hot air it is
refracted (bent).
 A layer of very warm air near the ground refracts the light from the sky nearly
into a U-shaped bend. Our brain thinks the light has travelled in a straight line.
 Our brain doesn't see the image as bent light from the sky. Instead, our brain
thinks the light must have come from something on the ground.

11.  Mirage in optics is the deceptive appearance of a distant object or
objects caused by the bending of light rays (refraction) in layers of air
of varying density.

12.  Under certain conditions, such as over a stretch of pavement or desert air heated
by intense sunshine, the air rapidly cools with elevation and therefore increases in
density and refractive power. Sunlight reflected downward from the upper portion
of an object.
 For example: the top of a camel in the desert—will be directed through the cool air
in the normal way. Although the light would not be seen ordinarily because of the
angle, it curves upward after it enters the rarefied hot air near the ground, thus being
refracted to the observer’s eye as though it originated below the heated surface. A
direct image of the camel is seen also because some of the reflected rays enter the
eye in a straight line without being refracted. The double image seems to be that of
the camel and its upside-down reflection in water. When the sky is the object of the
mirage, the land is mistaken for a lake or sheet of water.

14.  Under certain conditions, such as over a stretch of pavement or desert air
heated by intense sunshine, the air rapidly cools with elevation and
therefore increases in density and refractive power. Sunlight reflected
downward from the upper portion of an object.
For example, the top of a camel in the desert—will be directed through the
cool air in the normal way. Although the light would not be seen ordinarily
because of the angle, it curves upward after it enters the rarefied hot air
near the ground, thus being refracted to the observer’s eye as though it
originated below the heated surface. A direct image of the camel is seen
also because some of the reflected rays enter the eye in a straight line
without being refracted. The double image seems to be that of the camel
and its upside-down reflection in water. When the sky is the object of the
mirage, the land is mistaken for a lake or sheet of water.

16. When the red cellophane, a transparent material, covers the flashlight
the light from the flashlight appears red because the cellophane
absorbs all wavelengths of white light that comes from the flashlight
except for the red wavelength.
This wavelength is transmitted through the cellophane making the
light appear red. The white paper also appears red because the
color white is a reflection of all wavelengths of light together and
therefore is able to reflect the red light transmitted onto it.
The red light is able to completely cover the white paper because no
other wavelengths of light are visible in the darkened room.

17. The red dots cannot be seen because they are reflecting the
same wavelength of light that is being transmitted onto
them. Since the red light is the only light in the room, when it
hits the red dots on the white paper the only wavelength of
light that is reflected back is red. There is no contrast
between two different colors caused by multiple wavelengths
of light so the colors cannot be distinguished from one
another.

18. The possible wavelengths reflected by a material are first
determined by the wavelengths falling on it, then by the
wavelengths not absorbed by the material.

19. Interior lights have varied wavelengths. Fluorescents are
different than incandescents, are different than sodiums, and
are different than the Sun.
The sun projects all wavelengths our eyes can perceive. A
material exposed to sunlight will reflect all wavelengths,
minus those absorbed, that our eyes are able to view. Any
other light source, like an indoor source, may not include all
wavelengths, colors, and therefore they cannot be reflected.
As a result, the appearance of the material is limited to the
color of the light falling upon it and then reflected.

21.  Halo - is the term for various circles or arcs of light around the sun
or Moon, caused by refraction of light as it moves through ice
crystals in the atmosphere. If colors are present the reddish tones
are at the inner part of the rings.
 Halos are large – in the most common halo, the angle between the
Centre and the ring is 22 degrees (approximately the angle defined
by the span of a hand at arm’s length, as in this example), but other
even larger halos are also possible.

23. Sundog (mock Sun, or parahelion), - is type of halo consisting
of a pair of bright spots to the left and right of the Sun.

24.  Secondary Rainbows are fainter than a primary rainbow
 A secondary rainbow appears outside of a primary rainbow and
develops when light entering a raindrop undergoes two internal
reflections instead of just one (as is the case with a primary
rainbow).
 The intensity of light is reduced even further by the second
reflection, so secondary rainbows are not as bright as primary
rainbows. Alternatively: fewer light rays go through the four-step
sequence than the three-step sequence.

26.  The color scheme of the secondary rainbow is opposite of the primary
rainbow. Violet light from the higher drop enters the observer's eye,
while red light from the same drop is incident everywhere.
 Simultaneously, red light from the lower drop enters the observer’s eye
and violet light is not seen. This is why the colors of a secondary
rainbow change from violet on the top to red on the bottom.

28.  A set of interference rainbows just inside the primary
rainbow. Supernumerary bows occur when raindrops
responsible for the main rainbow are much uniform in size.
 Slightly different ray paths through a raindrop yield slightly
different path lengths and slightly larger exit angle. As a
result, there is constructive and destructive interference of
each color in the spectrum as a function of ray exit angle,
and a set of bows become visible inside the primary rainbow.
 Usually, there are some variations in size of raindrops, and
the supernumeraries are washed out altogether. There is
almost always some washing out of colors, and the bows
show much green and red in them, and not the other colors
in the spectrum.

29. When the sky gets darker, it’s a sign to get our umbrellas and
rain coats ready for a heavy rain coming. But do you know
why it gets darker?
Rain clouds are usually a darker shade of gray because the
light doesn't scatter to the base that it appears gray as you
look from the ground.


30. Clouds are formed when radiant energy from the
sun heats the water, the water molecules gets
excited and continuous absorption of energy
results to evaporation.


32.  As the sun continuously gives off energy, clouds get thicker and
denser as it gathers more water droplets and ice crystals.
 Water droplets in the clouds naturally absorbed the light without
giving it off fully, therefore making it look darker in the ground
level. Light travels as waves of different lengths giving its own
unique color depending on its wavelength. Clouds are white
because their water droplets or ice crystals are large enough to
scatter the light of the seven wavelengths (red, orange, yellow,
green, blue, indigo, and violet), combining to produce visible white
light.

33. Rain clouds are gray instead of white because of
their thickness, or height — the thicker it gets,
the less light it scatters, consequently, less light
penetrates all the way through. The larger the
water droplets get, the more it is efficient at
absorbing light, rather than scattering it. This
explains why rain clouds get darker shade of
grey.

34. Take a look at light through a prism and notice all the
different colors that you can see. Light that looks white to our
eyes is actually made up of many different colors.
Each color can be thought of as a light wave with a different
wavelength (or size). Within the small range of wavelengths
(or colors) that we can see with our eyes, the shorter waves
are blue and the longer ones are red. Colors such as green,
yellow, and orange lie in between the blue and red ends of
the visible spectrums

35.  When light comes from the sun, all these light waves of different wavelengths
travel through empty space. When they reach Earth’s atmosphere, the light
waves can interact with particles in the air like dust, water droplets, and ice
crystals. Because of the extremely small size of visible light waves (less than
one millionth of a meter), these light waves also interact the tiny gas
molecules that make up the air itself. The light waves bounce off these
particles just like you might bounce and get jostled in a busy hallway. As the
light waves bounce in lots of different directions, we say they have been
scattered.
 How light waves get scattered depends strongly on the size of the particle
compared with the wavelength of the light. Particles that are small compared
with the light wavelength scatter blue light more strongly than red light.
Because of this, the tiny gas molecules that make up our Earth’s atmosphere
(mostly oxygen and nitrogen) scatter the blue portion of sunlight in all
directions, creating an effect that we see as a blue sky.

36. Blue Sky
Within the visible range of light, red light waves are scattered
the least by atmospheric gas molecules. So at sunrise and
sunset, when the sunlight travels a long path through the
atmosphere to reach our eyes, the blue light has been mostly
removed, leaving mostly red and yellow light remaining. The
result is that the sunlight takes on an orange or red cast,
which we can see reflected from clouds or other objects as a
colorful sunset (or sunrise).

37.  Sunset
 Small particles of dust and pollution in the air can contribute to (and
sometimes even enhance) these colors, but the primary cause of a blue sky
and orange/red sunsets or sunrises is scattering by the gas molecules that
make up our atmosphere. Large particles of pollution or dust scatter light in a
way that changes much less for different colors. The result is that a dusty or
polluted sky is usually more grayish white than blue.
 Similarly, cloud droplets (typically 10 millionths to 100 millionths of a meter)
are much larger than visible light waves, so they scatter light without much
color variation. This is why light scattered by clouds takes on the same color as
as the incoming light. For example, clouds will appear white or gray at midday
and orange or red at sunrise or sunset. In this way, clouds act as a screen on
which nature’s colors are painted. This is why sunsets or sunrises are so much
prettier when some clouds are available to show us the colors.