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CONTENTS
1. Abstract Page 2
2. Introduction Page 3-4
3. Literature Review Page 5
4. Methodology Page 6
5. Minutes of Interview Page 7
6. Updates on Recommendations Page 8-9
7. Outcomes Page 10
8. Bibliography Page 11

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Abstract
The Constitution of India provides uniform rule over the whole country but certain regions of
the country are governed by special provisions. These provisions ensure the protection of
cultural identities, customs and economic and political interests of the original inhabitants of
these areas. However, even sixty-nine years after the independence, not much significant
progress has been noticed. A lot of welfare policies have been introduced by the government
from time to time, but there is a need for a structured scrutiny to maintain their relevance. The
report aims to look at these policies with reference to the tribes in Goa, which, not known to
many, incidentally has a substantial population of tribal groups. A comprehensive study of
the existing policies points out that the real problem lies in their inefficient implementation.
The report looks at the implementation of these policies, general awareness, their feasibility
and effectiveness in terms of objectives yet unfulfilled. It is focused on doing investigation to
understand the socio-economic impact thereafter the implementation. The investigation
would be based on literature review - studying various available records to understand the
effectiveness of the policies so far, followed by survey-based pilot studies of a sample size, to
measure the satisfaction of the beneficiaries with respect to these policies. Personal
interviews with the authorities, focused group interviews and success stories will be analysed.
Based on the findings of previous pilot studies, certain governmental projects have been taken
as benchmarks for this research. This report will provide valuable information regarding the
current status of tribal population in Goa, and contribute towards their betterment through the
recommendations provided.
Keywords: Tribal, Welfare policies, Socio-economic, Inefficient implementation, Pilot
studies, Literature Review.

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INTRODUCTION TO THE REPORT
India is a country of vast diversities, with a substantial tribal population. They
have a share of as much as 20% of the population in the Central Indian and
North-east Indian states which makes their participation in policy making
mandatory. Tribal regions despite dense in terms of population lag behind in
the domains of primary education, sanitation, healthcare facilities, etc. This
raises doubt about they being neglected by the governing bodies from the
policy making arena. This is also shocking for a country like India that boasts
of a democratic approach for policy making.

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PURPOSE OF STUDY
Through this report we aim to suggest reforms in the policies for the welfare of
tribals in Goa. For this, the conclusions from the subsequent research of the
on-going policies and welfare schemes will serve as the basis for our report.
More emphasis has been laid on the continuity and sequence of actions
taken, so as to ensure smooth functioning of the project for a longer time
period. The methodologies followed by to achieve the goals targeted have
been further explained in greater detail.
SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
This report serves as a tool to bring to light the deplorable condition of primary
education in areas of significant tribal population, their lagging behind in terms
of essential healthcare facilities and hardships faced by them in order to avail
amenities from government bodies. Also, this report can serve the directorate
office in Goa to realize the complications of policy execution at ground level
about which they are naïve due to their relatively recent establishment.
Besides, the aforementioned points this report will also help us to get
acquainted with factors that lead to the inefficient implementation of policies
and suggest methods to overcome them.

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LITERATURE REVIEW
An integral part of our project has been reviewing documents to policy making and
policy expansion. The scrutiny of the policies relevant to the field of primary
education, health and sanitation, tribal welfare, woman and child development, etc.
will help us gauze their feasibility and ease of implementation in a more easy way.
Besides the articles that we have gone through to enable us to understand the socio-
economic condition of tribals in a better way from the internet and newspaper
editorials by experts in these field, we have gone through and analysed the following
documents:
 The Political Economy of Capitalism, 'Development' and
Resistance: The State and Adivasis of India- a report by OXFAM
India.
 Material for Budget Speech 2015-16 
 Welfare Schemes 2014, Directorate of Planning, Statistics and
Evaluation Panaji, Goa. 
 Public Policy versus Ethnicity 
 Guidelines for implementation of schemes under tribal sub plan 
The public welfare policies that we have decided to look into from the various fields
include the following:
 Provision of free books and uniforms for primary students along with
other forms of assistance to pursue their education 
 Ensuring vocational training and computer facilities to students 
 Janani Suraksha Yojana 
 Government funded incentives for rain water harvesting 
 Laadli Lakshmi Scheme 
 .Yashasvini Scheme 
 Kanyadhan Scheme 
 Atal Asra Yojana 
 Prashikshan Yatra 

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METHODOLOGY
Coverage
Through this report we aim to suggest reforms in the policies for the welfare of tribals in Goa.
For this, the conclusions from the subsequent research of the on-going policies and welfare
schemes will serve as the basis for our report. We have laid more emphasis on the continuity
and sequence of actions taken, so as to ensure smooth functioning of the project for a longer
time period. The methodology followed by us to achieve our goals has been further explained
in greater detail. There are various different tribes in Goa, and they reside in their respective
villages.
Data Compilation
Data compilation forms the most essential part of our report. It is this data that we collect that
forms the basis of our further work and study. The data thus required to enable our project is
to be collected from remote tribal regions of Cortigao and Cola, places situated in south Goa.
An interaction with the Principal of the school, Sarpanch from both the villages and the local
benefactors can be quite handy in giving an account on how the schools in these regions have
affected them and how people in this region are reaping benefits from such institutions. The
data required is to be collected through diverse mediums, which include questionnaires, group
decisions, government census, surveys conducted by NGO’s, etc. This is to interact with
people froma varied field including the Directors, Secretaries and Joint Secretaries pertaining
to departments like Tribal Welfare, Health and Sanitation, Education, etc. An interaction with
the Chief Engineer, Head of financial division of the Directorate of Tribal Welfares, Human
Resources Department and officials from the Complaint Department can be quite insightful in
making us aware of the problems faced in the process of implementing these data.
Data Analysis
A methodological manner has to be applied for getting the desired results and a concrete
conclusion from the project at hand. Handling it in the form of a problem statement and
collecting, analyzing and using information to answer questions about the tribal welfare
policies, particularly about their effectiveness and efficiency will be the best possible
approach of the data analysis.
The various stages of analysis involved are:
1. Collection of statistics pertaining to the Welfare Schemes.
2. Validation and verification of Statistics by officials and authorities concerned.
3. Analysis of the implementation mechanism of various policies.
4. Review of the final results of the implemented policies.
5. Scrutiny of the feedback mechanism.

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Minutes of the Interview with the Principal of Balram High School.
With reference to a telephonic interview with Ms. Neeta, the principal of Balram High
School, there has been no significant change in the Computer Science syllabus, as was
recommended in the previous report. The school mainly focuses on the syllabus given by the
Department of Education of Goa board. This syllabus is mostly basic and doesn't include any
of the coding languages to be taught. A detailed email has been sent to the principal
suggesting conduction of a program by BITS Pilani students where the interested tribal
students can be taught beginner level Computer languages.Career counseling is available
mainly for 10th grade students, as and when required by them. One of the faculties istrained
for this purpose. Also, the principal has been suggested of an exhibition in the fests of BITS
Goa, for the handicrafts prepared by the tribal students, so that they can be provided with an
extra monetary help. Currently, there are no sports scholarships given to the students.
Following is the questionnaire:
Q 1. Can you throw some light on the course curriculum of Computer Science and the way
it is taught?
- We teach according to the syllabus given by the Department of Education of Goa Board,
which can be obtained from the official website. It includes basic topics relating to hardware
and software systems.
Q2. Is there any career counseling given to the students at school level?
- Yes, we give counseling to the students as and when required by them. For this, we have a
trained faculty. This is mainly for the tenth standard students.
Q3. Is there any sports scholarship given to the students?
- No, as of now, there isn't any scholarship given for sports. Although, there are grace marks
for the deserving students who participate at various levels in sports. This is decided by the
Goa Board as per information given by the sports department of the school.
The following questions have been emailed to the principal on request, for which the reply
is awaited.
Q4. Would you be interested in a program conducted by BITS Pilani students where the
interested tribal students are taught beginner level Computer Science languages?
Q5. Would you be interested in an exhibition of items made by the students at BITS Goa
festival-Waves, so that they can be purchased to provide extra monetary support?

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Verification and Updates on Recommendations:
1. According to the Computer Science teacher of Balram High School the course curriculum was obsolete and
needed immediate change in order to inspire them to pursue Computer Science in future, i.e. there are no basic
coding skills imparted.
Findings: (Directorate of Education)
The focus has been entirely on providing basic education which sometimes ignores the relevance to present and
changing needs of education system. The faculty is of the view that Computer Science languages are not relevant
to the present curriculum and wants to focus on the syllabus provided by the board.
2. Better Science lab facilities should be there in high schools.
Findings: (Directorate of Education)
Inefficiency in optimal use of funds and provide such lab related facilities in addition to lack of proper trained
professionals capable of handling lab facilities results in lack of lab facilities.
3. Career counselling should be available to the class 11th, 12th students so that they can plan their future path.
Findings: (Directorate of Education)
Career counselling camps are being organised by the SC-ST Commission for students of class 9th and 11th.
4. Find if they would be interested in an exhibition at college cultural festivals (such as BITS Goa’s festival
Waves) so that the items made by the students can be purchased to provide extra monetary support.
Findings: (Directorate of Tribal Welfare)
According to the Directorate of Tribal Welfare, currently, they don't seem to be interested in any kind of
exhibition at BITS Goa fests.
5. Nutrition Camp for ladies and children to be in place.
Findings: (Directorate of Women and Child Development)
a. Members of this department ensure that regular meetings with women are held so that they are made aware of
health concerns during pregnancy and child birth.
b. They can be taught about the importance of nutrition and how to avail the same by making changes in their
eating habits.
c. People are made aware about the vitamins and nutrients present in various food items so that food suiting their
needs can be consumed.
d. Special camps are organized for adolescent girls keeping in mind their need for highly nutritious diets for
proper development.

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6. In the villages there exists a problem of water for drinking as well as irrigation of crops, so rain water harvesting
should be used by the directorate of tribal welfare. Also installation of storage tanks should be done.
Findings: ( Directorate of Tribal Welfare )
According to the Director of Tribal Welfare, the department is thinking over the installation of rain water
harvesting systems and storage tanks in rural areas. The latest statistics published are of the year 2011, as per the
Census Department, Goa.
7. The money given under the Atal Asra Yojna should be increased to 2 – 2.5 lacs according to the Sarpanch Meena
Gaonkar.
Findings : (Directorate of Tribal Welfare)
The money given under Atal Asra Yojana is already 2 lakhs in general cases and 2.5 lakhs in rare cases.
Therefore, there is no amendment needed as of now.
8. In Cola village we found below mentioned irregularities:
i. Lack of training for illiterate Sarpanch heads regarding the matter of government policies
ii. Member of Parliament of the constituency has adopted the village but has not done any field visit or any
development in the village.
iii. Problem of open defecation due to the lack of toilets in the houses.
iv. Lack of gas cylinders in the village compelling the tribals to use wooden challah causing respiratory problems.
v. Due to the remote location of the village the commute is difficult and hence in case of a medical emergency the
nearest hospital being at Canacona (15-20 kms) proves to be a difficult medical option.
vi. No visits done by the minister of tribal welfare or any member of the directorate of tribal welfare to the village.
Findings: (Directorate of Tribal Welfare, Directorate of Health Services)
i. Regular training programmes are organised for them, but low attendance defeats the purpose of organizing
them.
ii. Regular field visits are done by the Member of Parliament of the constituency. The MP also organises
awareness camps.
iii. Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan's implementation incorporates the needs for this particular problem.
iv. The Government has provided subsidies and promoted the use of low smoke chulhhas under the National
Progrrame of Improved Chulhhas.
v. Taluka level hospital is there in the village. The government hospital is 10 Kms from Cola, and a Primary sub-
Health Centre is estabished in Canacona.
vi. Regular field visits are done by the responsible officials of tribal welfare.

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Outcomes:
An extensive scrutiny on the report titled “Public Policy Versus Ethnicity” led us to the conclusions stated below.
This shows how some of the recommendations suggested by the report were already existent and they had had been
recommended despite already being implemented by the government. This included:
a) Providing the recipients of Atal Asra Yojana a sum of two lakh rupees.
b) Students from the high school were being counselled to ensure they choose the right field in future.
c) Also, contrary to as suggested in the report, Members of Parliament of the respective constituencies were
already visiting their constituencies at regular intervals.
We also made an attempt to keep a check on the progress of work suggested by the report “Public Policy Versus
Ethnicity” by the government after a year of being suggested. The report did not turn out to very productive as
some fields showed no progress despite having a year’s time to act on the suggestions. These suggestions included:
1. Need for proper science labs along with experienced people to manipulate the same.
2. Though the need for computer science was suggested in the course, the officials did not seem to pay heed
to these suggestions citing Maths, Science and English as the subjects to be focused on as for now.
3. NGO’s unwilling to work in these regions citing the backwardness of these areas were not lured by
the government to start their services to the people over here.
4. Though the report suggested the government to back financially poor people with an inclination towards a
sport and exceptional talent in that sport with scholarships, but unfortunately the government showed no
such initiative towards the same.
5. Swach Bharat Mission was launched in order to tackle the problem of open defecation and insufficient
toilets. Though this mission was launched but the purpose of this mission is yet to materialize as no
constructive step has been taken to counter the increasing cases of open defecation.

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Bibliography
1. https://www.goa.gov.in/departments/publicworks.html
2. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/default.aspx
3. Welfare Schemes 2014, Directorate of Planning, Statistics and Evaluation
4. http://goawrd.gov.in/
5. https://www.goa.gov.in/departments/tribalwelfare.html
6. http://socialwelfare.goa.gov.in/