VIKRAM SINGH MSc. soil science

1. Nutrient Management In Salt Affected
Soils: Saline And Sodic Soil
Presented By : Vikram Singh

2. Introduction:
Salt-affected soils occur in all continents and under
almost all climatic conditions. Their distribution,
however, is relatively more extensive in the arid and
semi-arid regions compared to the humid regions.
These are grouped as:
1.Saline soils /White Alkali soils
2.Alkali soils / Black Alkali soils
3.Saline- alkali soils

3. Nutrient availability in salt affected soil:
• Nitrogen: maximum availability in 6.5-7.5 pH. Its availability adversely
effected when pH goes behind 7.5 as in salt affected soil.
• Phosphorus: fixation of phosphorus takes place under alkaline condition:
It form calium phosphate with combining lime or Ca ions
• Potassium: in salt affected soil the solubility of potasium depressed.
• Ca, Mg: when pH not exceeding 8.5 , maximum availability of Ca & Mg .
pH above 8.5 again availability of these nutrients reduced.
• S: availability of S rarely effected by alkaline or salty condition.
• Micronutrients: most of micronutrients are deficient under high pH
condition except Mo, which availability maximum under alkaline
condition:

4. Nutrient Managenent In Salt Affected
Soil:
Most of nutrients are deficient in salt affected soil except Ca,
Mg and Mo. There are special nutrients manage mental
practices are required to attain maximum production under these
condition. Some measures like application organic residues,
FYM, compost, green manures should be applied to reclaim of
these soil.
Leaching is required under saline soil condition and
application of amendments like gypsum should be applied to
exchange Na from exchangeable site by Ca. Fertilizers are
should be used on the base of their residual effects or on basis of
their equivalent acidity or basicity nature.

5. Acidity and basicity of fertilizer
• Equivalent acidity: The amount of CaCO3 required to
neutralize the acid residue caused by application of acidic
fertilizer in the soil e.g. 100kg ammonium sulphate produces
acidity which needs 110 kg CaCO3 to neutralize therefore
equivalent acidity of ammonium sulphate is 110.
• Equivqalent basicity: Residual basicity caused by
application of basic fertilizer expressed in terms of calcium
carbonate equivalent of basic residues left by fertilizer
material (in kg per 100 kg of fertilizer salt)

6. Table : 1 Acidity and basicity of fertilizer
Sr.No. Fertilizer Equivalent acidity Equivalent basicity
1 CaCN 63
2 NaNO3 29
3 KNO3 29
4 Ca(NO3)2 21
5 Anhydrous Ammonia 148
6 Nitrate of soda Potash 26
7 NH4Cl 128
8 (NH4)2SO4 110
9 (NH4)2SO4 . NH4NO3 93
10 Urea 80-84
11 DAP 77
12 Ammonium nitrate 60
13 Mono-ammonium phosphate 55 Katyayan (2006)
Source : Book “Fundamentals of Agriculture”

7. (Nutrient mangment in saline soils)
Reviews of literature

8. Table : 2 Effect of different P levels and its method of application on yield of
wheat in saline soil
Treatments
Yield (t/ha)
Grain Straw
T1= N0P0 1.83 2.81
T2= N150P0 4.41 5.33
T3= N150P13 basal (B) 5.11 6.27
T4= N150P13 basal (F) 5.29 6.39
T5 = N150P6.5 basal (B)+P6.5* 5.19 6.33
T6 = N150P6.5 basal (F)+P6.5* 5.41 6.56
T7 = N150P26 basal (B) 5.41 6.50
T8 = N150P26 basal (F) 5.57 6.74
T9 = N150P13 basal (B)+P13* 5.51 6.56
T10 = N150P13 basal (F)+P13* 5.70 6.91
CD (p=0.05) 0.40 0.50CSSRI (Karnal) Singh and Sharma (2012)
ECe: 6.4 ds/m Basal (B)= Broadcasting and mixed at sowing
Basal (F)= Placement in furrow at sowing * = Top dressing at 25 days before 1st
irrigation

9. Table : 3 Effect of rate and time of nitrogen application on yield of wheat in
saline soil
Treatments
Yield (t/ha)
Grain Straw
Level of N (kg/ha)
0 2.35 3.20
80 3.93 4.48
120 4.58 5.61
160 5.04 6.39
LSD (p = 0.05) 0.35 0.40
Time of N application
T1=Full PSI 4.38 5.41
T2= ½ PSI + ½ BFI 4.86 6.04
T3= ½ PSI + ½ BSI 4.70 5.90
T4= ¹/3b + 1
/3 AFI+1
/3 ASI 4.53 5.60
T5= 1
/3 b+ 1
/3 BFI+ 1
/3 BSI 4.60 5.76
T6= ½ BFI+ ½ BSI 3.98 5.03
LSD (p=0.05) 0.50 0.57
CSSRI (Karnal) Singh and Shama (2012)
ECe =5.4 ds/m PSI = Pre Sowing Irrigation
FI = First Irrigation B = Before
SI = Second Irrigation b = basal application

10. (Nutrient mangment in sodic soils)
Reviews of literature

11. Table : 4. Effect of pyrite application on yield of Sugarbeet at harvest in
sodic soil
Pyrite (t/ha)
Yield (t/ha)
Top Root Sugar
0 5 11 1.5
3 7 12 1.6
6 9 13 1.7
9 11 14 1.8
CD = 5% 3 1.2 0.2
Lucknow (U.P.) Garg (2008)
pH = 9.5, ESP = 33, EC = 0.75 ds/m

12. Table : 5. Effect of different amendments on yield of rice in sodic soil
Treatments
Yield (t/ha)
Grain Straw
T1= Control 0.73 1.82
T2= Rice Straw 25 t/ha 1.98 2.85
T3= Press mud 15 t/ha 2.54 3.70
T4= Pyrite 50% GR 3.04 4.47
T5= Gypsum 50% GR 3.22 4.56
T6= T2 + T4 3.69 5.48
T7= T2 + T5 3.56 5.28
T8= T3 + T4 4.37 6.44
T9= T3 + T5 4.53 6.85
CD at 5% 0.42 0.73
Faizabad (U.P.) Chauhan (2015)
pH= 10.5 ECe= 17 ds/m ESP = 78.6
Fertilizer : 120 N (Urea), 26 P (SSP), 33 K (MOP) and 8.8 Zn (ZnSO4) kg/ha

13. Table : 6. Effect of Sulphur on seed yield, oil and protein content of
Indian mustard in sodic soil
Treatments
Seed yield
(q/ha)
Oil Content (%)
Protein content
(%)
Sulphur sources
Gypsum 20.3 38.41 21.02
Pyrites 20.8 38.50 20.05
CD (P=0.05) NS NS NS
Sulphur level (kg/ha)
Control 16.7 31.10 19.25
20 18.6 37.88 19.99
40 21.0 38.48 21.01
60 21.2 38.64 21.25
80 21.1 38.84 21.92
CD (P=0.05) 1.3 0.45 0.52
Lakhaoti (U.P.) Tripathi and Sharma
(2015)Texture = Sandy loam pH = 8.0
Fertilizer = 80 N (Urea), 17.6 P (DAP) and 33.2 K (MOP) kg/ha

14. Table : 7. Effect of nitrogen and zinc on wheat yield under partially reclaimed
sodic soil
Treatments
Yield (q/ha)
2003-04 2004-05
Grain Straw Grain Straw
N (kg/ha) through Urea
0 17.60 24.62 18.51 25.91
60 26.89 37.61 28.30 39.61
120 30.75 43.06 32.37 45.32
180 31.71 43.71 32.85 45.99
CD (p=0.05) 0.50 0.55 0.48 0.56
Zn (kg/ha) through ZnSO4
0 22.03 30.85 23.19 32.46
10 26.71 37.36 28.11 39.35
20 28.63 40.09 30.13 42.19
30 29.07 40.70 30.60 42.84
CD (p=0.05) 0.50 0.55 0.48 0.56
Bahraich (U.P.) Nayak et al (2007)
pH = 9.0, EC= 0.31ds/m, Fertilizer = 26 kg P/ha

15. Table : 8. Effect of N, P and K on rice and wheat yield in a reclaimed
sodic soil (mean of 5 year)
Treatment Rice Grain
yield t ha-1
% increase
in yield
control
Wheat Grain
yield (t ha-1
)
% increase in
yield control
T1. N0P0K0 2.97 - 1.34 -
T2. N120P0K0 4.53 52 3.22 140
T3. N120P26K0 5.44 83 4.91 266
T4. N120P26K42 5.52 86 5.01 274
T5. N180P39K63 6.04 103 4.81 259
T6. N60P13K21 4.27 44 3.37 152
T7. T6 +GM 5.75 94 3.81 184
T8. T6 + FYM 5.27 77 3.79 183
T9. T4 +GM 6.63 123 5.37 301
T10. T4 + FYM 6.42 116 5.23 290
CD (p=0.05) 0.60 - 0.41 -
Yaduvanshi, (2001)CSSRI, Karnal, Haryana
pH- 8.7 and ESP-18.0 Sources of N,P and K were Urea, SSP and MOP

16. (Nutrient mangment in saline-sodic soils)
Reviews of literature

17. Table : 9. Effect of N and P on Sugarbeet root and sugar yield in saline-
sodic soils
Treatments Root yield (t/ha) Gross sugar yield (t/ha)
T1: N0 P0 7.69 1.022
T2: N0 P30 11.53 1.626
T3: N0 P60 10.91 1.364
T4: N0 P90 6.57 0.677
T5: N60 P0 13.39 2.156
T6: N60 P30 17.86 2.857
T7: N60 P60 17.61 2.535
T8: N60 P90 13.27 1.791
T9: N120 P0 19.22 2.902
T10: N120 P30 25.54 3.678
T11: N120 P60 25.05 4.108
T12: N120 P90 26.78 4.419
T13: N180 P0 23.31 2.752
T14: N180 P30 29.51 4.338
T15: N180 P60 27.28 3.683
T16: N180 P90 31.50 4.505
CD (5%) 6.94 1.02
Nainital (U.P.) Singhania and Sharma (2014)
pH = 8.0 – 9.8, EC (1:2 soil : water) 0.5 – 2.11 ds/m

18. Table : 10. Effect of coated N materials on N-uptake and dry matter yield
of rice and wheat in saline-alkali soil (pot experiment)
Treatments (100 ppm N)
N uptake (mg/pot) Dry matter yield (g/pot)
Rice Wheat
Rice Wheat
Grain Straw Grain Straw
Control
110 25 6.8 10.8 5.2 9.4
Prilled Urea
273 75 11.0 17.6 7.1 11.1
Sulphur coated Urea
388 81 13.0 18.8 7.6 11.2
Neem cake coated Urea
524 95 15.5 18.5 8.3 12.1
Gypsum coated Urea
422 83 13.7 17.4 7.9 11.0
Rock phosphate coated Urea
461 89 14.1 18.8 8.0 11.8
CD (5%)
60.63 5.53 1.10 0.61 0.41 0.44
Bichpuri (Agra) Sharma and Chauhan (2012)
pH = 10.2, ESP = 82.6, Soil = 10 kg clay loam
Sulphur, Gypsum, Neem cake and RP (about 20 g/100g of Urea)

19. Reclamation of salt affected soils can be
accomplished by leaching of soluble salts and
partial or complete removal sodium ions and it
replacement with calcium on the soil exchange
complex alongwith incorporation of organics,
inorganic and followed by Judicious
management of nutrients, play an important
role in improving and maintaining fertility in
sustained manner.
CONCLUSION

20. Thank You!