2. What is a group?
• Collection of individuals
• Members of the group interact with one another
• There will be a purpose behind the existence of group
• Individuals with common goals , common sentiments form different
groups
3. Characteristics of a group
• Frequent interaction
• Interdependence among members
• Hierarchy , leadership and pattern of rules and norms
• Common objectives , common beliefs and common expectations
• Cohesiveness and unity among members
4. Stages of group formation
Forming
Storming
Norming
Performing
Adjourning
Adjourning
Unresolved conflicts
Task accomplished
Resolving conflicts
5. Forming
• Initial entry of members and orientation
• Get to know each other
• Members are not clear about the roles or norms to be followed
• Discovering the purpose of the group
• Discovering what is considered as acceptable and what is not
6. Storming
• Inevitable conflicts arising out
• Disagreements over roles, goals and procedures
• Leads to dissatisfaction
• Realize that task is more complicated
• Subgroup formation lead to power struggles
• Unresolved conflicts
7. Norming
• Recognize individual difference
• Group begins to organize itself by resolving conflicts
• Sharing responsibilities and general rules
• Develop mutual trust more cohesion and sense of identity
• At the end group structure and hierarchy emerge
• Group will become focused on mission
8. Performing
• Group become mature and fully functional
• Operates like well oiled machine
• focus on achieving the targets and meeting the deadlines
• Members know the shortcomings and how to compensate for them
• Internal disagreements are successfully dealt with creative ways
9. Adjourning
• Once the common objective accomplished group adjourns
• Some group continue in spite of losing its relevance
• Others have natural ending
• Some feel sad
• Some will agree to work together in future
10. Team
Group of individual working together to achieve a
specific goal
Members of team have complementary skill
High degree of interdependence eg: A football team
Each player specializes in different tasks
11. Continued …
Through coordination the performance of the whole team
becomes better
Prize or reward is shared
Better coordination , harmony and sense of commitment
create synergy in teamwork
A team in action has the capacity for self governing and self
managing
12. Five stages of team formation
1. Forming
2. Storming
3. Norming
4. Performing
5. Adjourning
13. Comparing the group and team
Group Team
Individual contributions Synergic contribution
Random skill Complementary skill
Works towards common goal Total commitment to common goal
Little sense of ownership among members because
they are much involved in planning the goals
Great sense of ownership because the members have
helped in establishing the common goals
Little scope for creativity Opportunity for creativity
Responsibility is individual’s Collective responsibility
Diverse culture Shared culture
14. Shared interest Mutually agreed interest
Conflicts are common Lessened chance of conflict
Accountable to group leader Mutual accountability
More focus on individual rewards More focus on shared rewards
Less interdependence High interdependence
Leader control the group Leader acts as a facilitator
Lesser coordination , lesser tasks orientation and lesser
collaboration
Greater coordination , tasks orientation and better
collaboration
Lesser familiarity among members Greater familiarity among members
Limited awareness about the tasks and skills of other
members
Grater awareness about the roles , strengths and
weakness of other members
Cautious approach, limited trust Candid approach , high level of trust
15. lesser chances of appreciating others successes Greater appreciation from team members
More concerned with challenges faced by the
individual
More concerned with challenges faced by the team
Roles and tasks are often fixed Roles and tasks are rotated as and when required
Members think that they are brought together for
administrative convenience
Members are aware that individual goals are best
achieved through mutual support and working towards
team goals
16. Getting acquainted
• Initial process of getting familiarized with each other
• Existing members and new members get to know each other
• The activities that help team members to get acquainted within a short
period of time are called ice breakers
17. Advantages
• Members get to know each other better and faster
• New members integrate into the group faster
• Team spirit is generated
• Members will learn to listen actively
• Differences are easily forgotten
• Energy and enthusiasm get infused into people
• Each members will register subconsciously how himself and others
can contribute synergistically to team goals
18. Team composition
1. Team role :
Specifies the set of tasks that a member is to complete in a
specific context
2. Member ability :
wide range of ability each team member possess
3. Member personality :
The personality traits each member possess
4. Team diversity
Overall difference of team members
19. Managing team performance
1. Advising
Giving and gathering information
Finding what others are doing and ensuring that they are following best
2. Innovating
Challenging the way things are currently being done
Explore the available resources
3. Promoting
You have to sell what you are doing to other people
20. 4. Developing
Developing activities ensure that your ideas are moulded and shaped to meet
the needs of consumer
Involves listening their needs and incorporate them
5. Organizing
Getting into action and making things happen
Organising the team
Clear goals has to be established
6. Producing
Focus on delivering the product or service on regular basis
21. 1. Inspecting
Regular checks to ensure the mistakes
Quality audit , financial aspect , security aspects , safety aspects etc
2. Maintaining
Need to uphold standards and maintain effective work process
You will fail if it does not have its regular service
3. linking
it covers the linking of people , linking of tasks and leadership linking
22. Steps in group problem solving
1. Define
2. Analyze
3. Set criteria for solution
4. Evaluate and select the best solution
5. implement
23. Group dynamics
• Refers to the procedure to perceive ,approach, tackle and solve a
problem
1. Brainstorming
2. Multi-voting
3. Nominal group technique
4. Decision grid
24. Brainstorming
• State the topic
• Review by asking what ? Why ? How ? When ?
• After getting a picture members think for a couple of minutes
• Members proposes idea
• Ideas are noted down
25. Multi-voting
• Number each idea
• Combine similar items
• Each members votes multiple times and comes up with his preferred
ideas on a sheet of paper
• List are collected and consolidated
• Ideas with maximum votes are identified
• Repeat the procedure after discussion
• Stop after reaches an agreement
26. Nominal group technique
• Moderator states and clarifies the problem
• Each member thinks independently and write solution on paper
• Moderator asks for ideas and record them.
• Each idea is open to scrutiny.
• Group discuss and evaluate the merits of each idea
• Voting for idea
• Ideas ranked high are chosen
28. Team Performance Management
• Continuous Process of evaluating the effectiveness of team
• Performance is related to both individual performance
• And how the individual contributes as a part of a team
29. TPM cycle
• Plan phase : clarify expected results
: decide upon evaluation strategy
: set goals and decision
• Do phase : put plan into action
: track or monitor performance
: provide continuous feedback
• Adjust phase : assess completion of objectives / tasks
: rate and reward performance
30. Decision making in teams
• Group consensus – members coming to general agreement
• Majority vote – Opinion of the majority of members is accepted
• Expected decision - An expert or an expert committee takes the
decision for all
• Decision by authority – leader selects the best solution
31. Building & managing successful virtual teams
• Virtual team is constituted by people working together, connected
together by digital channels of communication
• Coordinates by interacting over phone and internet
32. Advantages
• Getting the best person for role ,irrespective of where they stay
• People working in different time zone can ensure 24x7 customer
support
• Team members have greater flexibility and have better work life
balance
• Women have more opportunities as they can work from home
33. Key factors
1. New perspective in human resource management
2. A strong support mechanism
3. Better information management system
4. Coaching , learning and development
5. Effective leadership
6. Access to electronic and collaborative technologies
7. Changing the organizational culture
