The document discusses various mortality rates and causes of death globally and among children under 5 years old. It provides statistics on infant, child, neonatal and maternal mortality rates across world regions. The three leading causes of under-5 deaths are neonatal illnesses, diarrhea, and pneumonia, with malnutrition as an underlying factor in 53% of cases. 11 million children under 5 die each year, mostly from preventable causes, with 41% of deaths in Africa.

1. Mortality ratesMortality rates
Ashry Gad MohamedAshry Gad Mohamed
Prof. Ashry Gad MohamedProf. Ashry Gad Mohamed

2. Crude death rateCrude death rate
Total number of deaths in specificTotal number of deaths in specific
year and placeyear and place
X 1000X 1000
Estimated mid year population of theEstimated mid year population of the
same year and placesame year and place

3.  Birth rate:Birth rate:
29.34 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)29.34 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
 Death rate:Death rate:
2.58 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)2.58 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
 Net migration rate:Net migration rate:
-4.94 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006-4.94 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006
est.)est.)

4. Adult Mortality RatesAdult Mortality Rates
(probability of death between ages 15 and 60(probability of death between ages 15 and 60))
39.70%
19.40%
23.50%
17.90%
14.80%
20.30%
9.70%
0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00%
Sub-Saharan Africa
Middle East/North Africa
South Asia
East Asia/Pacific
South America
Europe/Centtral Asia
Industrialized Countries

5. Cause specific death rateCause specific death rate
Number of deaths due to specificNumber of deaths due to specific
disease in specific year and placedisease in specific year and place
X 1000X 1000
Estimated mid year population of theEstimated mid year population of the
same year and placesame year and place

9. Infant Mortality RateInfant Mortality Rate
Number of deaths of children <one yearNumber of deaths of children <one year
In a given year and placeIn a given year and place..
X1000X1000
Total number of live births at the sameTotal number of live births at the same
Year and placeYear and place

10. Infant Mortality RatesInfant Mortality Rates

11. Main Causes of DeathMain Causes of Death
Disease or ConditionDisease or Condition Proportion of Under-Proportion of Under-
five Deathsfive Deaths
Neonatal IllnessesNeonatal Illnesses 33%33%
DiarrheaDiarrhea 22%22%
PneumoniaPneumonia 21%21%
MalariaMalaria 9%9%
AIDSAIDS 3%3%
MeaslesMeasles 1%1%
OtherOther 9%9%
Malnutrition is an underlying cause of 53% of allMalnutrition is an underlying cause of 53% of all
child deathschild deathsSource: The Lancet.
Vol.361, June 28, 2003

12. Causes of infant mortalityCauses of infant mortality
 birth defects have been the leading cause ofbirth defects have been the leading cause of
infant mortality.infant mortality.
 Prematurity/low birthweight (LBW) was thePrematurity/low birthweight (LBW) was the
second leading cause of infant mortality.second leading cause of infant mortality.
 sudden infant death syndrome.sudden infant death syndrome.
 maternal pregnancy complications.maternal pregnancy complications.
 respiratory distress syndromerespiratory distress syndrome

13.  Infant mortality rate:Infant mortality rate:
total:total: 12.81 deaths/1,000 live births12.81 deaths/1,000 live births
male:male: 14.71 deaths/1,000 live births14.71 deaths/1,000 live births
female:female: 10.83 deaths/1,000 live births (200610.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2006
est.)est.)

14. Neonatal mortality rateNeonatal mortality rate
Number of deaths below 28 days of lifeNumber of deaths below 28 days of life
During certain year and placeDuring certain year and place
X 1000X 1000
Total number of live births in the sameTotal number of live births in the same
Year and placeYear and place

15. Post neonatal mortality ratePost neonatal mortality rate
Number of deaths 28 days to one yearNumber of deaths 28 days to one year
of life during certain year and placeof life during certain year and place
X 1000X 1000
Total number of live births in the sameTotal number of live births in the same
Year and placeYear and place

16. Neonatal Mortality Relative toNeonatal Mortality Relative to
Infant MortalityInfant Mortality
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
Bangladesh
(1999/2000)
Ethiopia (2000) Haiti (2000) India (1998/99) Nigeria (2003)
Post-Neonatal Deaths
Neonatal Deaths
Deathsper1,000LiveBirths
Country
Source: Demographic
Health Surveys

18. Preschool mortality ratePreschool mortality rate
Number of deaths of childrenNumber of deaths of children
1-4 year In a given1-4 year In a given
year and place.year and place.
X 1000X 1000
Mid year population at the sameMid year population at the same
Year and placeYear and place

19. Causes of Death in the WorldCauses of Death in the World
Age<5 yrsAge<5 yrs
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
COD
Malaria
Injuries
Mealses
Non Communic.
Disease
Other
Perinatal
Acute Resp.
Infections
Diarrhea
%ofDeaths

20. ~~1111Million Children Die/yearMillion Children Die/year
(70% From 5 Major Causes(70% From 5 Major Causes((
Malaria
7% ARI
29%
Measles
8%
Diarrhea
25%
Other
31%
Malnutrition
56%
Birth Trauma
Neonatal Deaths
Tetanus
Fever
Low Birth Weight

22. 0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1960 1970 1980 1990 1995 1998 2000
Summit Goal
Global
Latin America and
Caribbean
Asia Near East
Africa
Deathsper1,000LiveBirths
Year
Under-Five Mortality Rate:
Regional and Global Averages
Source: UNICEF Times
Series Estimates, 2000

23. Child Mortality RatesChild Mortality Rates
(deaths of children under age five per 1,000 live births(deaths of children under age five per 1,000 live births((
183
86
13
57
48
54
11
0 50 100 150 200
Sub-Saharan Africa
Middle East/North Africa
South Asia
East Asia/Pacific
Central America/Caribbean
South America
Industrialized Countries

24. Current SituationCurrent Situation
 Each year nearlyEach year nearly 11 million children die11 million children die beforebefore
the age of five,30,000 every day,largely fromthe age of five,30,000 every day,largely from
preventable causes.preventable causes.
 41% of these deaths occur in Africa, which has41% of these deaths occur in Africa, which has
only 10 % of the world’s under-five population.only 10 % of the world’s under-five population.
 33% of all child deaths occur in the first month33% of all child deaths occur in the first month
of life.of life.

25. Maternal Mortality rateMaternal Mortality rate
Number of maternal deaths associate withNumber of maternal deaths associate with
Pregnancy, delivery & puerperium duringPregnancy, delivery & puerperium during
certain year and placecertain year and place
X 1000X 1000
Number of live births in the same yearNumber of live births in the same year
And placeAnd place

27. Maternal Mortality RatesMaternal Mortality Rates
(deaths 100,000 live births(deaths 100,000 live births((
980
100
560
190
140
210
13
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Sub-Saharan Africa
Middle East/North Africa
South Asia
East Asia/Pacific
Central America/Caribbean
South America
Industrialized Countries

28. Still birth rateStill birth rate
Number of still births during specificNumber of still births during specific
year and placeyear and place
X 1000X 1000
Total births during that year and placeTotal births during that year and place

29. Still birth ratioStill birth ratio
Number of fetal deaths of 28 weeks ofNumber of fetal deaths of 28 weeks of
gestation or more in certain yeargestation or more in certain year
and placeand place
X 1000X 1000
Number of live births in the sameNumber of live births in the same
year and placeyear and place

30.  Placental problems.Placental problems. Placental abruptionPlacental abruption
due to pre-eclampsia and smoking.due to pre-eclampsia and smoking.
 Birth defects: between 5 and 10 percent ofBirth defects: between 5 and 10 percent of
stillborn babies have abnormalities involvingstillborn babies have abnormalities involving
their chromosomes.their chromosomes.
 Growth restriction.Growth restriction. Babies who are smallBabies who are small
for gestational age.for gestational age.
 Infections.Infections. Bacterial infections are anBacterial infections are an
important cause of fetal deaths that occurimportant cause of fetal deaths that occur
between 24 and 27 weeks of gestation.between 24 and 27 weeks of gestation.

31. Proportionate mortality rateProportionate mortality rate
Number of deaths due to a particularNumber of deaths due to a particular
cause during certain year and placecause during certain year and place
X 100X 100
Total number of deaths due to all causesTotal number of deaths due to all causes
in the same year and placein the same year and place

32. Case fatality rateCase fatality rate
Number of deaths due to a particularNumber of deaths due to a particular
diseasedisease
X 100X 100
Total number of cases of that diseaseTotal number of cases of that disease