2. 2
COPYRIGHT 2020
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This material has been approved and published for online distribution through the Learning
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Development Team of the Module
Writer:
Jay Mark V. Fulgarinas
Editor: Krystel Grace L. Calderon
Reviewer: Iris Jane M. Canoy
Illustrator: Stephen B. Gorgonio
Layout Artists: Alberto S. Elcullada Jr., Marichu M. Paredes
Management Team: Ma. Teresa M. Real
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Nature of Variables
CONTENT STANDARDS:
The learners demonstrate understanding of the characteristics, strengths,
weaknesses, and kinds of quantitative research, the importance of quantitative
research across fields, and the nature of variables.
PERFORMANCE STANDARD:
The learners should be able to decide on the suitable quantitative research in
the different areas of interest.
LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
• Differentiates kinds of variables and their use. CS_RS12-Ia-c-3
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the module, you should be able to:
1. identify the nature and different kinds of variables;
2. explain each of the kinds of variables and its uses
INTRODUCTION
Variables are among the fundamental concepts of research, alongside with
measurement, validity, reliability, cause and effect and theory. A variable specifically
refers to a characteristic, or attribute of an individual or an organization that can be
measured or observed and that varies among the people or organization being
studied.
The module promotes independent learning of the target themes, concepts, and
competencies that will develop your 21st century real life-based skills. It will help you
to identify and understand the nature and different kinds of variables and explain its
uses.
PRESENTATION OF THE NEW MODULE
All experiments examine some kind of variable(s). A variable is not only something
that we measure, but also something that we can manipulate and something we can
control for.
To understand the characteristics of variables and how we use them in research, this
guide is divided into three main sections. First, we illustrate the role of dependent and
independent variables. Second, we discuss the difference between experimental and
non-experimental research. Finally, we explain how variables can be characterized as
either categorical or continuous.
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ABSTRACTION
As mentioned, variables are units of study, variety of which include gender, age,
socio-economic status, attitudes or behaviors like bullying, favoritism, among others.
Variables are among the essential concepts of research, alongside with measurement,
validity, reliability, cause and effect and theory. A variable specifically refers to a
characteristic, or attribute of a personal or a company which can be measured or
observed which varies among the people or organization being studied.
The Nature of Variables and Data
Quantitative researchers try and count human behaviors, that is, they fight to count
multiple variables at the identical time. Generally speaking, variables are classified
jointly of 4 types:
1. Nominal variables represent categories that cannot be ordered in any particular
way. Examples are biological sex (males vs. females), political affiliation,
basketball fan affiliation, etc.
2. Ordinal variables represent categories that will be ordered from greatest to
smallest. samples of ordinal variables include education level, income brackets,
etc.
3. Interval variables have values that lie along an evenly dispersed range of
numbers. samples of interval data include temperature, a person’s net worth,
etc.
4. Ratio variables have values that lie along an evenly dispersed range of
numbers when there's an temperature, as hostile net worth, which could have
a negative debt-to-income ratio-level variable. That is, you'll be able to not have
income or some positive amount of income. Most scores stemming from
response to survey items are ratio-level values because they typically cannot
go below zero.
Primary sorts of Variables are the:
1. Independent variables- people who cause, influence, or affect outcomes.
they're invariably called treatment, manipulated, antecedent, or predictor
variables.
2. Dependent variables- people that show the results or results or outcomes of the
influence of the independent variables.
Independent variables standalone which they do not seem to be changed by
the alternative variables you're trying to measure. samples of independent variables
are age, gender, what people eat, what quantity time they spend using gadgets, what
quantity television they watch or how time youngsters spend on computer games.
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Dependent variables are what researchers have an interest in. They depend on
other factors. as an example, a test score may well be a quantity, because it could
change reckoning on several factors like what quantity you watched, what quantity
sleep you purchased the night before you took the test, or perhaps how hungry you
were after you took it. In sum, the changes within the dependent variables are what
the researchers try and digest varied scientific techniques.
3. Intervening or Mediating variables- those that are in-between the independent
and dependent variables, that is, showing the results of the independent
variable on the variable.
4. Control variable- those that are measured during a study because they
potentially influence the quantity, using statistical procedures like analysis of
covariance to manage these variables.
5. Confounding variables- people who don't seem to be actually measured but
they exist.
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APPLICATION
Instructions: The following table includes 10 research study objectives. Read
each of the following statements carefully; find the dependent and independent
variable(s)
Statement Independent Variable Dependent
Variable
1. The effect of structural
empowerment and organizational
commitment on nurses' job
satisfaction
2. factors influencing
smoking behavior among
Saudi adolescent boys
3. The Effectiveness of a Pressure
Ulcer care on the Prevalence of
Hospital Acquired Pressure Ulcers
4. Use of social media and Internet
to obtain health information by
working mothers
5. Nursing students' perceptions of
teamwork in a hospital clinical
setting.
6. The effect of different patient
education methods on quality of
bowel cleanliness in outpatients
receiving colonoscopy examination
7. Impact of Nurses’ perception for
highly effective interventions to
prevent adult inpatient fall injuries on
the prevalence of fall injuries in
surgical wards.
