Rotation of crops in agriculture production. Professional articles in area of agriculture.

1. Rotacija useva
Rotacija useva predstvalja suštinu orgaskog farminga i pomaže sistemu organske proizvodnje u
zaštiti životne sredine. Rotacija (smena) useva predstavlja redovnu zamenu jednog tipa useva
drugim na istom proizvodnom prostoru. Oragski farmeri sade alternativne grupe useva kao što su
krtolaste biljke, žitarice, kupsnjače i legunimoze, sa namerom čuvanja postojeće plodnosti
zemlljišta i njenog povećavanja. Takođe, na ovaj način se preventivno deluje protiv štetočina i
bolesti. Neke biljke, kao što je detelina, dodaju hraniva u zemljište- dok pšenica i krompir koriste
hraniva. Rotacija često podrazumeva i period „odmaranja“ pojednih parcela za jednu sezonu ili
duže, tada se na takvim parcelama seje trava ili biljke koje daju „zelenišno đubrivo“ kao što je
detelina, koja se zaorava u zemljište kako bi se istom poboljšala plodnost.
Često se rotacija useva smatra prevaziđenom i zastarelom metodom, ali bez obzira na površne
utiske ona je mnogo efektivniji i sofistciraniji sistem nego oslanjanje na hemijska sredstva.
Upotreba hemijskih sredstava za poboljšanje plodnosti zemljišta često usevima pruža tri osnovna
elementa: azot, fosfor i kalijum, neophodna za njihov rast, pri tom ne pružajući im sva hraniva
neophodna za njihov rast.
Osim što sprečava osiromašenje hraniva iz zemljišta,odnosno njihvo iscrpljivanje iznošenjem
useva, rotacija useva ima prevetivno dejstvo na štetočine i bolesti, što pomaže farmerima da
izbegnu upotrebu pesticida. Kada se sadi isti useva na jednom polju iz godine u godinu (poznato
kao monokultura), povećava se broj štetočina i bolesti koje napadaju useve, protiv čega se
farmeri u ne-organskoj proizvodnji bore pesticidima. Nasuprot tome u sistemu organske
proizvodnje problem bolesti i štetočina se resava alternativnim usevima, koji se smenjuju svake
godine, tako da oni usevi koji su osetljivi na bolesti i napad štetočina bivaju zamenjeni i na taj
način se deluje protiv akumulacije štetočina na istoj lokaciji, a samim tim ne dolazi do
povećavanja njihovog broja u zemljištu. Pojednostavljeno objašnjenje bi glasilo: na parceli 1 u
prvoj godini zasejan je grašak koji je osteljiv na štetočinu graškov žižak, ukoliko se naredne
godine na parceli 1 zasadi krtolasti usev, kao što je krompir koji je rezistentan na štetočine
graška, izbeći će se nagomilavanje graškovog žižka u zemljištu i na taj način umanjiti posledice
štetočina i izbeći upotreba pesticida.
Roatcija useva ima dosta važnih funkcija:
1. Pomaže u kontroli bolesti i štetočina
2. Pomaže u održavanju zemljišne plodnosti
3. Pomaže u održavanju strukture zemljišta i organske materije u njemu
4. Obezbeđuje dostupnost dovoljnih količina dostupnih hraniva različitim usevima u svakoj
proizvodnoj godini
Sveukupni rezultat ove tehnike je da organska prozivodnja ili organski farming redukuje
zagađenje životne sredine i gasove staklene bašte izazvane proizvodnjom hrane. Na posletku,
može se zaključiti da organski farming fokusiran na održavanje zdravlja zemljišta je bolja
solucija nego sistem intezivne proizvodnje.
Autor: MSc Ivana Trifkovic
Master Engineer of agriculture
(horticulture and crop sciences)

2. Translate of text into English:
Rotation of crops - the impact on the maintenance of soil fertility, pest control, reduction of
environmental pollution
Rotation of crops is the essence of organic farming and organic production system helps to
protect the environment. Rotate (shift) of crops represents a regular exchange of one type of crop
other in the same production area. Organic farmers plant alternative crops groups such as tuber
plants, cereals and cabbage, legumes, with the intention of keeping the existing soil fertility and
its increase. Also, in this way, the preventive effect against pests and diseases. Some plants, such
as clover, add nutrients to the soil - while wheat and potatoes used nutrients. Rotation often
includes period 'resting' of individual parcels for one season or longer, then on such plots session
grasses or plants that give a 'green manure' as clover, which is worked into the soil to improve
fertility same.
Often, crop rotation is considered outdated and obsolete method, but regardless of superficial
impressions it is much more effective and sophisticated system rather than relying on
chemicals. The use of chemical agents for improving soil fertility often crops provides three basic
elements: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, essential for their growth, while not providing
them with all the nutrients necessary for their growth.
In addition to preventing depletion of nutrients from the soil, and their exhaustion by making
crops, crop rotation has a preventive effect on pests and diseases, which helps farmers to avoid
the use of pesticides. When planting the same crop in a field from year to year (known as
monoculture), the number of pests and diseases that attack crops, against which farmers in the
non-organic production lines pesticides. In contrast to organic production system problem pests
and diseases is resolved alternative crops, which are replaced every year, so that those
Crops sensitive to disease and pest attack are replaced and thus work against the accumulation of
pests at the same location, and therefore there is no increase in the number of their soil. In simple

3. explanation would be: on the plot 1 in the first year planted the peas to the High sensitive to pest
pea weevil, if the next year on a plot of 1 plant, root crops, such as potatoes, which is resistant to
pests peas, will avoid the accumulation of pea weevil in the soil and thus reduce the effects of
pests and avoid the use of pesticides.
Crop rotation has a lot of important functions:
 It helps in controlling diseases and pests
 Helps to maintain land fertility
 Helps maintain soil structure and organic matter in it
 Provided the availability of sufficient quantities of available nutrients to different crops in
each production year
The overall result of this technique is that organic production will or organic farming reduces
pollution and greenhouse gases caused by food production. Finally, it can be concluded that
organic farming is focused on maintaining the health of the land is a better solution than a system
of intensive production.
Author: MSc Ivana Trifkovic
Master Engineer of agriculture
(horticulture and crop sciences)