3. What is the diabetic foot?
It is a spectrum of foot disorders ranging from
ulceration to gangrene occurring in diabetics
as result of peripheral neuropathy or ischemic
or both.
4. Why is it important?
Because the foot is a frequent site for
complications in patients with diabetes.
Tissue necrosis in the feet is a common
reason for hospital admission in diabetic
patients. Such admission tend to be
prolonged and often end with amputation.
5. Causes of diabetic foot
1. Ischemic or Angiopathy
2. Neuropathy
3. Infection
6. Neuropathy and blood
vessel disease both
increase the risk of foot
ulcers . Because of the loss
of sensation caused by
neuropathy, sores or injuries
to the feet may not be
noticed and may become
ulcerated.
7. Infection
such as cellulitis are caused by the same
organisms as those in healthy hosts, namely
group A streptococci and Staph aureus.
If the patient is hyperglycemic, this will be
good media for polymicrobial infection.
8. Summary
Angiopathy ischemia ulcer or gangrene,
if infected wet gangrene
Neuropathy Injury + loss of sensation
ulcers and gangrene without noticing
13. Grade Lesion
0 No open lesions; may have deformity or cellulitis
1 Superficial diabetic ulcer (partial or full thickness)
2 Ulcer extension to ligament, tendon, joint capsule, or deep
fascia without abscess or osteomyelitis
3 Deep ulcer with abscess, osteomyelitis, or joint sepsis
4 Gangrene localized to portion of forefoot or heel
5 Extensive gangrenous involvement of the entire foot
15. Diagnosis
Evaluation on three levels: the patient,
wound, and infection.
History and physical examination [ inspection,
palpation]
Foot pulse, blood pressure
Neurological examination
17. Imaging Studies:
1. plain radiography
2. CT scan for deep abscess, gas
gangrene
3. MRI detection of osteomyelitis
4. Check blood vessels by Doppler
ultrasound, angiography.
Investigation
18.
19.
20. Management of diabetic foot
Debridement [ to remove necrotic tissue ]
Treat infection [ampicillin, gentamycin, fungal]
Avoid weight-bearing
Ensure good diabetic control
Control edema
Angiogram to assess feasibility of vascular
reconstruction where indicated
22. Prevention begins with:
Daily foot inspections (Look for redness,
cracks in skin, or sores.)
Daily foot care (Dry completely between your
toes and use lotion to keep skin moist.)
Regular visits to your physician
Foot-care education
Wearing proper shoes at all times (Do not go
barefoot.)
Early treatment of any trouble areas.
23. People with diabetes should have a foot
exam every year. Exams include:
1. Checking for sensation (feeling) in the feet
2. Looking at the foot for changes in shape
and size
3. Checking blood flow and circulation
4. Looking for discoloration.
Prevention begins with: