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‫هامة‬ ‫مالحظة‬
▪‫هذه‬‫المحاضرات‬‫مخصصة‬‫للتحضير‬‫إلمتحان‬‫مزاولة‬
‫المهنة‬‫في‬‫المجلس‬‫الطبي‬‫اإلردني‬(‫اإلمتياز‬)‫في‬
‫مادة‬‫الجراحة‬‫العامة‬
▪‫تناقش‬‫المواضيع‬‫المطلوبة‬‫دون‬‫زيادة‬‫أو‬‫نقصان‬‫ف‬‫ي‬
‫حجم‬‫المادة‬‫المطلوب‬.
▪‫وذلك‬‫من‬‫خالل‬‫مراجعة‬‫شاملة‬‫ألسئلة‬‫السنوات‬
‫السابقة‬
▪‫ال‬‫يوجد‬‫كتاب‬‫جراحي‬‫يجمع‬‫هذه‬‫الميزات‬‫إطالقا‬
Blood
Transfusion
▪‫موضوع‬ ‫عن‬ ‫يأتي‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫ما‬ ‫كل‬ ‫تجد‬ ‫سوف‬
‫هللا‬ ‫شاء‬ ‫إن‬ ‫هنا‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫نقل‬...
▪‫لفه‬ ‫األولية‬ ‫األساسيات‬ ‫لديك‬ ‫أن‬ ‫هنا‬ ‫نفترض‬‫م‬
‫األساسي‬ ‫الطبية‬ ‫العلوم‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫نعود‬ ‫ولن‬ ‫النقاط‬‫ة‬
‫اإلمتحان‬ ‫في‬ ‫عنها‬ ‫يسأل‬ ‫ال‬ ‫والتي‬
▪‫والباق‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫بيركزوا‬ ‫اللي‬ ‫هو‬ ‫هون‬ ‫اللي‬ ‫الكالم‬‫ي‬
‫فاااضي‬ ‫حكي‬ ‫يعتبر‬
Packed red blood cells
(PRBCs)‫المركزة‬ ‫الحمر‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫كريات‬
▪ Storage -4 O C for maximum duration of 42 days (6 weeks)
▪ One unit has 350 ml and rise the Hb ( 1 mg / dl )
▪ Should be compatible for (ABO) and (Rh) system
▪‫الدم‬ ‫فصيلة‬ ‫فإن‬ ‫ولذا‬(O)‫عام‬ ‫معطي‬ ‫يعتبر‬Universal donor‫المركزة‬ ‫الحمر‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫الكريات‬
▪‫الدم‬ ‫وفصيلة‬(AB)‫عام‬ ‫آخذ‬Universal recipient‫األخرى‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫فصائل‬ ‫كل‬ ‫من‬ ‫يأخذ‬ ‫يعني‬
‫آخر‬ ‫نوع‬ ‫أي‬ ‫يعطي‬ ‫وال‬
▪‫الـ‬ ‫فصيلة‬(Rh –)‫الـ‬ ‫بيعطي‬(Rh+)‫والـ‬(Rh -)‫الـ‬ ‫ولكن‬(Rh +)‫الـ‬ ‫بيعطي‬ ‫فقط‬(Rh +. )
▪‫مري‬ ‫وعادة‬ ‫مريض‬ ‫قصة‬ ‫شكل‬ ‫على‬ ‫السوال‬ ‫ويأتي‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫إعطاء‬ ‫علينا‬ ‫يجب‬ ‫متى‬‫ض‬TRAUMA)‫هاااام‬. )
– Acute blood loss and Hgb less than 10 mg/dl
– Blood loss more than 20% of total blood volume
– Serial Hb shows drop indicates ongoing bleeding
▪‫الـ‬ ‫بترفع‬ ‫المركزة‬ ‫الحمر‬ ‫الخاليا‬ ‫من‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫وحدة‬ ‫مالحظة‬1 mg/ dl : Hb‫الـ‬ ‫وبترفع‬Hematocrite3%
▪‫مريض‬ ‫أنو‬ ‫في‬ ‫سؤال‬ ‫إجا‬ ‫وإذا‬trauma‫الدم‬ ‫قوة‬ ‫في‬ ‫هبوط‬ ‫عندو‬ ‫صار‬‫الـ‬ ‫تحت‬10‫من‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫المريض‬ ‫خسر‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫أو‬
20%‫الـ‬ ‫من‬>>>Blood volume‫دم‬ ‫بتعطيه‬
▪‫الـ‬blood volume‫تقريبا‬ ‫هو‬ ‫اإلنسان‬ ‫عند‬8%‫مثال‬ ‫سؤال‬ ‫بييجي‬ ‫وعادة‬ ‫الكلي‬ ‫وزنه‬ ‫من‬:‫عن‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫حجم‬ ‫هو‬ ‫كم‬
‫وزنة‬ ‫طفل‬25‫؟؟‬ ‫كلغ‬..........
=200‫بقدر‬ ‫نزيف‬ ‫عندو‬ ‫صار‬ ‫وإذا‬ ‫مل‬40‫خسر‬ ‫بكون‬ ‫مل‬20%‫الكلي‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫حجم‬ ‫من‬
‫دم‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫بدو‬ ‫وصار‬(‫هاااام‬)
Complications of blood transfusion
Early
– Allergic
– Anaphylaxis
– Hemolytic
– Metabolic
– Transfusion related acute lung injury
– Circulatory overload
– Non-hemolytic febrile transfusion
reactions
– Haemostatic: dilution of clotting
factors and thrombocytopenia
– Infective Risks,,,
Late
– Delayed hemolytic transfusion
reactions
– Sensitization/Alloimunization
– Transfusion Related Immune
Modulation
– Graft-vs-Host disease
– Transfusion iron overload
(haemosiderosis)
Metabolic complications‫هام‬
1. Hypothermia
2. Acidosis
3. Increased affinity of oxyhaemoglobin for oxygen( due to
transfusion of 2,3 DPG depleted blood)
4. Citrate intoxication
( causes temporary reductions in ionised calcium levels)
5. Hyperkalemia
▪‫عندو‬ ‫مريض‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫أنو‬ ‫متكرر‬ ‫سؤال‬Hypovolemic shock‫إشي‬ ‫فأفضل‬ ‫السبب‬ ‫شو‬ ‫يحدد‬ ‫ما‬ ‫بدون‬
‫تعطيه‬Lactated ringers,‫إشي‬ ‫فأفضل‬ ‫النزف‬ ‫هو‬ ‫السبب‬ ‫أنو‬ ‫السؤال‬ ‫في‬ ‫موضحلك‬ ‫كان‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫أما‬
‫الـ‬ ‫هو‬ ‫فيه‬ ‫تبلش‬Blood transfusion
▪‫يسبب‬ ‫قد‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫فإن‬ ‫وبالتالي‬ ‫التخثر‬ ‫بعوامل‬ ‫فقير‬ ‫المخزن‬ ‫الدم‬Coagulopathy
▪‫الـ‬ ‫بمادة‬ ‫فقير‬ ‫المخزن‬ ‫الدم‬2,3-DPG‫والتي‬ ‫بالهيموغلوبين‬ ‫االكسجين‬ ‫إرتباط‬ ‫من‬ ‫تقلل‬ ‫التي‬
‫لألنسجة‬ ‫األكسجين‬ ‫إعطاء‬ ‫في‬ ‫كرما‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫الحمراء‬ ‫الكريات‬ ‫تجعل‬//‫الحقا‬ ‫نشرحها‬ ‫سوف‬....
▪‫بالبوتاسيوم‬ ‫غني‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫فان‬ ‫بالمقابل‬ ‫ولكن‬(‫بالبو‬ ‫الغنية‬ ‫الحمر‬ ‫الكريات‬ ‫إنحالل‬ ‫نتيجة‬‫مع‬ ‫تاسيوم‬
‫المخزنة‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫وحدة‬ ‫داخل‬ ‫الوقت‬)
▪‫الـ‬ ‫مادة‬ ‫المخزن‬ ‫للدم‬ ‫يضاف‬Citrate‫الـ‬ ‫من‬ ‫لكنه‬ ‫الحمر‬ ‫الكريات‬ ‫تحلل‬ ‫من‬ ‫لتقلل‬(Acid)‫ويستهلك‬
‫والـ‬ ‫الكالسيوم‬(HCo3)‫إلى‬ ‫يؤدي‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫فإن‬ ‫وبالتالي‬ ‫بعنف‬ ‫الجسم‬ ‫في‬ ‫الموجود‬
Hyperkalemia + metabolic Acidosis+Hypocalcemia‫هااام‬.
• Most common complication after blood transfusion is >>> (non hemolytic) Febrile reaction
• Most serious complication for blood transfusion is >>> ABO incompatibility and transfusion
related acute lung injury (TRALI)
• Most common disease transmitted by blood transfusion is >>>> CMV.
‫الفيروسات‬ ‫وخاصة‬ ‫الشيوع‬ ‫حيث‬ ‫من‬ ‫الترتيب‬ ‫على‬ ‫شباب‬ ‫يا‬ ‫ركزوا‬
What can move the oxyhemoglobin dissociation
‫هاااام‬curve to the right?
▪ Acidosis
▪  2,3-DPG
▪ Fever
▪ Elevated PCO 2
‫ال‬ ‫فيصبح‬ ‫باألكسجين‬ ‫الهيموغلوبين‬ ‫تمسك‬ ‫يقل‬ ‫الحاالت‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫في‬‫أكثر‬ ‫دم‬
‫نق‬ ‫فإن‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫في‬ ‫ولكن‬ ‫لألنسجة‬ ‫األكسجين‬ ‫إعطاء‬ ‫في‬ ‫كرما‬‫ص‬
‫الـ‬ ‫مادة‬DPG‫والـ‬ ‫بخيال‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫يجعل‬ ‫المخزن‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫في‬(Curve to the left)
•‫إلى‬ ‫يؤدي‬ ‫نقله‬ ‫وبالتالي‬ ‫جدا‬ ‫باااارد‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫طبعا‬Hypothermia
•‫الـ‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫طبعا‬ ‫يؤدي‬ ‫قد‬ ‫كبيرة‬ ‫بكميات‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫نقل‬Volume Overload
•‫وخطير‬ ‫هام‬blood transfusion can causes immunosuppression >>>
•(‫دورات‬ ‫سؤال‬)
‫حدث‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫العملية‬ ‫داخل‬ABO hemolytic reaction‫شكل‬ ‫على‬ ‫تظهر‬:
coagulopathy (Bleeding) +Hemoglobinurea
Platelets
▪‫هو‬ ‫الدموية‬ ‫الصفيحات‬ ‫وحدة‬ ‫حجم‬50‫تقريبا‬ ‫الغرفة‬ ‫حرارة‬ ‫بدرجة‬ ‫حفظها‬ ‫ويمكن‬ ‫مل‬
(22-24)‫مئوية‬ ‫درجة‬
▪‫بمقدار‬ ‫الصفيحات‬ ‫ترفع‬ ‫الدموية‬ ‫الصفيحات‬ ‫وحدة‬ ‫إن‬5000-10000‫المايكروليتر‬ ‫في‬
▪‫الـ‬ ‫تتعدى‬ ‫ال‬ ‫الحفظ‬ ‫أيام‬ ‫عدد‬5‫أيام‬(‫هاااام‬)
▪‫نقل‬ ‫خطورة‬ ‫تحمل‬‫البكتيريا‬‫البكتيري‬ ‫لتكاثر‬ ‫مناسبة‬ ‫حفظها‬ ‫حرارة‬ ‫درجة‬ ‫ألن‬‫ا‬
▪‫هو‬ ‫للصفيحات‬ ‫الطبيعي‬ ‫العدد‬150-450‫يجب‬ ‫جراحي‬ ‫عمل‬ ‫ألي‬ ‫التحضير‬ ‫وعند‬ ‫ألف‬
‫الـ‬ ‫فوق‬ ‫الصفيحات‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫أن‬50‫العملية‬ ‫إجراء‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫يجب‬ ‫فإنه‬ ‫وإال‬ ‫ألف‬
Fresh Frozen Plasma
▪ Stored at degree of (-18  C) for up to 12 months.
▪ Used in DIC where there deficiencies in coagulation factors , and
in reversal of warfarin effects.
▪ FFP is rich in Factors ( II,V ,VII , IX , X, XI) ‫هااام‬
▪ ABO group must be compitable
Cryoprecipitate
▪ Stored at degree of (-18  C) for up to 12 months.
▪ Contains : ‫هااام‬
– Von willibrand's factor
– FactorVIII
– Fibrinogen
– Factor XIII.
▪ Indicated in management of Hemophilia ,Von willibrand’s disease
‫لكم‬ ‫شكرا‬
‫آخر‬ ‫مرجع‬ ‫اي‬ ‫لفتح‬ ‫لكم‬ ‫حاجة‬ ‫وال‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫موضوع‬ ‫في‬ ‫يتعلق‬ ‫ما‬ ‫كل‬ ‫هذا‬
‫الموضوع‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫في‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫التوسع‬ ‫أو‬.
‫اإلمتياز‬ ‫إلمتحان‬ ‫الموجهة‬ ‫المحاضرات‬ ‫من‬ ‫للمزيد‬–‫الجراحة‬
‫الـ‬ ‫على‬ ‫الرسمية‬ ‫صفحتنا‬ ‫على‬ ‫الطلب‬
Facebook Page – Top one – surgery
https://www.facebook.com/Top-one-Surgery-1826213290938781/

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Blood transfusion - top one

  • 3. Blood Transfusion ▪‫موضوع‬ ‫عن‬ ‫يأتي‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫ما‬ ‫كل‬ ‫تجد‬ ‫سوف‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫شاء‬ ‫إن‬ ‫هنا‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫نقل‬... ▪‫لفه‬ ‫األولية‬ ‫األساسيات‬ ‫لديك‬ ‫أن‬ ‫هنا‬ ‫نفترض‬‫م‬ ‫األساسي‬ ‫الطبية‬ ‫العلوم‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫نعود‬ ‫ولن‬ ‫النقاط‬‫ة‬ ‫اإلمتحان‬ ‫في‬ ‫عنها‬ ‫يسأل‬ ‫ال‬ ‫والتي‬ ▪‫والباق‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫بيركزوا‬ ‫اللي‬ ‫هو‬ ‫هون‬ ‫اللي‬ ‫الكالم‬‫ي‬ ‫فاااضي‬ ‫حكي‬ ‫يعتبر‬
  • 4. Packed red blood cells (PRBCs)‫المركزة‬ ‫الحمر‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫كريات‬ ▪ Storage -4 O C for maximum duration of 42 days (6 weeks) ▪ One unit has 350 ml and rise the Hb ( 1 mg / dl ) ▪ Should be compatible for (ABO) and (Rh) system ▪‫الدم‬ ‫فصيلة‬ ‫فإن‬ ‫ولذا‬(O)‫عام‬ ‫معطي‬ ‫يعتبر‬Universal donor‫المركزة‬ ‫الحمر‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫الكريات‬ ▪‫الدم‬ ‫وفصيلة‬(AB)‫عام‬ ‫آخذ‬Universal recipient‫األخرى‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫فصائل‬ ‫كل‬ ‫من‬ ‫يأخذ‬ ‫يعني‬ ‫آخر‬ ‫نوع‬ ‫أي‬ ‫يعطي‬ ‫وال‬ ▪‫الـ‬ ‫فصيلة‬(Rh –)‫الـ‬ ‫بيعطي‬(Rh+)‫والـ‬(Rh -)‫الـ‬ ‫ولكن‬(Rh +)‫الـ‬ ‫بيعطي‬ ‫فقط‬(Rh +. )
  • 5.
  • 6. ▪‫مري‬ ‫وعادة‬ ‫مريض‬ ‫قصة‬ ‫شكل‬ ‫على‬ ‫السوال‬ ‫ويأتي‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫إعطاء‬ ‫علينا‬ ‫يجب‬ ‫متى‬‫ض‬TRAUMA)‫هاااام‬. ) – Acute blood loss and Hgb less than 10 mg/dl – Blood loss more than 20% of total blood volume – Serial Hb shows drop indicates ongoing bleeding ▪‫الـ‬ ‫بترفع‬ ‫المركزة‬ ‫الحمر‬ ‫الخاليا‬ ‫من‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫وحدة‬ ‫مالحظة‬1 mg/ dl : Hb‫الـ‬ ‫وبترفع‬Hematocrite3% ▪‫مريض‬ ‫أنو‬ ‫في‬ ‫سؤال‬ ‫إجا‬ ‫وإذا‬trauma‫الدم‬ ‫قوة‬ ‫في‬ ‫هبوط‬ ‫عندو‬ ‫صار‬‫الـ‬ ‫تحت‬10‫من‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫المريض‬ ‫خسر‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫أو‬ 20%‫الـ‬ ‫من‬>>>Blood volume‫دم‬ ‫بتعطيه‬ ▪‫الـ‬blood volume‫تقريبا‬ ‫هو‬ ‫اإلنسان‬ ‫عند‬8%‫مثال‬ ‫سؤال‬ ‫بييجي‬ ‫وعادة‬ ‫الكلي‬ ‫وزنه‬ ‫من‬:‫عن‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫حجم‬ ‫هو‬ ‫كم‬ ‫وزنة‬ ‫طفل‬25‫؟؟‬ ‫كلغ‬.......... =200‫بقدر‬ ‫نزيف‬ ‫عندو‬ ‫صار‬ ‫وإذا‬ ‫مل‬40‫خسر‬ ‫بكون‬ ‫مل‬20%‫الكلي‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫حجم‬ ‫من‬ ‫دم‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫بدو‬ ‫وصار‬(‫هاااام‬)
  • 7. Complications of blood transfusion Early – Allergic – Anaphylaxis – Hemolytic – Metabolic – Transfusion related acute lung injury – Circulatory overload – Non-hemolytic febrile transfusion reactions – Haemostatic: dilution of clotting factors and thrombocytopenia – Infective Risks,,, Late – Delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions – Sensitization/Alloimunization – Transfusion Related Immune Modulation – Graft-vs-Host disease – Transfusion iron overload (haemosiderosis)
  • 8. Metabolic complications‫هام‬ 1. Hypothermia 2. Acidosis 3. Increased affinity of oxyhaemoglobin for oxygen( due to transfusion of 2,3 DPG depleted blood) 4. Citrate intoxication ( causes temporary reductions in ionised calcium levels) 5. Hyperkalemia
  • 9. ▪‫عندو‬ ‫مريض‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫أنو‬ ‫متكرر‬ ‫سؤال‬Hypovolemic shock‫إشي‬ ‫فأفضل‬ ‫السبب‬ ‫شو‬ ‫يحدد‬ ‫ما‬ ‫بدون‬ ‫تعطيه‬Lactated ringers,‫إشي‬ ‫فأفضل‬ ‫النزف‬ ‫هو‬ ‫السبب‬ ‫أنو‬ ‫السؤال‬ ‫في‬ ‫موضحلك‬ ‫كان‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫أما‬ ‫الـ‬ ‫هو‬ ‫فيه‬ ‫تبلش‬Blood transfusion ▪‫يسبب‬ ‫قد‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫فإن‬ ‫وبالتالي‬ ‫التخثر‬ ‫بعوامل‬ ‫فقير‬ ‫المخزن‬ ‫الدم‬Coagulopathy ▪‫الـ‬ ‫بمادة‬ ‫فقير‬ ‫المخزن‬ ‫الدم‬2,3-DPG‫والتي‬ ‫بالهيموغلوبين‬ ‫االكسجين‬ ‫إرتباط‬ ‫من‬ ‫تقلل‬ ‫التي‬ ‫لألنسجة‬ ‫األكسجين‬ ‫إعطاء‬ ‫في‬ ‫كرما‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫الحمراء‬ ‫الكريات‬ ‫تجعل‬//‫الحقا‬ ‫نشرحها‬ ‫سوف‬.... ▪‫بالبوتاسيوم‬ ‫غني‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫فان‬ ‫بالمقابل‬ ‫ولكن‬(‫بالبو‬ ‫الغنية‬ ‫الحمر‬ ‫الكريات‬ ‫إنحالل‬ ‫نتيجة‬‫مع‬ ‫تاسيوم‬ ‫المخزنة‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫وحدة‬ ‫داخل‬ ‫الوقت‬) ▪‫الـ‬ ‫مادة‬ ‫المخزن‬ ‫للدم‬ ‫يضاف‬Citrate‫الـ‬ ‫من‬ ‫لكنه‬ ‫الحمر‬ ‫الكريات‬ ‫تحلل‬ ‫من‬ ‫لتقلل‬(Acid)‫ويستهلك‬ ‫والـ‬ ‫الكالسيوم‬(HCo3)‫إلى‬ ‫يؤدي‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫فإن‬ ‫وبالتالي‬ ‫بعنف‬ ‫الجسم‬ ‫في‬ ‫الموجود‬ Hyperkalemia + metabolic Acidosis+Hypocalcemia‫هااام‬.
  • 10. • Most common complication after blood transfusion is >>> (non hemolytic) Febrile reaction • Most serious complication for blood transfusion is >>> ABO incompatibility and transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI) • Most common disease transmitted by blood transfusion is >>>> CMV.
  • 11. ‫الفيروسات‬ ‫وخاصة‬ ‫الشيوع‬ ‫حيث‬ ‫من‬ ‫الترتيب‬ ‫على‬ ‫شباب‬ ‫يا‬ ‫ركزوا‬
  • 12. What can move the oxyhemoglobin dissociation ‫هاااام‬curve to the right? ▪ Acidosis ▪  2,3-DPG ▪ Fever ▪ Elevated PCO 2 ‫ال‬ ‫فيصبح‬ ‫باألكسجين‬ ‫الهيموغلوبين‬ ‫تمسك‬ ‫يقل‬ ‫الحاالت‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫في‬‫أكثر‬ ‫دم‬ ‫نق‬ ‫فإن‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫في‬ ‫ولكن‬ ‫لألنسجة‬ ‫األكسجين‬ ‫إعطاء‬ ‫في‬ ‫كرما‬‫ص‬ ‫الـ‬ ‫مادة‬DPG‫والـ‬ ‫بخيال‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫يجعل‬ ‫المخزن‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫في‬(Curve to the left)
  • 13. •‫إلى‬ ‫يؤدي‬ ‫نقله‬ ‫وبالتالي‬ ‫جدا‬ ‫باااارد‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫طبعا‬Hypothermia •‫الـ‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫طبعا‬ ‫يؤدي‬ ‫قد‬ ‫كبيرة‬ ‫بكميات‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫نقل‬Volume Overload •‫وخطير‬ ‫هام‬blood transfusion can causes immunosuppression >>> •(‫دورات‬ ‫سؤال‬) ‫حدث‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫العملية‬ ‫داخل‬ABO hemolytic reaction‫شكل‬ ‫على‬ ‫تظهر‬: coagulopathy (Bleeding) +Hemoglobinurea
  • 14. Platelets ▪‫هو‬ ‫الدموية‬ ‫الصفيحات‬ ‫وحدة‬ ‫حجم‬50‫تقريبا‬ ‫الغرفة‬ ‫حرارة‬ ‫بدرجة‬ ‫حفظها‬ ‫ويمكن‬ ‫مل‬ (22-24)‫مئوية‬ ‫درجة‬ ▪‫بمقدار‬ ‫الصفيحات‬ ‫ترفع‬ ‫الدموية‬ ‫الصفيحات‬ ‫وحدة‬ ‫إن‬5000-10000‫المايكروليتر‬ ‫في‬ ▪‫الـ‬ ‫تتعدى‬ ‫ال‬ ‫الحفظ‬ ‫أيام‬ ‫عدد‬5‫أيام‬(‫هاااام‬) ▪‫نقل‬ ‫خطورة‬ ‫تحمل‬‫البكتيريا‬‫البكتيري‬ ‫لتكاثر‬ ‫مناسبة‬ ‫حفظها‬ ‫حرارة‬ ‫درجة‬ ‫ألن‬‫ا‬ ▪‫هو‬ ‫للصفيحات‬ ‫الطبيعي‬ ‫العدد‬150-450‫يجب‬ ‫جراحي‬ ‫عمل‬ ‫ألي‬ ‫التحضير‬ ‫وعند‬ ‫ألف‬ ‫الـ‬ ‫فوق‬ ‫الصفيحات‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫أن‬50‫العملية‬ ‫إجراء‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫يجب‬ ‫فإنه‬ ‫وإال‬ ‫ألف‬
  • 15. Fresh Frozen Plasma ▪ Stored at degree of (-18  C) for up to 12 months. ▪ Used in DIC where there deficiencies in coagulation factors , and in reversal of warfarin effects. ▪ FFP is rich in Factors ( II,V ,VII , IX , X, XI) ‫هااام‬ ▪ ABO group must be compitable
  • 16. Cryoprecipitate ▪ Stored at degree of (-18  C) for up to 12 months. ▪ Contains : ‫هااام‬ – Von willibrand's factor – FactorVIII – Fibrinogen – Factor XIII. ▪ Indicated in management of Hemophilia ,Von willibrand’s disease
  • 17. ‫لكم‬ ‫شكرا‬ ‫آخر‬ ‫مرجع‬ ‫اي‬ ‫لفتح‬ ‫لكم‬ ‫حاجة‬ ‫وال‬ ‫الدم‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫موضوع‬ ‫في‬ ‫يتعلق‬ ‫ما‬ ‫كل‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫الموضوع‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫في‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫التوسع‬ ‫أو‬.
  • 18. ‫اإلمتياز‬ ‫إلمتحان‬ ‫الموجهة‬ ‫المحاضرات‬ ‫من‬ ‫للمزيد‬–‫الجراحة‬ ‫الـ‬ ‫على‬ ‫الرسمية‬ ‫صفحتنا‬ ‫على‬ ‫الطلب‬ Facebook Page – Top one – surgery https://www.facebook.com/Top-one-Surgery-1826213290938781/